CN102610862A - Preparation method for lithium battery taking polypyrrole-coated magnesium borate as anode material - Google Patents
Preparation method for lithium battery taking polypyrrole-coated magnesium borate as anode material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to lithium battery preparation and aims to provide a preparation method for a lithium battery taking polypyrrole-coated magnesium borate as an anode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: respectively mixing and grinding N-methylpyrrolidone solution prepared from the polypyrrole-coated magnesium borate, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N-methylpyrrolidone solution prepared from a lithium ion battery cathode material, the acetylene black and the PVDF; blending into a paste, and then, coating the paste to a copper film; drying the paste in the shade, and then performing compression moulding to obtain a cathode and an anode; and injecting electrolyte to obtain the lithium battery, wherein the electrolyte is characterized in that LiPF6 is taken as a solute, and a mixture of ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid and dimethyl carbonate is taken as a solvent. According to the preparation method for the lithium battery taking the polypyrrole-coated magnesium borate as the anode material, a high-capacity lithium ion battery anode material is formed by utilizing the characteristic of high lithium storage specific capacity of MgB2. The lithium battery has the advantages of high heat stability and good electrical conductivity, and thereby, the electrochemical dynamics performance of the cathode is improved, the electrode polarization is reduced, the speed capacity of the lithium battery is increased, and the potential of the cathode is smooth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of lithium ion battery negative material and lithium ion battery thereof, particularly polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium and as the preparation method of the lithium ion battery of negative material.
Background technology
In light weight, advantages such as capacity big, memory-less effect that lithium ion battery has, thereby obtained widespread usage.Present many digital equipments have all adopted lithium ion battery to make power supply.The energy density of lithium ion battery is very high, and its capacity is 1.5～2 times with the Ni-MH battery of weight, and to have very low self-discharge rate, do not contain advantages such as Toxic matter be the major reason of its extensive use.It is negative pole that people such as nineteen ninety Japan Nagoura are developed into the petroleum coke, with LiCoO
2Lithium ion battery for positive pole: LiC
6| LiClO
4-PC+EC|LiCoO
2The same year.Moli and sony two macrocell companies declare that with releasing with carbon be the lithium ion battery of negative pole.1991, it was the lithium ion battery of negative pole with glycan alcohol RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON (PFA) that Sony energy technology company and battery portion have developed jointly a kind of.Lithium ion battery negative material has graphite (C
6), sulfide: TiS
2, NbS
2, oxide: WO
3, V
2O
5, SnO
2Deng.With the graphite cathode material is example, negative reaction in the charge and discharge process:
C
6+xLi
++xe＝＝Li
xC
6
When battery is charged, there is lithium ion to generate on the positive pole of battery, the lithium ion of generation arrives negative pole through electrolyte movement.And be layer structure as the graphite of negative pole, and it has a lot of micropores, and the lithium ion that arrives negative pole just is embedded in the micropore of carbon-coating, forms lithium intercalation compound (Li
xC
6), the lithium ion of embedding is many more, and charging capacity is high more.When battery was discharged, the lithium ion that is embedded in the graphite linings was deviate from, and positive pole is got back in motion again.It is many more to get back to anodal lithium ion, and discharge capacity is high more.
Negative material as lithium battery must be to possess following requirement: (1) lithium storage capacity is high; (2) embedding of lithium in negative material, to take off the embedding reaction fast, and promptly the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in solid phase is big, and the mobile impedance of separating the liquid interface at electrode-electric is little; (3) existence of lithium ion in electrode material is stable; (4) in the charge and discharge cycles of battery, the negative material change in volume is little; (5) electron conduction is high; (6) negative material does not dissolve in electrolyte.
