CN102620534B - Low melting point alloy phase change heat storage device applied to solar dryer - Google Patents
Low melting point alloy phase change heat storage device applied to solar dryer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种应用于太阳能干燥器的低熔点合金相变蓄热装置。一种应用于太阳能干燥器的低熔点合金相变蓄热装置，其特征在于它包括干燥室箱体、抽拉式盛料盒、储热块和上下滑动式保温门；干燥室箱体的干燥空间内设有2－100个储热块，储热块边缘部分以保温砌块为支撑与干燥室箱体固定；抽拉式盛料盒位于上下储热块之间，并与下储热块接触，抽拉式盛料盒内盛装干燥样品；储热块由储热材料盛装容器、储热材料、导热管和导热油组成；储热材料盛装容器内封装有蓄热材料；储热材料盛装容器内设有导热管；储热材料盛装容器内壁与导热管外壁间封装有储热材料，导热管内的传热介质为导热油。本发明具有进出料方便、安全可靠且干燥效率高的特点。
The invention relates to a low melting point alloy phase change thermal storage device applied to a solar dryer. A low-melting-point alloy phase-change heat storage device applied to a solar dryer, characterized in that it includes a drying chamber box, a pull-out material box, a heat storage block, and an up and down sliding heat preservation door; the drying of the drying chamber box There are 2-100 heat storage blocks in the space, and the edge part of the heat storage block is supported by the heat preservation block and fixed to the box of the drying room; the pull-out material box is located between the upper and lower heat storage blocks, Contact, pull-out material box contains dry samples; heat storage block is composed of heat storage material container, heat storage material, heat pipe and heat transfer oil; heat storage material container is packaged with heat storage material; heat storage material is packed The container is provided with a heat pipe; the heat storage material is sealed between the inner wall of the heat storage material container and the outer wall of the heat pipe, and the heat transfer medium in the heat pipe is heat transfer oil. The invention has the characteristics of convenient feeding and discharging, safety and reliability, and high drying efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer.
Background technology
Solar energy drying is human use's solar energy a kind of form with the longest history, most widely used.Tradition solar energy drying is to push away solarization under food and agricultural byproducts are placed directly in to the sun, belongs to passive type and is dried.There is many drawbacks in this outdoor natural drying method: efficiency is low, cycle is long, and floor space is large, is subject to the impact of the weather conditions such as shower, intermittent drizzles in the rainy season, also be subject to the pollution of dust storm, dust, fly, worm ant etc., be difficult to ensure to be dried the quality of food and agricultural byproducts.
For the more effective solar radiation energy that utilizes carrys out dried material, people, in conjunction with solar energy resources and the weather conditions of various places, design and have built the solar dryer of various types according to the drying property of material.Solar dryer is that solar energy is converted to heat energy to add thermal material and to make it finally reach drying purpose, and the air heating by solar heat collector carries out heat convection, by dry materials.According to incompletely statistics, totally way 15000m2 of all kinds of solar dryers installs in China.
Patent " solar dryer " (ZL200920041774.3), " vegetable and fruit solar cooking dehydrates device " (ZL200920024995.X), " solar energy highly effective simple drier " (CN101149211A) etc. disclose serial solar dryer, drying efficiency is high." mobile solar drier " (ZL200620021003.4) proposes a kind of mobile solar drier, can move easily and need dried material place.But obvious feature of solar radiation be subject to round the clock, the regular impact changing such as season, and the restriction of the enchancement factor such as rain or shine sexual intercourse.Above-mentioned solar dryer all can not ensure the continuous and steady operation of solar energy drying.Therefore, the research of heat storage type drying device is needed further to be carried out.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer, it has the advantages that input and output material is convenient, safe and reliable and heat exchange efficiency is high.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer, is characterized in that it comprises hothouse casing, drawing and pulling type charge box, heat storage blocks and slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door; In the dry place of hothouse casing, be provided with 2-100 heat storage blocks, heat storage blocks marginal portion is fixed as supporting with hothouse casing taking insulation blocks; Drawing and pulling type charge box, between upper and lower heat storage blocks (between adjacent heat storage blocks), and contact the interior splendid attire drying sample of drawing and pulling type charge box with lower heat storage blocks; Limit, the left and right portion that slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door inserts in the left and right chute of hothouse casing;
Heat storage blocks is made up of heat accumulating container containing, heat accumulating, heat pipe and conduction oil; In heat accumulating container containing, be packaged with heat-storing material; In heat accumulating container containing, be provided with heat pipe, one end of heat pipe is a point oil-in, the other end of heat pipe, for a point oil-out, a point oil-in is connected with the total oil-in being located on hothouse casing, divides an oil-out to be connected with the total oil-out being located on hothouse casing; Between heat accumulating container containing inwall and heat pipe outer wall, be packaged with heat accumulating, the heat transfer medium in heat pipe is conduction oil.
