CN102606310A - CO2 near zero emission medium-low temperature solar heat energy and fossil energy complementary system and flow - Google Patents
CO2 near zero emission medium-low temperature solar heat energy and fossil energy complementary system and flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN102606310A CN102606310A CN201210007675XA CN201210007675A CN102606310A CN 102606310 A CN102606310 A CN 102606310A CN 201210007675X A CN201210007675X A CN 201210007675XA CN 201210007675 A CN201210007675 A CN 201210007675A CN 102606310 A CN102606310 A CN 102606310A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CO2 near zero emission medium-low temperature solar heat energy and fossil energy complementary system and a flow. Pure oxygen combustion is selected in the system so that organic integration of efficient energy conversion utilization and CO2 separation processes is realized. According to the system, water is used as a main working medium; and a quasi combined cycle consisting of a quasi Brayton cycle and a quasi Rankine cycle integrates the high temperature advantage of a turbine inlet of the Brayton cycle and the high pressure ratio advantage of the Rankine cycle. By introducing medium-low temperature solar energy, heat exchange matching of the system is improved, the working medium flow rate of the system input water is greatly improved, the turbine working medium is increased, the specific work is increased, and the thermal performance is improved. The heat-to-work net efficiency of the system can reach 25 to 30 percent, the efficiency is improved by 5.2 percent compared with a fossil energy single-input reference system, the fossil energy saving rate can reach 30 to 35 percent, and CO2 near zero emission is realized. Therefore, the system has good economical efficiency and broad engineering application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of CO
2The circulation system (ZE-SOLRGT) and the flow process thereof of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release.
Background technique
The multi-energy complementation system generation technology that low-temperature solar energy utilization technology and middle low-temperature solar energy combined with fossil energy during the technology relevant with the present invention mainly comprised at present, its technological separately state of development and system features is following:
1, middle low-temperature solar energy utilizes technology
In view of the finiteness of fossil energy resource and utilize and produce the seriousness of polluting in the process, developing novel clean energy resources (being the non-carbon energy especially) conversion using becomes an importance of sustainable development.In recent years, solar energy obtains extensive concern with the advantages such as Economy of the spatter property of its unique reserves unlimitedness, the generality that exists, development and use and progressively lifting, becomes one of effective way that solves energy shortage, environmental pollution and greenhouse effect.
Current, the main developing direction of solar utilization technique is that solar photoelectric transforms and photo-thermal transforms, and wherein the solar thermal power generating of photo-thermal conversion is again the most attractive heliotechnics of following twenty or thirty year.But difficult high such as energy storage with the low solar energy generation technology cost that causes that waits of energy conversion efficiency, be that puzzlement solar thermal power power generation system develops and the great bottleneck of practical applications on a large scale always.Tracing it to its cause, is that solar energy density is low, spatial and temporal distributions is discontinuous on the one hand; On the other hand and what is more important solar energy heating efficient and thermodynamic cycle hot merit conversion efficiency have the contradiction that is difficult to be in harmonious proportion always.Solar energy thermal-power-generating technology and emerging thermochemistry energy conversion technique (like the thermochemistry Conversion of energy system of gas renormalizing etc.) research at present focuses mostly on 900～1200 ℃ transformation of energy of high temperature solar heat and utilization, and is mostly the raising of component capabilities such as high-temperature heat-gathering and thermochemistry conversion and the research and development of relevant new material.High-temperature heat-gathering more than 1000 ℃ is low with complex equipments, cost of investment height and photo-thermal conversion efficiency invariably to be cost.Comparatively speaking, current 150～350 ℃ middle low-temperature solar energy heat utilization technology obtains large-scale commercial applicationsization with its good solar collecting performance and economic simple heat-collecting devcie.The heat collector of this temperature range adopts the simple optical block of oligomeric light ratio mostly, and solar collecting performance is good, and thermal efficiency generally can reach more than 60%, and has effectively avoided the expensive cost of high temperature solar Conversion of energy system.Yet, can know that by the engineering thermodynamics principle temperature of working medium is low more, realize that heat commentaries on classics merit is more difficult, the utilization of at present middle low-temperature heat quantity still lacks effective technology.
2, the multi-energy complementation system generation technology that combines with fossil energy of middle low-temperature solar energy
Different with solar energy, conventional energy resource utilizes system through the development in over one hundred year, and technology and technology become better and approaching perfection day by day, has reached more than 1400 ℃ like advanced person's gas turbine working medium temperature.If renewable energy sourcess such as imagination solar energy are able in the conventional energy resource system, realize transformation of energy and release; Not only can substitute the consumption of part fossil energy; Reduce corresponding pollutant emission; More will greatly improve the renewable energy sources energy and discharge grade and heat commentaries on classics effect rate, alleviate its instability, a discontinuous supply difficult problem simultaneously.The complementary cascade utilization of middle low-temperature solar energy and fossil fuel is expected to for solving the clean utilization low and the realization fossil fuel of solar energy transformation efficiency simultaneously a brand-brand-new way is provided.
