CN102623975B - 基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法 - Google Patents

基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法 Download PDF

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CN102623975B
CN102623975B CN201210095645.9A CN201210095645A CN102623975B CN 102623975 B CN102623975 B CN 102623975B CN 201210095645 A CN201210095645 A CN 201210095645A CN 102623975 B CN102623975 B CN 102623975B
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CN102623975A (zh
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刘星
宋小会
魏勇
李国斌
王定国
狄军峰
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XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/28Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

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Abstract

本发明涉及基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法,属于电力系统自动化及继电保护领域。本发明通过根据输入的反应配电网电气拓扑的支路节点关联数据表,循环使用深度优先搜索方法生成若干广义节点差动保护元件(或称差动保护对象)及后备差动保护元件。本发明可实现配电网系统故障的准确定位、快速隔离,减少了非故障线路的停电几率,缩小停电范围,实现配电网的快速重构及自愈,同时解决分布式接入系统对配电网保护的影响。

Description

基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法,属于电力系统自动化及继电保护领域。
背景技术
为提高配电系统供电可靠性,现在配电网架已经开始尝试采用环网结构,环网结构下,以过流保护为主要保护的变电站馈出线、配网主干线保护的定值难于整定,定值与时延上均无法配合。而且,分布式电源的接入改变了原有配网的拓扑结构,使其由单电源辐射状变成多电源网状结构,这对配网的继电保护带来了很大影响。基于以上原因,有必要设计一种适用于不断发展的配电网架的新型保护策略。
光纤复合电缆技术的应用为配网光纤通信通道的构建提供了良好的基础;高速发展的网络技术满足了日益增加的对网络传输能力和安全、可靠性能的需求;IEC61850标准在智能变电站中得到了成熟的应用;计算机技术、信息技术的高速发展使继电保护硬件平台的集成度越来越高,可靠性大幅度提升。这些先进技术的应用为信息共享和智能配网的实现奠定了基础,也为新原理、新方案的研究、实施提供了可能性。因此,配网新型继电保护应面向整个区域配网而不是单个供电线路,集中式网络化保护的设计思想已经具备了可行性。
由于配网每个供电区段保护安装地点不一定配置三相PT或仅配置单相PT,从选择性和灵敏性考虑,基于电流差动原理的保护是最合适的配网新型继电保护。但因成本、维护等各方面的原因,不宜在配网每个供电线路区段都配置电流差动保护,因此面向区域配电网的集中式差动保护是最理想的方案。集中式差动保护的作用为准确、快速地定位并隔离配电网供电线路故障区段,保护动作时间可以提高到50ms。区域配电网集中式保护可以由1台集中式保护装置与若干台分布式智能终端组成,集中式保护配置全线速动主保护-差动保护,配电终端完成就地模拟量数据采集与上送,并配置基本的后备保护。配电网集中式保护系统可实现配电网系统故障的准确定位、快速隔离,减少了非故障线路的停电几率,缩小停电范围,实现配电网的快速重构及自愈,同时解决分布式接入系统对配电网保护的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决集中式保护设备如何把区域配网的电气拓扑转换成若干最小差动保护对象的问题。
本发明为解决上述技术问题而提供基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法,该生成方法的步骤如下:
1).根据区域配电网的电气拓扑建立支路-节点表,找出支路与节点的关系以及支路上的测点情况;
2).根据上述支路-节点表,查找包含有两个测点的支路,将每条支路上的两个测点保存至每条支路所对应的广义节点差动保护测点动作集合,以形成支路差动广义节点;
3).根据支路-节点表查找每个节点的关联量测支路编号,并将结果保存至每个节点对应的广义节点集合数组,以形成节点差动广义节点;
4).寻找与各测点相连的广义节点,将各测点所在的各广义节点编号到后备广义节点集合,以形成后备差动广义节点。
所述的步骤3)的步骤如下:
a.根据支路节点关联数组内容,形成节点-支路关联数据表,存储每一个节点连接的所有交流支路编号;
b.基于节点-支路关联数据表,对每一节点进行处理;
c.判断节点是否有注入电流,有则把该节点保存至对应的广义节点差动保护门限集合中;
d.读取与该节点相连的关联支路编号,根据支路编号,在输入数据的支路-节点表中查询支路的量测标志,如果该支路配置量测,将支路测点作为节点的一个广义节点测点,存入广义节点差动保护测点动作集合,否则,若某条支路没有测点,则读取该条支路的另外一端的节点编号,返回步骤c继续执行;
e.重复上述步骤查找每个节点的关联量测支路编号,并将结果保存至每个节点对应的广义节点集合数组,以得到所有节点的广义节点差动保护元件。