Described hothouse casing is built into by insulation blocks, and steam vent is arranged at hothouse casing top, and the outside of hothouse casing is surrounded by insulation material.
Described heat accumulating is Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating (low melting point), it is prepared from by high-purity Sn, high-purity Zn and high-purity Bi, and the shared mass percent of each raw material is: high-purity Sn82～90%, high-purity Zn9～12%, high-purity Bi1～6%.
The preparation method (its preparation technology is simple, only need to utilize the method for smelting of conventional alloy) of above-mentioned Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating, it comprises the steps:
1) batching: be by the shared mass percent of each raw material: high-purity Sn82～90%, high-purity Zn9～12%, high-purity Bi1～6%, choose high-purity Sn, high-purity Zn and high-purity Bi raw material for standby; Quality purity >=99.50% of described high-purity Sn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Zn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Bi;
2) melting: high-purity Sn and high-purity Zn are packed in electric furnace and open electric furnace, be heated to 450 DEG C, be incubated 25～30 minutes, then add high-purity Bi melt, be incubated 1 hour after stirring, obtain ashbury metal liquid;
3) cast: stop heating, open electric furnace, pour ashbury metal liquid in cooling frame condensation, obtain Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating.
Described drier serviceability temperature is 100～300 DEG C.
Described hothouse casing is cuboid, and size can be adjusted as required, and full-size is 3m × 3m × 5m.
Heat storage blocks size and arrangement mode can be adjusted according to hothouse casing size, and heat storage blocks thickness is 20～50mm, and upper and lower heat storage blocks spacing is 50～200mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt said structure, its input and output material is convenient, safe and reliable and heat exchange efficiency is high.Based on low-melting-point metal element compositions such as Sn, Zn, Bi, warm heat accumulation field in being applicable to, makes up middle temperature heat accumulating thermal conductivity factor low, the deficiencies such as phase transformation poor stability.Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change temperature is within the scope of 170～250 DEG C, and its quantity of heat storage is larger, and unit volume latent heat of phase change is all higher than 450J/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is greater than 40W/(m.K), be tens times of inorganic and organic phase change material, phase transformation good stability, after more than 500 cyclic tests, phase transition temperature remains unchanged substantially, and the latent heat of phase change range of decrease is only 3% left and right, long service life, efficiency is high, can not cause environmental pollution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall appearance figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is dorsal view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 be heat storage blocks partly cut open figure.
In figure: 1-hothouse casing, 2-slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door, 3-insulation blocks, 4-heat storage blocks, 5-drawing and pulling type charge box, 6-steam vent, the total oil-in of 7-, the total oil-out of 8-, 9-divides oil-out, 10-heat pipe, 11-heat accumulating, 12-heat accumulating container containing, 13-divides oil-in.