In the multi-energy complementation system, middle low-temperature solar energy can be mutually integrated with some physics endothermic process in the thermodynamic system (heat is integrated), like evaporation process, heat recovery process; Also can with some endothermic chemical reaction mutually integrated (thermochemistry is integrated), like pyrolytic reaction and reforming reaction etc.The former is like the steam Rankine cycle complementary system of N.Lior and K.Koai proposition; The low-temperature zone working-medium water absorbs about 100 ℃ of solar heat evaporation; The high temperature section combustion of fossil fuel provides heat to make steam superheating; Form the coupling utilization of different heat sources in the different temperatures section, solar heat input share is up to 80%, and system thermal efficiency can reach 18%.A kind of middle low-temperature solar energy that the latter such as H.Hong and H.Jin propose and the complementary combined cycle system of fossil fuel thermochemistry; Utilize the pyrolysis characteristics of methanol fuel under middle cryogenic conditions; With 200～300 ℃ Driven by Solar Energy methyl alcohol thermal desorption thermal response, generate with H
2With CO be the synthetic gas of main component, be HQ high grade synthetic gas chemical energy thereby make low-grade conversion of solar energy; Synthetic gas drives the acting of Gas combined cycle, has realized the lifting and its efficient conversion in power system of middle low-temperature solar energy grade.In its analysis of cases, solar heat input ratio is 18%, and the burnt efficient of solar electrical energy generation net efficiency and system reaches 35% and 60.7% respectively, but turbine blade cooling influence has been ignored in this calculating.
Report (author: Zhang Na) on a cold chemical back heating circuit basis, proposed method and the solar energy that proposes in view of the above and the chemical back heating circulatory system (SOLRGT) (as shown in Figure 1) of fossil energy integrated complementary that a kind of middle low temperature solar thermal energy grade promotes is indirectly arranged.Because middle low temperature solar thermal energy is with methane reforming reaction is temperature required is not complementary (being reflected at the high temperature of general needs more than 900～1000 ℃ nickel-base catalyst under); SOLRGT earlier with in low-temperature solar energy add hot water and make its evaporation; Participate in methane reforming reaction by steam again; Make the solar energy grade be promoted to the synthetic gas chemical energy indirectly, and finally circulation realize efficient hot merit conversion by advanced person's combustion machine.Cold chemical back heating circulation between routine relatively, SOLRGT has realized the complementary utilization of the step of middle low-temperature solar energy and fossil fuel, fossil energy saving rate can reach 20～30%.The introducing of solar energy has substituted the part fossil fuel in the system, realizes corresponding pollution reduction.
Summary of the invention
Order of the present invention is to provide a kind of CO
2Low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system and flow process in the near-zero release.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, a kind of CO provided by the invention
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release mainly comprises:
Oxygen gas compressor: oxygen is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Flue gas gas compressor: the backflow flue gas is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Throttling of fuel valve: the pressure that fuel gas is depressurized to reforming reaction;
Fresh water suction booster: fresh water is boosted to Rankine circuit maximum pressure;
Reformer:, make fuel and water vapor under certain pressure, carry out chemical reforming reaction by the flue gas heat supply;
Pre-reformer: adiabatic reactor, through fuel and the water vapor mixture following generation of catalyst action therein pre-reforming, i.e. the heavy ends generation reforming reaction in the rock gas of preheating;
The firing chamber: synthetic gas and oxygen generation combustion reaction obtain high-temperature gas;
The high-temperature fuel gas turbine: high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas expands and does work;
Low-pressure fuel gas turbine: the warm low-pressure fuel gas acting of further expanding in the part after the shunting;
High-pressure steam turbine: middle temperature high pressure steam expands and does work;
Generator: be connected with turbine, turbine produced mechanical work be converted into electric energy output;
Vaporizer: utilize solar energy that pressurized water is evaporated;
Solar groove type heat collector: collect solar energy;
Water condenser:, separate with CO to being rich in low-pressure fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation the carrying out condensation of water vapor
2Be main gas and liquid water;
CO
2Between cold multiple-effect gas compressor: with CO
2Gas compression is convenient to be condensed into liquid CO to high pressure
2
CO
2Condenser: with high pressure CO
2Condensation of gas becomes liquid CO
2
Described CO
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release wherein, also comprises following equipment:
First heat exchanger: the reformer outlet synthetic gas after the preliminary backheat of second heat exchanger carries out preheating to fuel, the vapour mixture of pre-reformer import;
Second heat exchanger: reformer outlet synthetic gas carries out backheat to the mixed gas through pre-reforming of pre-reformer outlet;
The 3rd heat exchanger: the smoke evacuation of low-pressure fuel gas turbine is tentatively heated water;
The 4th heat exchanger: the flue gas that is back to the firing chamber further heats water;
The 5th heat exchanger: high-temperature fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation is flowed through reformer and the 6th heat exchanger of parallel connection after mix, and it is overheated that steam is carried out;
The 6th heat exchanger: the smoke evacuation of part high-temperature fuel gas turbine is further overheated to the steam of the 5th heat exchanger cold side outlet;
First shunt: the high-temperature fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation of the 5th exchanger heat side outlet is divided into two strands: a part is back to the firing chamber, and another part is delivered to the low-pressure fuel gas turbine and continued to expand;
Second shunt: high-temperature fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation is divided into two strands: a part heats reformer, and another part the 6th heat exchanger of flowing through provides thermal source;
The 3rd shunt: the high-pressure steam turbine exhaust steam is divided into two strands: a part is sent into the firing chamber, and another part mixes with fuel gas, sends into pre-reformer.
