CN102614859A - Synthesis method of load type carbon modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst - Google Patents
Synthesis method of load type carbon modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synthesis method of a load type carbon modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst. The synthesis method comprises the following steps of mixing absolute ethanol and titanium tetrabutoxide to obtain a solution A; mixing HNO3 and absolute ethanol to obtain a solution B; adding the solution A into the solution B dropwise and adding NaOH solution dropwise to obtain titanium column brace liquid; adding cationic surfactant solution into natural bentonite solution dropwise to prepare organic modified bentonite turbid liquid; adding the titanium column brace liquid into the organic modified bentonite turbid liquid dropwise, ultrasonically oscillating and ageing to obtain powder; and calcining the powder under the vacuum condition to obtain load type carbon modified titanium dioxide. Carbon and TiO2 nanopaticles are implanted between the nano layers by utilizing the cation exchange characteristic of the bentonite to form a three-dimensional nanopore structure, so that the specific surface area of the bentonite is enlarged and the adsorption performance of the bentonite is enhanced. The TiO2 and the carbon particles are combined tightly on the surface, so that the surface photosensitivity of the TiO2 can be improved and the visible light degradability is improved. The TiO2 between the bentonite layers has nanosize, so that the nanoeffect can be exerted.
Description
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Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synthetic method of photochemical catalyst, belong to technical field of sewage in the environmental protection.
Background technology
Traditional water treatment method efficient is low, cost is high, have secondary pollution problems, the solution that waste water control can not get always.1972, A. Fujishima and K. Honda were at n type semiconductor TiO
2Found the photoelectrocatalysis decomposition of water on the electrode, TiO
2Oxidation activity is higher, and chemical stability is good, and to the human non-toxic evil, cost is low, and is pollution-free, applied range, thereby paid attention to most, be present most widely used nano-photocatalyst material, also be the environmental type catalyst that has the exploitation future most.
In numerous oxide catalysis materials, TiO
2With advantages such as its strong oxidizing property, avirulence, light and chemical stability and cheapnesss and become optimal environmental improvement catalysis material.But applying of TiO2 runs into two bottleneck problems: (1) TiO
2Energy gap is big, can only be by the ultraviolet excitation in the sunshine, and anatase TiO for example
2Energy gap Eg=3.2 eV, only can absorbing wavelength less than the light of 387 nm ultraviolet regions, lower to the utilization ratio of solar energy; (2) to TiO
2Research focus mostly in TiO
2Powder has limited TiO
2Range of application.And TiO
2The energy gap TiO through the carbon modification more greatly
2Under visible light, have absorption, the method that adopts at present is to utilize carbon or other metal-doped, and this doping obtains remains powder, in practical application, is difficult to separate.Research show (
Angew Chem,
Int Ed, 2008,
47: 9975): the TiO2 particle surface contains carbon species can realize visible light catalytic through photoactivate.General now with activated carbon surface load TiO
2This method has been improved the absorption property of material and certain visible light catalysis activity has been arranged, but because load capacity is low, combines defective tightness between titanium and the carbon, causes efficient lower.It is the carbon modification TiO of carbon source with phenolic resins that research is arranged
2As visible-light photocatalyst degraded methyl orange (catalysis journal, 2011,32 (4): 699-703), but the TiO in this method
2Decentralization is not high in material with carbon element, and treatment effeciency is lower.