Detailed description of the invention
For a better understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer, it comprises hothouse casing 1, drawing and pulling type charge box 5, heat storage blocks 4 and slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door 2; Hothouse casing is built into by insulation blocks 3, and steam vent 6 is arranged at hothouse casing top, and the outside of hothouse casing is surrounded by insulation material; In the dry place of hothouse casing, be provided with 50 heat storage blocks 4, heat storage blocks marginal portion is fixed as supporting with hothouse casing taking insulation blocks; Drawing and pulling type charge box, between upper and lower heat storage blocks, and contact the interior splendid attire drying sample of drawing and pulling type charge box with lower heat storage blocks; Limit, the left and right portion that slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door inserts in the left and right chute of hothouse casing;
Heat storage blocks is made up of heat accumulating container containing 12, heat accumulating 11, heat pipe 10 and conduction oil; In heat accumulating container containing, be packaged with heat-storing material; In heat accumulating container containing, be provided with heat pipe, one end of heat pipe is a point oil-in 13, the other end of heat pipe, for a point oil-out 9, a point oil-in 13 is connected with the total oil-in 7 being located on hothouse casing, divides an oil-out 9 to be connected with the total oil-out 8 being located on hothouse casing; Between heat accumulating container containing inwall and heat pipe outer wall, be packaged with heat accumulating 11, the heat transfer medium in heat pipe is conduction oil.
When low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit heat accumulation, high temperature heat conductive oil through solar thermal collector heating is entered to point oil-in of heat storage blocks from total oil-in shunting, by the high temperature heat conductive oil heating heat accumulating in heat transfer medium conveyance conduit, before heat accumulating fusing, by the mode heat accumulation with sensible heat, in the time that temperature reaches its fusing point, heat accumulating starts fusing the mode storing heat with latent heat of phase change.In the time that solar energy weakens or need to utilize heat energy, enter heat accumulation chamber by conduction oil, because heat accumulating is in molten state, thereby therefore heat accumulating will be emitted latent heat of phase change by heat exchange and be added hot-air and heat energy is released and utilizes, in the time that liquid phase-change heat accumulating is cooled to phase transition temperature, the crystallization of liquid phase-change heat accumulating becomes solid-state, emits latent heat of phase change simultaneously, in lacking solar radiation, plays desiccation.
Described hothouse casing (or claiming heat accumulation chamber body) is built into by normal silicate insulation blocks, and outer wall is enclosed with heat-insulation layer, and insulation material can adopt aluminosilicate refractory fiber or aluminosilicate refractory fiber and mineral wool board combination insulation material; Described slidingtype thermal insulating door thermally insulated door can adopt common warming plate preparation; Described heat transfer medium is synthetic conduction oil (L-QC320).
Described heat storage blocks apparent size is 3000 × 3000 × 25mm, and upper and lower heat storage blocks spacing is 60mm, and in dry place, heat storage blocks consumption is 50; Drawing and pulling type charge box, heat accumulating container containing adopt general steel plate to be prepared from, and thickness is 2mm; Heat pipe is common steel tube, and specification is DN15-Φ 18mm.
Heat storage blocks use time, first heat pipe is positioned in heat accumulating container containing, be connected and fixed with heat accumulating container containing, then low-melting alloy heat accumulating is made to aluminium alloy, direct pouring in heat accumulating container containing, finally sealed heat accumulation chamber body.To after the parallel connection of heat storage blocks oil inlet and outlet, access total oil inlet and outlet.
Described low-melting alloy heat accumulating, it is prepared from by high-purity Sn, high-purity Zn and high-purity Bi raw material, and the shared mass percent of each raw material is: high-purity Sn90%, high-purity Zn9%, high-purity Bi1%;
Quality purity >=99.50% of described high-purity Sn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Zn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Bi;
The preparation method (its preparation technology is simple, only need to utilize the method for smelting of conventional alloy) of above-mentioned Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating, it comprises the steps:
1) batching: the shared mass percent of each raw material is: high-purity Sn90%, high-purity Zn9%, high-purity Bi1%, choose high-purity Sn, high-purity Zn and high-purity Bi raw material for standby; Quality purity >=99.50% of described high-purity Sn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Zn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Bi;
2) melting: high-purity Sn and high-purity Zn are packed in electric furnace and open electric furnace, be heated to 450 DEG C, be incubated 25～30 minutes, then add high-purity Bi melt, be incubated 1 hour after stirring, obtain ashbury metal liquid;
3) cast: stop heating, open electric furnace, pour ashbury metal liquid in cooling frame condensation, obtain Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating (being Sn-9%Zn-1%Bi phase-change heat-storage material).