Described CO
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release; Wherein, The hot side-entrance of reformer is the smoke evacuation of high-temperature fuel gas turbine; Outlet connects the 5th heat exchanger of backheat, and the cold side import is connected with the second exchanger heat side outlet, and outlet is connected with the second exchanger heat side-entrance.
Described CO
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release; Wherein, pre-reformer does not have thermal source, and import is through the fuel of preheating and the mixed gas of steam; Reforming reaction to a certain degree takes place under catalyst action, and outlet is to remain the synthetic gas further reformed.
Described CO
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release, wherein, vaporizer institute calorific requirement is provided by solar groove type heat collector, and the cold side import links to each other with the 4th heat exchanger, and outlet links to each other with the 5th heat exchanger.
CO provided by the invention
2The flow process of the thermodynamic cycle of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release, it mainly comprises:
(1) reforming process: through reclaiming the waste heat that reforming reaction generates high-temperature synthesis gas, the mixed reactant preheating of steam and rock gas gets into pre-reformer generation pre-reforming, i.e. heavy ends generation reforming reaction in the rock gas.The mixed reactant temperature descends, and through the heating of high-temperature synthesis gas backheat, gets into reformer again, by turbine smoke evacuation heat supply, is reforming a little more than under the chamber pressure, and final the generation is rich in H
2With the high-temperature synthesis gas of CO, after backheat pre-reforming temperature degree descends, get into the firing chamber, avoid nozzle place fuel temperature too high;
(2) combustion gas generative process: the oxygen generation combustion reaction (pure oxygen burning) after fuel synthetic gas and the compression, the oxygen excess coefficient is 2%.Oxygen is made by the sky branch.Simultaneously, for reducing about combustor exit temperature to 1300 ℃, the steam that generates in re-injection partial fume and the system in the firing chamber finally generates high-temperature fuel gas;
(3) steam generative process: rely on the turbine smoke discharging residual heat to reclaim and the solar groove type heat collector heating, system's input water becomes high temperature and high pressure steam;
(4) go out the merits and demerits journey: the high-temperature fuel gas that generates in the firing chamber gets into the high-temperature fuel gas turbine and goes out merit, and the backheat rear section gets into the low-pressure fuel gas turbine and goes out merit, and the high temperature and high pressure steam that system's heating generates gets into high-pressure steam turbine and goes out merit;
(5) flue gas shunting: a part is carried out heat recovery, cools off when adding hot water, re-injection firing chamber after overcompression again.This part smoke backflow has reduced because of the turbine loss that contained a large amount of steam latent heat produces of discharging fume, and has constituted the class Bo Leideng circulation in the ZE-SOLRGT system; Another part is expanded to negative pressure and merit to increase in the low-pressure fuel gas turbine, again through backheat, condensation, separation of C O
2After, remaining most of water injects circulation again to be done to replenish working medium, has constituted the class Rankine cycle in the ZE-SOLRGT system;
(6) exhaust steam shunting: a part is sent into reformer and is made reactant, and the firing chamber is gone in a part of re-injection;
(7) isolated CO
2To 110bar, promptly become liquid CO through condensation through seven inter-stage cold compressions again
2, supply further to handle, realize CO
2Near-zero release.
Described flow process, wherein, flue gas after the high-temperature fuel gas turbine is discharged, temperature flow through the successively from high to low reformer and the 6th heat exchanger of parallel connection, and the 5th heat exchanger carries out heat recovery, goes shunting again.
Described flow process; Wherein, Get into the turbine smoke evacuation in the 3rd heat exchanger, the 4th heat exchanger of circuit water and be heated to saturation water, in the vaporizer of solar groove type heat collector heat supply, be heated to be steam again by middle low-temperature solar energy, after in the 5th heat exchanger, the 6th heat exchanger the turbine smoke evacuation overheated.
Described flow process; Wherein, The middle low-temperature solar energy that vaporizer has utilized solar groove type heat collector to absorb; With the fused salt is the constant temperature evaporator section heating of heat transfer medium to water, to reduce heat transfer temperature difference, reduces heat transfer process
and decreases.
The present invention introduces pure oxygen burning on the SOLRGT basis, set up new CO
2Low-temperature solar energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) in the near-zero release can be regarded the accurate combined cycle that is made up of class Bo Leideng circulation and type Rankine cycle as, and main working medium is water.System synthesis Bo Leideng circuit turbine import high temperature advantage, and the high pressure ratio advantage of Rankine cycle.Relative SOLRGT, the thermal efficiency, burnt efficient improve.The introducing of solar energy had both improved system's heat exchange coupling, made the working medium flow of system's input water increase substantially again, and turbine working medium increases, and increases than merit, and thermal performance is able to strengthen.ZE-SOLRGT has realized CO
2Separate and middle low-temperature solar energy efficient trans-utilization integrated in the multi-energy complementation system, have bright development prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the SOLRGT system flow chart that the solar energy grade in the known technology promotes indirectly.