在寻找广义节点过程中,若包含有支路,则查看支路是否为电缆线,如果是则要考虑其充电电容引起的漏电流,并把漏电流加到广义节点差动保护的门限集合里。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过根据输入的反应配电网电气拓扑的支路节点关联数据表,循环使用深度优先搜索方法生成若干广义节点差动保护元件(或称差动保护对象)及后备差动保护元件。本发明可实现配电网系统故障的准确定位、快速隔离,减少了非故障线路的停电几率,缩小停电范围,实现配电网的快速重构及自愈,同时解决分布式接入系统对配电网保护的影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明中电流差动广义节点的三种类型结构图;
图2是区域配电网集中式保护系统构造图;
图3是本发明实施例中包含节点I的广义节点生成方法流程图;
图4是本发明实施例中电气拓扑及期望的广义节点生成图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
电流差动广义节点:满足基尔霍夫电流定律的封闭曲面包围的电路。任意一个封闭面里包含的所有节点和支路(即母线和线路)可构成一个广义节点。配电网的特点之一就是供电线路区段首端或尾端不一定设置电流互感器,即没有测点,如图1中支路L2的首端没有测点。
首先,定义电流差动保护广义节点的三种类型,如图1所示,包括支路差动、节点差动和广义节点差动,支路差动和节点差动属于广义节点差动的一个特例。其中支路差动是由于支路两端均配置了量测所形成的一个不包含节点的广义节点差动保护,如图1中的GN3,就是因为支路L3两端均配置了量测Z1和Z4;节点差动将与节点相连的所有支路,图1中与节点1相连的所有支路都配置了量测,形成广义节点GN1差动保护;广义节点差动,图1所示广义节点GN2中包含了支路和两个节点。实际上,从选择性和可靠性角度,配置三种保护:差动保护、后备差动保护和断路器失灵后备保,图1中当GN1差动保护失灵,后备广义节点GN2差动保护作为广义节点GN1的后备保护而动作;GN1内部短路,测点Z3对应的断路器正常动作,而测点Z1所对应的断路器拒动,为了使了使故障影响面积最少,只需Z3、Z4断路器动作,即后备广义节点GN3作为广义节点GN1的后备保护动作,使故障影响范围最少,可见,同一个广义节点差动保护不同测点故障时后备保护是不同的,后备保护应针对测点而进行,广义节点差动保护的后备保护就是寻找各测点的后备广义节点差动保护,该后备广义节点由与测点相连的两个广义节点构成。
广义节点差动保护元件的生成方法就是根据输入的反应配电网电气拓扑的支路节点关联数据表,循环使用深度优先搜索方法生成若干广义节点差动保护元件(或称差动保护对象)及后备差动保护元件,其具体过程如下:
1.对于支路差动(对应于两端都有量测的支路短路故障跳闸范围),基于输入的支路节点关联数据表,即在输入数据的支路节点表中查询该支路L的量测标志,如果两端都有量测,把这两个测点保存至该支路对应的广义节点差动保护测点动作集合。
2.对于节点差动
①首先根据支路-节点关联数组内容,形成节点-支路关联数据表,存储节点连接的所有交流支路编号;
②基于节点-支路关联数据表,对每一节点进行处理;
③判断该节点是否有注入电流,有则把该节点保存至对应得广义节点差动保护门限集合中;
④读取与节点I相连的第一条关联支路编号,根据支路编号,在输入数据的支路-节点表中查询该支路的量测标志,如果该条支路配置量测,将支路测点作为节点I的一个广义节点测点,存入广义节点差动保护测点动作集合,继续寻找其他支路,如果节点I所连支路均有量测,表明节点I对应的广义节点所包含的支路已经确定,并将其连接的所有支路测点输出到节点I对应的广义节点的存入广义节点差动保护测点集合,否则,若某一条支路没有测点,则读取该条支路的另外一端的节点编号J,返回步骤③继续执行。
循环使用深度优先搜索方法,查找每个节点的关联量测支路编号,并将结果保存至每个节点对应的广义节点集合数组。
另外,在广义节点中,若包含有支路,则查看支路是否为电缆线,如果是则要考虑其充电电容引起的漏电流,把漏电流加到广义节点差动保护的门限集合里。同时,在寻找广义节点测点的过程中,记录各各广义节点编号到后备广义节点集合,测点所在搜索包含节点I的广义节点算法如流程图3所示。
算例:以图4所示系统为例说明上述算法。节点1和节点3是发电机节点,节点6是负荷节点,支路6电缆线路充电电容较大,已知支路数据如表1所示,测量标志:0-无量测,1-有量测;开断标志:0-断开,1-闭合。节点数据如表2所示:注入电流标志:0-无注入电流,1-有注入电流。
表1:支路-节点表(0-无量测,1-有量测,0-断开,1-闭合)
表2:节点表:(0-无注入电流,1-有注入电流,0-无量测,1-有量测,0-断开,1-闭合)
节点号 注入电流标志 量测标志 开断标志 最大注入电流 实际电流
1 1 1 1 3 10
2 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 1 3 10
4 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0
6 1 1 1 -1 -5
7 0 0 0 0 0
输出量广义节点表如表3所示,广义节点GN2支路电流和为5.0,这是从支路L1和L3流进广义节点的电流和。该电流大于门限电流-8.0,说明广义节点GN2的保护区域内发生短路。门限电流-8.0是电源节点3的电流-10.0和电缆线支路L6的电流2.0的和,流出为正,流进为负,
表3:广义节点
Figure GDA0000434707590000051
后备保护情况见表4,广义节点GN2的测点位于支路1的尾端和支路3的首端,可见其后备分别是广义节点GN5和广义节点GN3
表4:后备保护:
Figure GDA0000434707590000052
从上述实施例中可知,已知测点的电流值、节点的注入电流值和系统结构,可以根据广义节点差动保护算法找到故障区域需要切除的线路及各断路器拒动拒动情况下的后备保护,起到保护电网故障切除作用。
以上实施算例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方法,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (2)