The unit mass latent heat that records the implementation case on differential scan calorimeter (DSC) is 69.8J/g, and phase transition temperature is 198.1～208.3 DEG C, and density is 7.31g/cm
3, unit volume latent heat of phase change is 510.2J/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 51.4W/ (m.K) (is inorganic and organic phase change material tens times).After more than 500 cyclic tests, phase transition temperature remains unchanged substantially, and the latent heat of phase change range of decrease is only 3% left and right.
The quantity of heat storage of this device between 100-300 DEG C is 1.033 × 10
7kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 2:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
Heat storage blocks apparent size is 2000 × 2000 × 30mm, and upper and lower heat storage blocks spacing is 100mm, and in dry place, heat storage blocks consumption is 30.The quantity of heat storage of this device between 100-300 DEG C is 3.305 × 10
6kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 3:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
Heat storage blocks apparent size is 1000 × 1000 × 50mm, and upper and lower heat storage blocks spacing is 200mm, and in dry place, heat storage blocks consumption is 15.The quantity of heat storage of this device between 100-300 DEG C is 6.887 × 10
5kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 4:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
The mass percent of the raw material composition of low-melting alloy phase-change heat-storage material is: high-purity Sn88%, high-purity Zn9%, high-purity Bi3%;
The unit mass latent heat that records the implementation case on differential scan calorimeter (DSC) is 67.6J/g, and phase transition temperature is 196.1～203.3 DEG C, and density is 7.33g/cm
3, unit volume latent heat latent heat is 495.5J/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 47.1W/ (m.K).After more than 500 cyclic tests, phase transition temperature remains unchanged substantially, and the latent heat of phase change range of decrease is only 3% left and right, and thermal stability is good.
This device is 1.003 × 10 the amount of stored heat of 100-300 DEG C
7kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 5:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
The mass percent of the raw material composition of Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating is: high-purity Sn84%, high-purity Zn12%, high-purity Bi4%;
The unit mass latent heat that records the implementation case on differential scan calorimeter (DSC) is 69.4J/g, and phase transition temperature is 181.8～196.3 DEG C, and density is 7.28g/cm
3, unit volume latent heat latent heat is 505.2J/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 45.5W/ (m.K).After more than 500 cyclic tests, phase transition temperature remains unchanged substantially, and the latent heat of phase change range of decrease is only 3% left and right, and thermal stability is good.
This device is 1.023 × 10 the amount of stored heat of 100-300 DEG C
7kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 6:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
The mass percent of the raw material composition of Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating is: high-purity Sn82%, high-purity Zn12%, high-purity Bi6%;
The unit mass latent heat that records the implementation case on differential scan calorimeter (DSC) is 65.5J/g, and phase transition temperature is 175.8～192.3 DEG C, and density is 7.38g/cm
3, unit volume latent heat latent heat is 483.4J/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 40.8W/ (m.K).After more than 500 cyclic tests, phase transition temperature remains unchanged substantially, and the latent heat of phase change range of decrease is only 3% left and right, and thermal stability is good.
This device is 9.78 × 10 the amount of stored heat of 100-300 DEG C
6kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 7:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
Heat storage blocks apparent size is 1000 × 1000 × 20mm, and in dry place, heat storage blocks consumption is 2.The quantity of heat storage of this device between 100-300 DEG C is 6.887 × 10
5kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Embodiment 8:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
Heat storage blocks apparent size is 3m × 3m × 5m, and in dry place, heat storage blocks consumption is 100.The quantity of heat storage of this device between 100-300 DEG C is 6.887 × 10
5kJ, in device, heat exchanging process is abundant, reversible, and heat exchange efficiency is high.Can be used as the regenerative apparatus of solar dryer.