The selection of negative material has very big influence to the performance of battery.Cathode of lithium battery research and development at present mainly concentrates on material with carbon element and the metal oxide with special construction.The most frequently used is graphite electrode, because graphitic conductive is good, degree of crystallinity is higher, has good layer structure, is fit to the embedding-Tuo embedding of lithium.And its slotting lithium current potential is low and smooth, can be lithium ion battery high operating voltage stably is provided, and is roughly: (vs.Li between 0.00～0.20V
+/ Li).Japanese honda company utilizes the thermal decomposition product PPP-700 (with PPP to 700 ℃ of certain firing rate heating, and the thermal decomposition product that obtains of insulation certain hour) of poly-phenylene vinylene (ppv) (Polyparaphenylene-PPP), and as negative pole, reversible capacity can surpass LiC
6(372mAh g
-1).
Boronation magnesium (MgB
2) be a kind of ionic compound, crystal structure belongs to hexagonal crystal system.It is a kind of intercal type compound, and magnesium layer and boron layer are alternately arranged.Slightly can change superconductor in temperature near absolute temperature 40K (being equivalent to-233 ℃).Its transition temperature is almost up to the twice of other superconductors of the same type, and its actual work temperature is 20～30K.At superconducting magnet, power transmission line and sensitive aspects such as magnetic field detector potential application foreground is arranged.
Polypyrrole is research and uses more a kind of heterocycle conjugated type conducting polymer, is generally unformed black solid.With pyrroles is monomer, processes conductive membrane through the method for chemical polymerization or electrochemically oxidative polymerization.The oxidant of chemical polymerization is logical can be ferric trichloride, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide solution etc.The pyrroles can be in acidic aqueous solution and multiple organic electrolyte can both the electrochemically oxidative polymerization film forming, character such as its conductivity and mechanical strength and polymerizing conditions such as electrolyte anion, solvent, pH value and temperature are closely related.Electric polypyrrole has conjugated chain oxidation, corresponding anion doped structure, and its conductivity can reach 102～103S/cm, and hot strength can reach 50～100MPa, and good electrochemical oxidation-reduction invertibity is arranged.In polymer, mainly be coupled to each other between the pyrrole structure unit with the α position, polymerization reaction can not be carried out when at the α substd.The electricity consumption chemical oxidative polymerization method can directly generate conductive membrane at electrode surface, and its conductivity can reach 102S/cm, and good stability is in polyacetylene.The oxidizing potential of polypyrrole than the low about 1V of monomer whose about, be yellow, be brown after the doping.Polypyrrole also can mix with the chemical doping method, and the back of mixing is because the introducing of counter ion has certain ionic conduction ability.Polypyrrole as as outside the occasions such as extraordinary electrode, also is used for aspects such as electronics display material except using as electric conducting material, and as the linear conjugate polymer, polypyrrole also has certain photoconductivity matter.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, provide a kind of than material with carbon element more the conductive film of height ratio capacity coat the boronation magnesium material and be the preparation method of the lithium battery of negative material with it.
Be the technical solution problem, concrete scheme of the present invention is:
Providing a kind of is the preparation method of the lithium battery of negative material with polypyrrole coating boronation magnesium, comprising:
The preparation of negative pole: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution that polypyrrole is coated boronation magnesium, acetylene black, Kynoar (PVDF) is pressed 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, is coated on the copper film after being modulated into paste; Dry in the shade the back at 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain negative pole; In N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF), the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95;
Anodal preparation: with anode material for lithium-ion batteries: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF), press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, be coated on the aluminium film after being modulated into paste; Dry in the shade the back at 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain positive pole; In N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF), the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95; Said anode material for lithium-ion batteries is LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMn
2O
4Or LiFePO
4
The assembling of battery: with the microporous polypropylene membrane is barrier film, and anodal electrode material side with negative pole is formed sandwich structure with barrier film in opposite directions, and injection electrolyte obtains lithium battery; Electrolyte is with LiPF
6Being solute, is solvent with the mixture of ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate: methyl carbonate: the mass ratio of dimethyl carbonate is 4: 2: 4, the LiPF in the electrolyte
6Concentration be 1mol L
-1
Among the present invention, said polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium and prepares through following method:
(1) getting purity is 99.99% metal magnesium powder and boron powder, after evenly mixing by 1: 1.125 mass ratio, under the high-purity argon atmosphere of purity 99.999%, in 700～950 ℃ of temperature calcinings 1～4 hour, forms the boronation magnesium dust;
(2) be solvent with methanol aqueous solution or chloroform water solution, the boronation magnesium dust be distributed to be made into suspension-turbid liquid in the solvent that the mass ratio of boronation magnesium and solvent is 1: 10～1: 30; Adding glacial acetic acid adjusting pH value is 2～3, stirring at room 20～60min; Add the pyrroles again and stir 10～20min, wherein the mass ratio of pyrroles and boronation magnesium is 1: 5～1: 1; Add H then
2O
2As initiator of polyreaction, 200W microwave heating 1～30min, pyrroles and H
2O
2Mass ratio be 1: 0.05～0.5; Behind the natural cooling, filter with deionized water wash, under vacuum condition in 80～90 ℃ of drying 3～4h; At N
2Inert atmosphere under 300～800 ℃ of insulation 1h heat-treat, make the lithium ion battery negative material that polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium.