1.基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法,其特征在于:该生成方法的步骤如下:
1).根据区域配电网的电气拓扑建立支路-节点表,找出支路与节点的关系以及支路上的测点情况;
2).根据上述支路-节点表,查找包含有两个测点的支路,将每条支路上的两个测点保存至每条支路所对应的广义节点差动保护测点动作集合,以形成支路差动广义节点;
3).根据支路-节点表查找每个节点的关联量测支路编号,并将结果保存至每个节点对应的广义节点集合数组,以形成节点差动广义节点;
4).寻找与各测点相连的广义节点,将各测点所在的各广义节点编号到后备广义节点集合,以形成后备差动广义节点;
所述的步骤3)的步骤如下:
a.根据支路节点关联数组内容,形成节点-支路关联数据表,存储每一个节点连接的所有交流支路编号;
b.基于节点-支路关联数据表,对每一节点进行处理;
c.判断节点是否有注入电流,有则把该节点保存至对应的广义节点差动保护门限集合中;
d.读取与该节点相连的关联支路编号,根据支路编号,在输入数据的支路-节点表中查询支路的量测标志,如果该支路配置量测,将支路测点作为节点的一个广义节点测点,存入广义节点差动保护测点动作集合,否则,若某条支路没有测点,则读取该条支路的另外一端的节点编号,返回步骤c继续执行;
e.重复上述步骤查找每个节点的关联量测支路编号,并将结果保存至每个节点对应的广义节点集合数组,以得到所有节点的广义节点差动保护元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于区域配网电气拓扑的电流差动保护广义节点生成方法,其特征在于:在寻找广义节点过程中,若包含有支路,则查看支路是否为电缆线,如果是则要考虑其充电电容引起的漏电流,并把漏电流加到广义节点差动保护的门限集合里。
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