Bentonite be a kind of be the clay rock of essential mineral with the montmorillonite.The architectural feature of montmorillonite is a kind of moisture layer aluminosilicate mineral, forms by aluminium of two silicon-oxy tetrahedron therebetween (magnesium) oxygen (hydrogen-oxygen) are octahedra, belongs to the three-layer clay mineral of 2:1 type.Distance between crystal layer is 0.96~2.14nm, and these nanometer sheet stack layer by layer, forms the clay particle that the hundreds of nanometer arrives several microns, and between bentonite bed, having can exchange cation.Bentonite has more application aspect water treatment, but only is confined to adsorption treatment, and itself does not have catalytic capability.But the nano-lamellar structure of bentonite stratiform is good catalytic carrier, between bentonite bed, carries out TiO
2The carbon modification, can make carbon and TiO
2Combine closely, its combination belongs to the combination of nano particle, and decentralization is high, can obtain photocatalysis effect preferably, in addition the TiO of the carbon modification of alta-mud load
2Be easy to from water, separate.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the deficiency to prior art, propose a kind of synthetic method of load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide, this method is with TiO
2Load between bentonite bed, not only can keep its nano effect but also can be beneficial to precipitate and separate.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is to implement as follows:
1) the pillared liquid of preparation titanium: the absolute ethyl alcohol of 60 ~ 80ml and the tetrabutyl titanate of 40 ~ 45 ml are mixed, and magnetic agitation 20 ~ 30 min obtain faint yellow settled solution A; HNO with the 1mol/L of 96 ~ 100 ml
3Mix with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 100 ~ 105 ml, obtain solution B; Solution A is added drop-wise in the solution B slowly, and vigorous stirring simultaneously drips and finishes continued and stir 30min, drips the NaOH solution of 0.1 ~ 1 mol/L then, makes NaOH and HNO
3Mol ratio be 1:3, drip to finish continue stir 30min and promptly obtain the pillared liquid of titanium.
2) preparation organic modified bentonite suspension: the natural montmorillonite that 10 ~ 15 g are ground adds distilled water and is made into 2% solution; Soak 10 ~ 12 h; Dripping concentration while stirring is long chain type cationic surfactant or the short chain type cationic surfactant solution of 1 ~ 10 g/L, and the cationic surfactant total amount is 0.4 ~ 0.9 times of corresponding bentonite cation exchange capacity, drips to finish continued stirring 1 ~ 1.5 h; Leave standstill a period of time subsequently; Remove supernatant then, add a certain amount of distilled water flushing again 2 ~ 3 times, clean end back adding distilled water and process the organic modified bentonite suspension that concentration is 100 ~ 200 g/L.
3) the pillared drop of said titanium of getting 150 ~ 200 ml is added in the said organic modified bentonite suspension; Use agitator vigorous stirring solution; Be added dropwise to complete continued and stir 2 ~ 3h; Then behind sonic oscillation 5 ~ 15min under room temperature aging 24h, with the distilled water washing for several times, sediment is put into 70 ~ 80 ℃ air dry oven dries; The powder that obtains is calcined 4 ~ 5h under vacuum condition; The surfactant carbonization of calcining back, polymerization hydroxyl titanium ion becomes titanium oxide, and the black powder that obtains is the load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention utilizes bentonitic cation exchange properties, between its nanometer lamella, implants carbon and TiO
2Nano particle forms the three-dimensional manometer pore structure, enlarges bentonitic specific area, increases its absorption property.
2, TiO of the present invention
2Combine closely with the carbon granule surface, the interaction between the metal nano-particle, decentralization is high, can increase TiO
2Surperficial photosensitive property, promote its visible light degradation property.
3, because the TiO between bentonite bed
2Be nanoscale, still can bring into play nano effect,, can not reunite between nano particle, and from water, separate easily because bentonitic load effect is arranged.
The specific embodiment
The absolute ethyl alcohol (analyzing pure) of 60 ~ 80ml and the tetrabutyl titanate (analyzing pure) of 40 ~ 45 ml are mixed, and magnetic agitation 20 ~ 30 min obtain faint yellow settled solution A; The nitric acid of the 1mol/L of 96 ~ 100 ml is mixed with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 100 ~ 105 ml, obtain solution B; Solution A is added drop-wise in the solution B slowly, and vigorous stirring simultaneously drips and finishes continued and stir 30min, in system, drips the NaOH solution of 0.1 ~ 1 mol/L then, makes NaOH and HNO
3Mol ratio be 1:3, drip to finish continue stir 30min and promptly prepare the pillared liquid of titanium.Mainly containing two-step reaction in this process, at first is hydrolysis, secondly is polycondensation reaction, finally generates polymerization hydroxyl titanium ion, and this polymerization hydroxyl titanium ion is a cation, can get between bentonite bed through cation exchange.