Claims (6)
1. be applied to a low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit for solar dryer, it is characterized in that it comprises hothouse casing (1), drawing and pulling type charge box (5), heat storage blocks (4) and slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door (2); In the dry place of hothouse casing, be provided with 2-100 heat storage blocks (4), heat storage blocks marginal portion is fixed as supporting with hothouse casing taking insulation blocks; Drawing and pulling type charge box, between upper and lower heat storage blocks, and contacts with lower heat storage blocks; Limit, the left and right portion that slides up and down formula thermal insulating door thermally insulated door inserts in the left and right chute of hothouse casing;
Heat storage blocks is made up of heat accumulating container containing (12), heat accumulating (11), heat pipe (10) and conduction oil; In heat accumulating container containing, be provided with heat pipe, one end of heat pipe is a point oil-in (13), the other end of heat pipe is a point oil-out (9), divide oil-in (13) to be connected with the total oil-in (7) being located on hothouse casing, a point oil-out (9) is connected with the total oil-out (8) being located on hothouse casing; Between heat accumulating container containing inwall and heat pipe outer wall, be packaged with heat accumulating (11), the heat transfer medium in heat pipe is conduction oil.
2. a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: hothouse casing is built into by insulation blocks (3), steam vent (6) is arranged at hothouse casing top, and the outside of hothouse casing is surrounded by insulation material.
3. a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heat accumulating is Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating, it is prepared from by high-purity Sn, high-purity Zn and high-purity Bi, and the shared mass percent of each raw material is: high-purity Sn 82～90%, high-purity Zn9～12%, high-purity Bi1～6%.
4. a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the preparation method of Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating, it comprises the steps:
1) batching: be by the shared mass percent of each raw material: high-purity Sn 82～90%, high-purity Zn9～12%, high-purity Bi1～6%, choose high-purity Sn, high-purity Zn and high-purity Bi raw material for standby; Quality purity >=99.50% of described high-purity Sn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Zn, quality purity >=99.50% of high-purity Bi;
2) melting: high-purity Sn and high-purity Zn are packed in electric furnace and open electric furnace, be heated to 450 DEG C, be incubated 25～30 minutes, then add high-purity Bi melt, be incubated 1 hour after stirring, obtain ashbury metal liquid;
3) cast: stop heating, open electric furnace, pour ashbury metal liquid in cooling frame condensation, obtain Sn-Zn-Bi alloy phase change heat accumulating.
5. a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hothouse casing is cuboid, and full-size is 3m × 3m × 5m.
6. a kind of low-melting alloy phase transition heat accumulation unit that is applied to solar dryer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: heat storage blocks size and arrangement mode are adjusted according to hothouse casing size, heat storage blocks thickness is 20～50mm, and upper and lower heat storage blocks spacing is 50～200mm.
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| CN103307860A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-09-18 | 镇江市丹徒区兴农葛根茶厂 | Radix puerariae drying device |
| CN103509987B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-06-08 | 楚盛 | A kind of low-melting point metal alloy Heat Conduction Material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108895774A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-27 | 贵州大学 | A kind of photoelectric heat coupled solar drier with heat storage function |
| CN108444238A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-08-24 | 贵州大学 | A kind of heat-storing device for drier |
| CN109297317A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-02-01 | 翁赛华 | Condensing heat-exchange device |
| CN110425840B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-04-16 | 潍坊晨禾信息科技有限公司 | Traditional chinese medicine optic fibre magnetic force drying device |
| CN113008930B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-09-23 | 北京林业大学 | Method for detecting water content change value in wood night drying process |
| CN111741646A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-10-02 | 吴德坚 | Novel integrated phase-change superconducting heat transfer super-efficient heat dissipation structure and product shell |
| CN111780605A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-16 | 醴陵陶盛信息技术有限公司 | Chromium-zirconium corundum honeycomb heat accumulator |
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| Title |
|---|
| JP特开2000-304448A 2000.11.02 |
| JP特开2005-16779A 2005.01.20 |
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| CN102620534A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
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