Among the present invention, the mass concentration 20wt% of said methanol aqueous solution or chloroform water solution.
Among the present invention with MgB
2As lithium cell cathode material, be to form Li respectively during according to this lithium cell charging
2MgB
2, lithium storage content is respectively 1168mAh g
-1, be present business-like graphite cathode material (372mAh g
-1) 3 times.MgB in the charge and discharge process
2The embedding lithium takes place and take off the lithium reaction:
MgB
2+2Li
++2e＝＝Li
2?MgB
2
Among the present invention, polypyrrole coats MgB
2Negative material as lithium ion battery; Because these intercalation materials of li ions are among the coating of electric polypyrrole film; The efflorescence that electrode material that disproportionated reaction causes takes place in charging process these intercalation materials of li ions all is controlled at polypyrrole film and coats in the capsule and take place; Can not cause coming off of negative material, stablize the structure of negative pole, thereby improve the life-span of lithium ion battery.This point is showing particularly outstandingly aspect the high power charging-discharging cycle life that improves lithium ion battery.Up to now, not with MgB
2Report as lithium ion battery negative material.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
The present invention utilizes MgB
2Characteristic with high storage lithium specific capacity forms a kind of lithium ion battery negative material of high power capacity.At MgB
2The surface forms the electric polypyrrole film and helps the stable of electrode structure.Polypyrrole MgB of the present invention
2Material has good thermal stability, the advantage of good conductivity, thus the electrochemical kinetics performance of raising negative pole reduces electrode polarization, improves the speed capabilities of lithium battery, and the negative pole current potential is smooth, and is as shown in Figure 1.Can be applicable to the electrokinetic cell of electric automobile.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the polypyrrole of embodiment one preparation coats MgB
2Charging and discharging curve, charging and discharging currents all are 100mA/g.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment one: polypyrrole film coats MgB
2Preparation
After getting purity and be 99.99% metal magnesium powder and boron powder and evenly mixing by 1: 1.125 mass ratio, under the high-purity argon atmosphere of purity 99.999%, temperature forms the boronation magnesium dust 700 ℃ of calcinings 4 hours down;
The boronation magnesium dust is distributed to solvent, and (methanol aqueous solution: be made into suspension-turbid liquid 20wt%), the mass ratio of boronation magnesium and solvent is 1: 10; Adding glacial acetic acid adjusting pH value is 2, stirring at room 20min; Add the pyrroles again and stir 10min, wherein the mass ratio of pyrroles and boronation magnesium is 1: 5; Add H
2O
2As initiator of polyreaction, 200W microwave heating 1min, pyrroles and H
2O
2Mass ratio be 1: 0.05; Natural cooling; After the deionized water wash filtration, 80 ℃ of dry 3h of vacuum; At N
2The following 300 ℃ of insulation 4h of inert atmosphere heat-treat, make the lithium ion battery negative material that polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium.