Fig. 2 is CO of the present invention
2Low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) flow chart in the near-zero release; Main mark explanation among Fig. 2:
1-1,1-2 ..., 1-6 first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger ..., the 6th heat exchanger; 2-throttling of fuel valve; The 3-pre-reformer; The 4-reformer; 5-oxygen gas compressor; The 6-firing chamber; 7-1,7-2,7-3 first shunt, second shunt, the 3rd shunt; 8-high-temperature fuel gas turbine; 9-flue gas gas compressor; 10-low-pressure fuel gas turbine; The 11-generator; The 12-water condenser; 13-fresh water suction booster; The 14-vaporizer; The 15-solar groove type heat collector; The 16-high-pressure steam turbine; 17-CO
2Between cold multiple-effect gas compressor; 18-CO
2Condenser; S1, S2 ..., S37-stream burst numbering.
Fig. 3 is CO
2Low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) tephigram in the near-zero release.
Embodiment
The objective of the invention is to realize CO
2Combination between near-zero release and the high efficiency energy trans-utilization, the energy environment integral system Integrated Solution of proposition multi-energy complementation.
As shown in Figure 2, be CO provided by the invention
2Low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) in the near-zero release, this system mainly comprises CO
2Low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system in the near-zero release is with middle low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy compensation device SOLRGT and CO
2Separate and to combine (being connected to known technology in the said system, the present invention does not specifically describe at this).
System flow of the present invention is described below:
Rock gas methane (S1) mixes generation mixed gas (S2) with water vapor (S33) after the 2 throttling step-downs of throttling of fuel valve, (S3) gets into pre-reformer 3 after preheating in the first heat exchanger 1-1; The heavy ends generation reforming reaction of mixed gas; Synthetic gas (S4) gets into reformer 4 again through second heat exchanger 1-2 heating (S5), and the synthetic gas (S6) of the generation of reforming is backheat (S7) in the second heat exchanger 1-2 earlier; Thermal source (S8) is provided in the first heat exchanger 1-1 again, gets into firing chamber 6 at last.
The empty oxygen (S9) (S10) after 5 compressions of oxygen gas compressor that makes that divides gets into firing chamber 6; Combustion reaction (pure oxygen burning) takes place with synthetic gas (S8); The steam (S34) that generates in re-injection partial fume (S21) and the system in the firing chamber 6; The final high-temperature fuel gas (S11) that generates gets into the 8 expansion actings of high-temperature fuel gas turbine.
High-temperature turbine smoke evacuation (S12) splits into two-part through the second shunt 7-2; A part (S13) is carried out backheat (S14) in the first heat exchanger 1-6; Another part (S15) provides thermal source (S16) to reformer 4; Two strands of flue gases mix back (S17) again, get into the 5th heat exchanger 1-5 backheat (S18), then again again through first shunt 7-1 shunting.At this moment; Part of smoke (S19) gets into 9 compressions of flue gas gas compressor, re-injection firing chamber 6 (S21) through the 4th heat exchanger 1-4 backheat (S20); Another part flue gas (S22) is expanded to negative pressure and merit to increase in low-pressure fuel gas turbine 10; Smoke evacuation (S23) through water condenser 12 condensations, is isolated CO after the 3rd heat exchanger 1-3 backheat (S24)
2(S35) after, remaining most of water (S25) injects circulation again and makes to replenish working medium.
Water (S25) is after 13 pressurizations of fresh water suction booster (S26); Get into the 3rd heat exchanger 1-3 heating and generate steam (S27); After again successively through the 4th heat exchanger 1-4 (S28), solar still 14 (by solar groove type heat collector 15 heat supplies) (S29), the 5th heat exchanger 1-5 (S30), the 6th heat exchanger 1-6 heating becoming high temperature and high pressure steam (S31), get into high-pressure steam turbine 16 acting of expanding.The exhaust steam (S32) that generates is through the 3rd shunt 7-3 shunting, and a part is done the reactant (S33) of reforming reaction, and temperature (S34) is regulated in a part of re-injection firing chamber 6.
Isolated CO
2(S35) through CO
2Between cold multiple-effect gas compressor 17 7 inter-stage cold compressions (S36) to 110bar, again through CO
2Condenser 18 condensations become liquid CO
2(S37), can supply further processing, as bury etc., realize CO
2Near-zero release.
The integrated CO of energy complementary system
2The main mode of separating is divided into " separating before the burning ", " separating (pure oxygen burning) in the burning " and " separating after the burning ": the SOLRGT system discharges CO in the tail gas
2Amount is big and concentration is low, adopts burning back separation will produce too high energy consumption; SOLRGT only utilizes the turbine smoke discharging residual heat to retrieve to carry out part and reforms; Methane conversion is low, does not satisfy the preceding separation requirement (fuel conversion＞95%) of burning, if will improve efficiency of carbon con version; Need increase substantially reforming temperature; As adopt mode such as fuel afterburning, but can the additive decrementation lot of energy, system effectiveness reduced; Contain a large amount of water vapour in the SOLRGT tail gas, directly the latent heat losses brought of discharging is bigger, and like flue gas (part) re-injection circulation, then loss reduces, and system's efficiency of energy utilization improves, and agrees with mutually with tail gas re-injection in the pure oxygen burning; Simultaneously, SOLRGT itself has a large amount of water as replenishing working medium, as adopting pure oxygen burning, and working medium main component H only then
2O and CO
2, the burnt damage in firing chamber will significantly reduce.By contrast, the SOLRGT system adopts the CO of pure oxygen burning
2Separate mode is comparatively favourable.