Take by weighing the natural montmorillonite that 10 ~ 15 g grind, add a certain amount of distilled water, be made into 2% solution; Soak 10 ~ 12 h, drip long chain type cationic surfactant or short chain type cationic surfactant solution then while stirring, surfactant solution concentration is 1 ~ 10 g/L; Used cationic surfactant total amount is 0.4 ~ 0.9 times of corresponding bentonite cation exchange capacity, drips to finish continued stirring 1 ~ 1.5 h, leaves standstill a period of time subsequently; Remove supernatant then; Add a certain amount of distilled water again and wash, repeat 2 ~ 3 times, clean end back adding distilled water and process the organic modified bentonite suspension; Its concentration is 100 ~ 200 g/L, and is subsequent use.Be to utilize bentonitic cation exchange properties in this process, cationic surface active agent is exchanged between bentonite bed.The long chain type cationic surfactant is that the alkyl carbon number is at 12 above cationic surfactants, like cetab.Short chain type cationic surfactant is that the alkyl carbon number is at 10 following cationic surfactants, like tetramethylammonium bromide.
The pillared drop of titanium of getting 150 ~ 200 ml is added to by in 10 ~ 15 g natural montmorillonite prepared organic modified alta-mud suspensions; Use agitator vigorous stirring solution simultaneously; Be added dropwise to complete continued and stir 2 ~ 3h; Adopt behind sonic oscillation 5 ~ 15min of 28 ~ 40kHz, 200 ~ 1200w aging 24h under room temperature then, with the distilled water washing for several times, sediment is put into 70 ~ 80 ℃ air dry oven dries.This process is that the polymerization hydroxyl titanium ion that utilizes bentonitic cation exchange property to prepare before exchanges between bentonite bed.The powder that obtains is calcined 4 ~ 5h respectively under vacuum, 450 ~ 500 ℃ of conditions, through the carbonization under vacuum of calcining surfactant, polymerization hydroxyl titanium ion becomes titanium oxide, obtains black powder and is the load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide.
3 embodiment of the present invention below are provided:
Embodiment 1
The absolute ethyl alcohol (analyzing pure) of 60 ml and the tetrabutyl titanate (analyzing pure) of 40 ml are mixed, and magnetic agitation 30 min obtain faint yellow settled solution A; The nitric acid of the 1mol/L of 96 ml is mixed with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 100 ml, obtain solution B; Solution A is added drop-wise in the solution B slowly, and vigorous stirring simultaneously drips and finishes continued and stir 30min, in solution, drips the NaOH solution of 0.1 mol/L then, makes n (NaOH): n (HNO
3)=1:3 drips end continuation stirring 30min and promptly obtains the pillared liquid of titanium; Take by weighing the natural montmorillonite that 10 g grind, add a certain amount of distilled water, be made into 2% solution; Soak 10 h, drip cetab solution then while stirring, the cetab solution concentration is 1 g/L; Used cationic surfactant total amount is 0.4 times of corresponding bentonite cation exchange capacity, drips the end continued and stirs 1 h, leaves standstill a period of time subsequently; Remove supernatant then; Add a certain amount of distilled water again and wash, repeat 3 times, it is subsequent use that cleaning end back adding distilled water is processed 100 g/L organobentonite suspensions; The pillared drop of titanium of getting 200 ml is added in the organobentonite suspension that is made by the 10g natural montmorillonite; Use agitator vigorous stirring solution simultaneously; Be added dropwise to complete continued and stir 2 h, then at 28 kHz, 24h wears out under room temperature behind the ultrasonic vibration down of the 1200w 15min; Distilled water washing for several times, sediment is put into 80 ℃ air dry oven dries; The powder that obtains is calcined 5h respectively under vacuum, 500 ℃ of conditions, obtain black powder and be the load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide.