Embodiment two: polypyrrole film coats MgB
2Lithium battery (1) for negative pole
After getting purity and be 99.99% metal magnesium powder and boron powder and evenly mixing by 1: 1.125 mass ratio, under the high-purity argon atmosphere of purity 99.999%, temperature forms the boronation magnesium dust 800 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down;
The boronation magnesium dust is distributed to solvent, and (chloroform water solution: be made into suspension-turbid liquid 20wt%), the mass ratio of boronation magnesium and solvent is 1: 20; Adding glacial acetic acid adjusting pH value is 2.5, stirring at room 30min; Add the pyrroles again and stir 15min, wherein the mass ratio of pyrroles and boronation magnesium is 1: 3; Add H
2O
2As initiator of polyreaction, 200W microwave heating 10min, pyrroles and H
2O
2Mass ratio be 1: 0.1; Natural cooling; After the deionized water wash filtration, 85 ℃ of dry 3.5h of vacuum; At N
2The following 400 ℃ of insulation 1h of inert atmosphere heat-treat, make the lithium ion battery negative material that polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium.
With above-mentioned negative material: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF); Press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF).After being modulated into paste, be coated on the copper film, dry in the shade; At 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain polypyrrole and coat boronation magnesium negative pole.
With anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiCoO
2: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF), press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF).After being modulated into paste, be coated on the aluminium film, dry in the shade; At 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain LiCoO
2Anodal.
The employing microporous polypropylene membrane is a barrier film.The electrode material side of anodal and negative pole is formed sandwich structure with barrier film in opposite directions, inject electrolyte, constitute lithium ion battery.Electrolyte is with LiPF
6Be solute, the mixture of ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is a solvent, ethylene carbonate: methyl carbonate: the mass ratio of dimethyl carbonate is 4: 2: 4, the LiPF in the electrolyte
6Concentration be 1mol L
-1
Embodiment three: polypyrrole film coats MgB
2Lithium battery (2) for negative pole
After getting purity and be 99.99% metal magnesium powder and boron powder and evenly mixing by 1: 1.125 mass ratio, under the high-purity argon atmosphere of purity 99.999%, temperature forms the boronation magnesium dust 900 ℃ of calcinings 2 hours down;
The boronation magnesium dust is distributed to solvent, and (methanol aqueous solution: be made into suspension-turbid liquid 20wt%), the mass ratio of boronation magnesium and solvent is 1: 30; Adding glacial acetic acid adjusting pH value is 3, stirring at room 60min; Add the pyrroles again and stir 20min, wherein the mass ratio of pyrroles and boronation magnesium is 1: 1; Add H
2O
2As initiator of polyreaction, 200W microwave heating 30min, pyrroles and H
2O
2Mass ratio be 1: 0.5; Natural cooling; After the deionized water wash filtration, 90 ℃ of dry 4h of vacuum; At N
2Following 800 ℃ of insulation 1 h of inert atmosphere heat-treat, make the lithium ion battery negative material that polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium
With above-mentioned negative material: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF); Press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF).After being modulated into paste, be coated on the copper film, dry in the shade; At 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain polypyrrole and coat boronation magnesium negative pole.
With anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiMn
2O
4: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF), press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF).After being modulated into paste, be coated on the aluminium film, dry in the shade; At 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain LiMn
2O
4Anodal.
The employing microporous polypropylene membrane is a barrier film.The electrode material side of anodal and negative pole is formed sandwich structure with barrier film in opposite directions, inject electrolyte, constitute lithium ion battery.Electrolyte is with LiPF
6Be solute, the mixture of ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is a solvent, ethylene carbonate: methyl carbonate: the mass ratio of dimethyl carbonate is 4: 2: 4, the LiPF in the electrolyte
6Concentration be 1mol L
-1
Embodiment four: polypyrrole film coats MgB
2Lithium battery (3) for negative pole
After getting purity and be 99.99% metal magnesium powder and boron powder and evenly mixing by 1: 1.125 mass ratio, under the high-purity argon atmosphere of purity 99.999%, temperature forms the boronation magnesium dust 950 ℃ of calcinings 1 hour down;
The boronation magnesium dust is distributed to solvent, and (chloroform water solution: be made into suspension-turbid liquid 20wt%), the mass ratio of boronation magnesium and solvent is 1: 25; Adding glacial acetic acid adjusting pH value is 3, stirring at room 60min; Add the pyrroles again and stir 20min, wherein the mass ratio of pyrroles and boronation magnesium is 1: 2; Add H
2O
2As initiator of polyreaction, 200W microwave heating 30min, pyrroles and H
2O
2Mass ratio be 1: 0.5; Natural cooling; After the deionized water wash filtration, 90 ℃ of dry 4h of vacuum; At N
2The following 800 ℃ of insulation 1h of inert atmosphere heat-treat, make the lithium ion battery negative material that polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium.