With low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system SOLRGT in the pure oxygen burning introducing, synthetic gas and pure oxygen burn, the flue gas staged expansion, and center lease making compression and back flow to the firing chamber, and part continues the acting of expanding; Introduce water,, generate high temperature and high pressure steam through reclaiming smoke discharging residual heat, the heating of middle low-temperature solar energy, the acting of expanding, reforming reaction is partly participated in exhaust steam, part re-injection firing chamber, the relative SOLRGT systematic function of the system that finally realizes is further improved, CO
2Near-zero release.The ZE-SOLRGT capital equipment comprises:
Oxygen gas compressor 6: oxygen is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Flue gas gas compressor 9: the backflow flue gas is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Throttling of fuel valve 2: the pressure (consideration crushing) that fuel gas is depressurized to reforming reaction;
Fresh water suction booster 13: fresh water is boosted to Rankine circuit maximum pressure (consideration crushing);
Reformer 4: chemical reforming reaction is carried out in flue gas heat supply, fuel and water vapor under certain pressure;
Pre-reformer 3: reforming reaction takes place down in adiabatic reactor, the heavy ends catalyst action in the rock gas.
Firing chamber 6: synthetic gas and oxygen generation combustion reaction obtain high-temperature gas;
High-temperature fuel gas turbine 8: high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas expands and does work;
Low-pressure fuel gas turbine 10: the warm low-pressure fuel gas acting of further expanding in the part after the shunting;
High-pressure steam turbine 16: middle temperature high pressure steam expands and does work;
Generator 11: be connected with turbine, turbine produced mechanical work be converted into electric energy output;
Vaporizer 14: utilize solar energy that pressurized water is evaporated;
Solar groove type heat collector 15: collect solar energy;
Water condenser 12:, separate with CO to being rich in low-pressure fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation the carrying out condensation of water vapor
2Be main gas and liquid water;
CO
2Between cold multiple-effect gas compressor 17: with CO
2Gas compression is convenient to be condensed into liquid CO to high pressure
2
CO
2Condenser 18: with high pressure CO
2Condensation of gas becomes liquid CO
2
The first heat exchanger 1-1: fuel, vapour mixture to the pre-reformer import carry out preheating;
The second heat exchanger 1-2: the mixed gas through pre-reforming to the pre-reformer outlet carries out backheat;
The 3rd heat exchanger 1-3: water is tentatively heated;
The 4th heat exchanger 1-4: water is further heated;
The 5th heat exchanger 1-5: it is overheated that steam is carried out;
The 6th heat exchanger 1-6: further overheated to steam;
The first shunt 7-1: the turbine smoke evacuation is divided into two strands: a part is back to the firing chamber, and another part is delivered to the low-pressure fuel gas turbine and continued to expand;
The second shunt 7-2: the smoke evacuation of high-temperature fuel gas turbine is divided into two strands: a part heats reformer, and another part is to steam superheating;
The 3rd shunt 7-3: exhaust steam is divided into two strands: a part is sent into the firing chamber, and another part mixes with fuel gas, sends into pre-reformer.
Be connected to known technology in the said system, the pipeline that the connection between each equipment is common employing connects, and the present invention does not specifically describe at this.
CO of the present invention
2Low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) in the near-zero release is characterized in that:
CO of the present invention
2The flow process of low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) in the near-zero release:
Oxygen generation combustion reaction (pure oxygen burning) after synthetic gas that reformation generates and the compression, the steam that generates in re-injection partial fume and the system in the firing chamber finally generates high-temperature fuel gas, gets into high-temperature fuel gas turbine 8 and goes out merit.A flue gas part is carried out heat recovery, cools off when adding hot water, and re-injection firing chamber 6 after overcompression again, another part is expanded to negative pressure and merit to increase in low-pressure fuel gas turbine 10, again through backheat, condensation, separation of C O
2After, remaining most of water injects circulation again and makes to replenish working medium.Rely on the turbine smoke discharging residual heat to reclaim and solar energy heating, system's input water becomes high temperature and high pressure steam, gets into high-pressure steam turbine 16 and goes out merit.An exhaust steam part is sent into reformer 4 and is made reactant, and firing chamber 6 is gone in a part of re-injection.Isolated CO
2To 110bar, promptly become liquid CO through condensation through seven inter-stage cold compressions again
2, can supply further processing, as bury etc., realize CO
2Near-zero release.
Described CO
2The flow process of low temperature solar thermal energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) in the near-zero release is characterized in that:
(1) introducing of solar energy: in the system class Rankine cycle; Through introducing solar energy; It is integrated that the isothermal evaporation process of water and solar energy form heat on the one hand; The gas turbine waste heat then can be fully and the coupling of alternating temperature endothermic process, greatly improved turbine smoke discharging residual heat callback course heat coupling, reduced the burnt damage of conducting heat; The flow that replenishes working-medium water on the other hand is increased, and elevator system goes out merit.