The catalyst 0.5g that obtains is joined in the Orange II waste water that 500 mL concentration are 50mg/L, under the irradiation of 500w Metal halogen lamp, react 3 h, percent of decolourization is 95%, explains that visible light can excite TiO
2Catalytic reaction oxidation removal pollutant.
Embodiment 2
The absolute ethyl alcohol (analyzing pure) of 80ml and the tetrabutyl titanate (analyzing pure) of 45 ml are mixed, and magnetic agitation 30 min obtain faint yellow settled solution A; The nitric acid of the 1mol/L of 100 ml is mixed with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 105 ml, obtain solution B; Solution A is added drop-wise in the solution B slowly, and vigorous stirring simultaneously drips and finishes continued and stir 30min, in solution, drips 1 mol/L NaOH solution then, makes n (NaOH): n (HNO
3)=1:3 drips end continuation stirring 30min and promptly obtains the pillared liquid of titanium; Take by weighing the natural montmorillonite that 15 g grind, add a certain amount of distilled water, be made into 2% solution; Soak 10 ~ 12 h, drip tetramethylammonium bromide solution then while stirring, the tetramethylammonium bromide solution concentration is 10 g/L; Used cationic surfactant total amount is 0.9 times of corresponding bentonite cation exchange capacity, drips the end continued and stirs 1.5 h, leaves standstill a period of time subsequently; Remove supernatant then; Add a certain amount of distilled water again and wash, repeat 3 times, it is subsequent use that cleaning end back adding distilled water is processed 200 g/L organobentonite suspensions; The pillared drop of titanium of getting 200 ml is added in the organobentonite suspension that is made by the 15g natural montmorillonite; Use agitator vigorous stirring solution simultaneously; Be added dropwise to complete continued and stir 3h; Then behind 40kHz, the 200 w sonic oscillation 15min under room temperature aging 24h, the distilled water washing for several times, sediment is put into 80 ℃ air dry oven dries; The powder that obtains is calcined 4 h respectively under vacuum, 450 ℃ of conditions, obtain black powder and be the load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide.
The catalyst 0.5g that obtains is joined in the Orange II waste water that 500 mL concentration are 50mg/L, under the irradiation of 500w Metal halogen lamp, react 3 h, percent of decolourization is 96%, explains that visible light can excite TiO
2Catalytic reaction oxidation removal pollutant.
Embodiment 3
The absolute ethyl alcohol (analyzing pure) of 70ml and the tetrabutyl titanate (analyzing pure) of 42 ml are mixed, and magnetic agitation 25 min obtain faint yellow settled solution A; The nitric acid of the 1mol/L of 98 ml is mixed with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 102 ml, obtain solution B; Solution A is added drop-wise in the solution B slowly, and vigorous stirring simultaneously drips and finishes continued and stir 30min, in solution, drips 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution then, makes n (NaOH): n (HNO
3)=1:3 drips end continuation stirring 30min and promptly obtains the pillared liquid of titanium; Take by weighing the natural montmorillonite that 12 g grind, add a certain amount of distilled water, be made into 2% solution; Soak 11 h, drip bromination dodecyl trimethylammonium solution then while stirring, bromination dodecyl trimethylammonium solution concentration is 8 g/L; Used cationic surfactant total amount is 0.7 times of corresponding bentonite cation exchange capacity, drips the end continued and stirs 1 h, leaves standstill a period of time subsequently; Remove supernatant then; Add a certain amount of distilled water again and wash, repeat 2 times, it is subsequent use that cleaning end back adding distilled water is processed 150 g/L organobentonite suspensions; The pillared drop of titanium of getting 180 ml is added in the organobentonite suspension that is made by the 12g natural montmorillonite; Use agitator vigorous stirring solution simultaneously; Be added dropwise to complete continued and stir 2 h; Then behind 28 kHz, 800w sonic oscillation 10 min under room temperature aging 24h, the distilled water washing for several times, sediment is put into 75 ℃ air dry oven dries; The powder that obtains is calcined 5 h respectively under vacuum, 480 ℃ of conditions, obtain black powder and be the load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide.