With above-mentioned negative material: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF); Press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF).After being modulated into paste, be coated on the copper film, dry in the shade; At 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain polypyrrole and coat boronation magnesium negative pole.
With anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiFePO
4: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF), press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF).After being modulated into paste, be coated on the aluminium film, dry in the shade; At 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain LiFePO
4Anodal.
The employing microporous polypropylene membrane is a barrier film.The electrode material side of anodal and negative pole is formed sandwich structure with barrier film in opposite directions, inject electrolyte, constitute lithium ion battery.Electrolyte is with LiPF
6Be solute, the mixture of ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is a solvent, ethylene carbonate: methyl carbonate: the mass ratio of dimethyl carbonate is 4: 2: 4, the LiPF in the electrolyte
6Concentration be 1mol L
-1
What more than announce at last, only is specific embodiment of the present invention.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is the preparation method of the lithium battery of negative material with polypyrrole coating boronation magnesium, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The preparation of negative pole: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution that polypyrrole is coated boronation magnesium, acetylene black, Kynoar (PVDF) is pressed 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, is coated on the copper film after being modulated into paste; Dry in the shade the back at 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain negative pole; In N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF), the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95;
Anodal preparation: with anode material for lithium-ion batteries: acetylene black: N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of Kynoar (PVDF), press 85: 10: 100 mixed grindings of mass ratio, be coated on the aluminium film after being modulated into paste; Dry in the shade the back at 100Kg cm
-2The moulding of pressure pressed, obtain positive pole; In N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of vinylidene (PVDF), the mass ratio of PVDF and NMP is 5: 95; Said anode material for lithium-ion batteries is LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMn
2O
4Or LiFePO
4
The assembling of battery: with the microporous polypropylene membrane is barrier film, and anodal electrode material side with negative pole is formed sandwich structure with barrier film in opposite directions, and injection electrolyte obtains lithium battery; Electrolyte is with LiPF
6Being solute, is solvent with the mixture of ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate: methyl carbonate: the mass ratio of dimethyl carbonate is 4: 2: 4, the LiPF in the electrolyte
6Concentration be 1mol L
-1
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium and prepares through following method:
(1) getting purity is 99.99% metal magnesium powder and boron powder, after evenly mixing by 1: 1.125 mass ratio, under the high-purity argon atmosphere of purity 99.999%, in 700～950 ℃ of temperature calcinings 1～4 hour, forms the boronation magnesium dust;
(2) be solvent with methanol aqueous solution or chloroform water solution, the boronation magnesium dust be distributed to be made into suspension-turbid liquid in the solvent that the mass ratio of boronation magnesium and solvent is 1: 10～1: 30; Adding glacial acetic acid adjusting pH value is 2～3, stirring at room 20～60min; Add the pyrroles again and stir 10～20min, wherein the mass ratio of pyrroles and boronation magnesium is 1: 5～1: 1; Add H then
2O
2As initiator of polyreaction, 200W microwave heating 1～30min, pyrroles and H
2O
2Mass ratio be 1: 0.05～0.5; Behind the natural cooling, filter with deionized water wash, under vacuum condition in 80～90 ℃ of drying 3～4h; At N
2Inert atmosphere under 300～800 ℃ of insulation 1h heat-treat, make the lithium ion battery negative material that polypyrrole coats boronation magnesium.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the mass concentration 20wt% of said methanol aqueous solution or chloroform water solution.
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