(2) formation of accurate combined cycle (shunting of the first shunt 7-1): behind the flue gas shunting; ZE-SOLRGT can regard an accurate combined cycle that is made up of class Bo Leideng circulation and type Rankine cycle as; As shown in Figure 3, the state point among Fig. 3 please refer to stream burst numbering among Fig. 2.The Bo Leideng circulation has the higher advantage of turbine-inlet temperature, and Rankine cycle has the bigger advantage of turbine inlet pressure, all helps the increase of system's output work.Through regulating split ratio, but optimization of system performance also.
(3) backflow of flue gas: the partial reflux of flue gas has reduced because of turbine smoke evacuation takes away the loss that a large amount of steam latent heats produce.
(4) raising of expansion ratio: the shunting flue gas is expanded to negative pressure in the low-pressure fuel gas turbine, thereby makes the expansion ratio of system class Rankine cycle greatly improve, and has increased system and has gone out merit.
(5) shunting of shunt 7-2: make reformer 4 parallelly connected, thereby satisfy the demand of reformer 4 and 16 pairs of high temperature of high-pressure steam turbine simultaneously, improve high-pressure steam turbine 16 inlet temperatures, increase and merit with the 6th heat exchanger 1-6.Remove the second shunt 7-2 like system, reformer 4 becomes connect (and the 6th heat exchanger 1-6 is in reformer downstream) with the 6th heat exchanger 1-6, and then high-pressure steam turbine 16 goes out merit, system and always goes out merit decline.
Combustion reaction (pure oxygen burning) takes place in the oxygen (S10) after synthetic gas (S8) that reformation generates and the compression, and the steam (S34) that generates in firing chamber 6 interior re-injection partial fumes (S21) and the system finally generates high-temperature fuel gas (S11), gets into high-temperature fuel gas turbine 8 and goes out merit.A flue gas part is carried out heat recovery; Cool off when adding hot water; After overcompression re-injection firing chamber 6 (S19-S20-S21) again, another part are expanded to negative pressure and merit (S22-S23) to increase in low-pressure fuel gas turbine 10, again through backheat (S24), condensation, separation of C O
2After, remaining most of water (S25) injects circulation again and makes to replenish working medium.Rely on the turbine smoke discharging residual heat to reclaim and solar energy heating, system's input water becomes high temperature and high pressure steam (S31), gets into high-pressure steam turbine 16 and goes out merit.An exhaust steam part is sent into reformer 4 and is made reactant (S33), and firing chamber 6 (S34) is gone in a part of re-injection.Isolated CO
2To 110bar, promptly become liquid CO through condensation through seven inter-stage cold compressions again
2(S37), can supply further processing, as bury etc., realize CO
2Near-zero release.
Specific embodiment is seen table 1 in the balance condition performance parameter.Main relevant condition is: under the systematic steady state operation conditions, and compressor efficiency 88%; Firing chamber oxygen excess coefficient 2%, crushing are 3%; Combustion gas turbine isentropic efficiency 89-90%, reformer crushing 5%, 30 ℃ of pinch-point temperature differences, 15-25 ℃ of heat transmission equipment pinch-point temperature difference.
Specific embodiment cyclic balance operating mode thermodynamic performance is referring to table 2.Table 2 has been summed up the thermodynamic performance of ZE-SOLRGT.Among the ZE-SOLRGT owing to introduced the solar energy that accounts for total energy input 28.4%, relatively with the CO of input
2The near-zero release combined cycle system, solar energy net heat photoelectric transformation efficiency η
SolReach 33.1%; Relatively with the CO that exports
2The near-zero release combined cycle system, fossil energy saving rate SR
fReached 29.8%.Can find out that from table 2 data the ratio merit of ZE-SOLRGT is bigger, this main because among the ZE-SOLRGT type Rankine cycle go out merit because the introducing of solar energy and working medium flow increases, thereby greatly promote.The thermal efficiency of ZE-SOLRGT and burnt efficient are respectively 49.5% and 54.4%, relatively CO
2The near-zero release combined cycle system, the thermal efficiency has improved 1.0%.
It is pointed out that The above results is in the ideal case, also promptly under the situation that the satisfied 364 ℃ of water evaporation of solar thermal energy temperature requires, obtains.If solar thermal energy does not reach the said temperature requirement, promote vapor pressure to reforming reaction after need adopting afterburning or reducing evaporating temperature (pressure), evaporation again and require under the situation such as pressure, system effectiveness can corresponding reduction.
Compare with conventional fossil energy system, low-temperature solar energy collecting apparatus during new system need set up can adopt the groove type heat collector that technology is ripe relatively, cost is lower.Groove type heat collector has good solar collecting performance in middle cryogenic applications, even at 100W/m
2Solar irradiance intensity under also can reach the thermal efficiency more than 50%.Should be noted that the lifting of system effectiveness and solar heat commentaries on classics effect rate is directly related with the systematic economy property improvement; This external system is at CO
2Thereby reduce discharging, owing to comprise chemical back heating circulation characteristics at NO
xThe advantage of aspects such as discharging also is the factor that should consider when carrying out economic analysis.
The present invention is as a kind of new CO
2Low-temperature solar energy fossil energy complementary system (ZE-SOLRGT) in the near-zero release has been realized middle low temperature solar thermal energy effective conversion and the comprehensive cascade utilization complementary with fossil fuel, and efficient has realized CO when improving
2Near-zero release, heating power property, the feature of environmental protection are all good, have wide future in engineering applications.