The catalyst 0.5g that obtains is joined in the Orange II waste water that 500 mL concentration are 50mg/L, under solar light irradiation, react 3 h, percent of decolourization is 87%, explains that visible light can excite TiO
2Catalytic reaction oxidation removal pollutant.
Claims (1)
1. the synthetic method of a load type carbon modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst is characterized in that adopting following steps:
1) the pillared liquid of preparation titanium: the absolute ethyl alcohol of 60 ~ 80ml and the tetrabutyl titanate of 40 ~ 45 ml are mixed, and magnetic agitation 20 ~ 30 min obtain faint yellow settled solution A; HNO with the 1mol/L of 96 ~ 100 ml
3Mix with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 100 ~ 105 ml, obtain solution B; Solution A is added drop-wise in the solution B slowly, and vigorous stirring simultaneously drips and finishes continued and stir 30min, drips the NaOH solution of 0.1 ~ 1 mol/L then, makes NaOH and HNO
3Mol ratio be 1:3, drip to finish continue stir 30min and promptly obtain the pillared liquid of titanium;
2) preparation organic modified bentonite suspension: the natural montmorillonite that 10 ~ 15 g are ground adds distilled water and is made into 2% solution; Soak 10 ~ 12 h; Dripping concentration while stirring is long chain type cationic surfactant or the short chain type cationic surfactant solution of 1 ~ 10 g/L, and the cationic surfactant total amount is 0.4 ~ 0.9 times of corresponding bentonite cation exchange capacity, drips to finish continued stirring 1 ~ 1.5 h; Leave standstill a period of time subsequently; Remove supernatant then, add a certain amount of distilled water flushing again 2 ~ 3 times, clean end back adding distilled water and process the organic modified bentonite suspension that concentration is 100 ~ 200 g/L;
3) the pillared drop of said titanium of getting 150 ~ 200 ml is added in the said organic modified bentonite suspension; Use agitator vigorous stirring solution; Be added dropwise to complete continued and stir 2 ~ 3h; Then behind sonic oscillation 5 ~ 15min under room temperature aging 24h, with the distilled water washing for several times, sediment is put into 70 ~ 80 ℃ air dry oven dries; The powder that obtains is calcined 4 ~ 5h under vacuum condition; The surfactant carbonization of calcining back, polymerization hydroxyl titanium ion becomes titanium oxide, and the black powder that obtains is the load type carbon modifying titanium dioxide.
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CN103288167A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-09-11 | 湖南大学 | A method for pretreatment of landfill leachate through combination of organic bentonite and TiO2 |
CN104549198A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-04-29 | 华文蔚 | Preparation method of TiO2 catalyst |
CN105195124A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-30 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Preparation method and application of photocatalyst capable of removing refractory organic matters |
CN106040248A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-26 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing load type ternary metal oxide catalyst |
CN106040242A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-26 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing bentonite-based porous material loaded cobalt oxide catalysts |
CN106040229A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-26 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing load manganese dioxide catalyst |
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CN106040242B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2018-12-28 | 常州大学 | A kind of preparation method of bentonite base porous material loading cobalt oxide catalyst |
CN106076341B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2018-12-28 | 常州大学 | A kind of preparation method of porous material loading nickel oxide catalyst |
CN106076310B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2019-01-25 | 常州大学 | It is a kind of for handling the preparation method of the load-type zirconium oxide of exhaust gas |
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