Table 1: system's Specifeca tion speeification
Table 2: system's thermal performance data
*Input variable
In the table 2:
The split ratio SF of shunt SPL1
1Be defined as:
SF
1＝m
22/m
18 (1)
Wherein, m
22And m
18It is respectively the mass flow rate of stream thigh 22 and 18 among Fig. 2.
The split ratio SF of shunt SPL2
2Be defined as:
SF
2＝m
15/m
12 (2)
Wherein, m
15And m
12It is respectively the mass flow rate of stream thigh 15 and 12 among Fig. 2.
The input solar energy Q of system
SolBe defined as the heat energy that required solar energy subtense angle provides under the power cycle declared working condition:
Q
sol＝Q
rad·η
col·η
tran＝DNI·S·η
col·η
tran (3)
Wherein, Q
RadBe the required solar energy projection of declared working condition amount [kW], η
ColBe collector efficiency, η
TranBe heat transfer efficiency, get usually and do 95%.DNI is the design point irradiation intensity, and S is the required mirror of a declared working condition field area.
In view of the above, solar energy input share is defined as:
Wherein, Q
fBe fossil fuel input heat, m
fBe the rock gas flow rate, LHV is a Lower heat value.
System thermal efficiency η is defined as:
W wherein
NetBe the clean output work of system.But in fact; Because there are solar energy and two kinds of inputs of fossil energy in system;
efficient more can reflect the utilize situation of system to intake, and system's equivalent
efficient ε defines as follows:
Wherein, e
fFor unit of fuel
, [kJ/kg].T
aBe ambient temperature, T
SolBe heat-collecting temperature, the solar energy equivalent
Calculate by the maximum acting ability under the solar energy heating temperature.
In order to study the relative transformation efficiency of solar energy in the ZE-SOLRGT system, definition solar energy net heat photoelectric transformation efficiency:
Wherein, Q
RadBe solar energy projection amount [kW] under the declared working condition; W
RefBe identical fossil fuel input reference system generated energy down, W
Ref=Q
fη
RefThis paper reference system is chosen CO
2The combined cycle system of near-zero release, the thermal efficiency are 48.47%.
Compare the relative reduction (ZE-SOLCRGT relatively) with reference system fossil fuel under the output in order to express ZE-SOLCRGT, definition fossil energy saving rate is:
Q wherein
Ref=W
Net/ η
Ref, represent the fossil fuel consumption when reference system is identical with the ZE-SOLRGT system to go out merit, so molecule (Q
Ref-Q
f) be the fossil fuel savings of the relative reference system of SOLRGT.
Symbol description in above-mentioned each formula
X
SolSolar heat input share [%] ε equivalent
Efficient [%]
The CR rock gas efficiency of carbon con version η thermal efficiency [%]
E
[kW] η
ColCollector efficiency [%]
LHV low heat valve [kJ/kg] η
SolSolar thermal energy changes effect rate [%] only
M mass flow rate [kg/s]
P pressure [bar] subscript
Q heat [kW] a ambient condition
R
SNWater carbon (More) is than f fossil fuel
SF split ratio ref reference system
SR
fFossil energy saving rate [%] rad solar irradiance
The T temperature [℃] the sol solar thermal energy
W
NetCleared-out merit [MW] 1, the 2...19 state point.
Claims (9)
1. CO
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release mainly comprises:
Oxygen gas compressor: oxygen is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Flue gas gas compressor: the backflow flue gas is boosted to Brayton circuit maximum pressure;
Throttling of fuel valve: the pressure that fuel gas is depressurized to reforming reaction;
Fresh water suction booster: fresh water is boosted to Rankine circuit maximum pressure;
Reformer:, make fuel and water vapor under certain pressure, carry out chemical reforming reaction by the flue gas heat supply;
Pre-reformer: adiabatic reactor, through fuel and the water vapor mixture following generation of catalyst action therein pre-reforming, i.e. the heavy ends generation reforming reaction in the rock gas of preheating;
The firing chamber: synthetic gas and oxygen generation combustion reaction obtain high-temperature gas;
The high-temperature fuel gas turbine: high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas expands and does work;
Low-pressure fuel gas turbine: the warm low-pressure fuel gas acting of further expanding in the part after the shunting;
High-pressure steam turbine: middle temperature high pressure steam expands and does work;
Generator: be connected with turbine, turbine produced mechanical work be converted into electric energy output;
Vaporizer: utilize solar energy that pressurized water is evaporated;
Solar groove type heat collector: collect solar energy;
Water condenser:, separate with CO to being rich in low-pressure fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation the carrying out condensation of water vapor
2Be main gas and liquid water;
CO
2Between cold multiple-effect gas compressor: with CO
2Gas compression is convenient to be condensed into liquid CO to high pressure
2
CO
2Condenser: with high pressure CO
2Condensation of gas becomes liquid CO
2
2. CO as claimed in claim 1
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release wherein, also comprises following equipment:
First heat exchanger: the reformer outlet synthetic gas after the preliminary backheat of second heat exchanger carries out preheating to fuel, the vapour mixture of pre-reformer import;
Second heat exchanger: reformer outlet synthetic gas carries out backheat to the mixed gas through pre-reforming of pre-reformer outlet;
The 3rd heat exchanger: the smoke evacuation of low-pressure fuel gas turbine is tentatively heated water;
The 4th heat exchanger: the flue gas that is back to the firing chamber further heats water;
The 5th heat exchanger: high-temperature fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation is flowed through the reformer, the 6th heat exchanger of parallel connection after mix, and it is overheated that steam is carried out;
The 6th heat exchanger: the smoke evacuation of part high-temperature fuel gas turbine is further overheated to the steam of the 5th heat exchanger cold side outlet;
First shunt: the high-temperature fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation of the 5th exchanger heat side outlet is divided into two strands: a part is back to the firing chamber, and another part is delivered to the low-pressure fuel gas turbine and continued to expand;
Second shunt: high-temperature fuel gas turbine smoke evacuation is divided into two strands: a part heats reformer, and another part the 6th heat exchanger of flowing through provides thermal source;
The 3rd shunt: the high-pressure steam turbine exhaust steam is divided into two strands: a part is sent into the firing chamber, and another part mixes with fuel gas, sends into pre-reformer.
3. CO as claimed in claim 1
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release; Wherein, The hot side-entrance of reformer is the smoke evacuation of high-temperature fuel gas turbine; Outlet connects the 5th heat exchanger of backheat, and the cold side import is connected with the second exchanger heat side outlet, and outlet is connected with the second exchanger heat side-entrance.
4. CO as claimed in claim 1
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release; Wherein, pre-reformer does not have thermal source, and import is through the fuel of preheating and the mixed gas of steam; Reforming reaction to a certain degree takes place under catalyst action, and outlet is to remain the synthetic gas further reformed.
5. CO as claimed in claim 1
2The circulation system of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release, wherein, vaporizer institute calorific requirement is provided by solar groove type heat collector, and the cold side import links to each other with the 4th heat exchanger, and outlet links to each other with the 5th heat exchanger.
6. CO
2The flow process of the thermodynamic cycle of low temperature solar thermal energy and fossil energy integrated complementary in the near-zero release, it mainly comprises:
(1) reforming process: through reclaiming the waste heat that reforming reaction generates high-temperature synthesis gas, the mixed reactant preheating of steam and rock gas gets into pre-reformer generation pre-reforming, i.e. heavy ends generation reforming reaction in the rock gas.The mixed reactant temperature descends, and through the heating of high-temperature synthesis gas backheat, gets into reformer again, by turbine smoke evacuation heat supply, is reforming a little more than under the chamber pressure, and final the generation is rich in H
2With the high-temperature synthesis gas of CO, after backheat pre-reforming temperature degree descends, get into the firing chamber, avoid nozzle place fuel temperature too high;
(2) combustion gas generative process: the oxygen generation combustion reaction (pure oxygen burning) after fuel synthetic gas and the compression, the oxygen excess coefficient is 2%.Oxygen is made by the sky branch.Simultaneously, for reducing the combustor exit temperature to 1200-1300 ℃, the steam that generates in re-injection partial fume and the system in the firing chamber finally generates high-temperature fuel gas;
(3) steam generative process: rely on the turbine smoke discharging residual heat to reclaim and the solar groove type heat collector heating, system's input water becomes high temperature and high pressure steam;
(4) go out the merits and demerits journey: the high-temperature fuel gas that generates in the firing chamber gets into the high-temperature fuel gas turbine and goes out merit, and the backheat rear section gets into the low-pressure fuel gas turbine and goes out merit, and the high temperature and high pressure steam that system's heating generates gets into high-pressure steam turbine and goes out merit;
(5) flue gas shunting: a part is carried out heat recovery, cools off when adding hot water, re-injection firing chamber after overcompression again.This part smoke backflow has reduced because of the turbine loss that contained a large amount of steam latent heat produces of discharging fume, and has constituted the class Bo Leideng circulation in the said system; Another part is expanded to negative pressure and merit to increase in the low-pressure fuel gas turbine, again through backheat, condensation, separation of C O
2After, remaining most of water injects circulation again to be done to replenish working medium, has constituted the class Rankine cycle in the said system;
(6) exhaust steam shunting: a part is sent into reformer and is made reactant, and the firing chamber is gone in a part of re-injection;
(7) isolated CO
2To 110bar, promptly become liquid CO through condensation through seven inter-stage cold compressions again
2, supply further to handle, realize CO
2Near-zero release.
7. flow process as claimed in claim 6, wherein, flue gas after the high-temperature fuel gas turbine is discharged, temperature flow through the successively from high to low reformer and the 6th heat exchanger of parallel connection, and the 5th heat exchanger carries out heat recovery, goes shunting again.
8. flow process as claimed in claim 6; Wherein, Get into the turbine smoke evacuation in the 3rd heat exchanger, the 4th heat exchanger of circuit water and be heated to saturation water; In the vaporizer of solar groove type heat collector heat supply, be heated to be steam again by middle low-temperature solar energy, after in the 5th heat exchanger, the 6th heat exchanger the turbine smoke evacuation overheated.
9. flow process as claimed in claim 6; Wherein, The middle low-temperature solar energy that vaporizer has utilized solar groove type heat collector to absorb; With the fused salt is the constant temperature evaporator section heating of heat transfer medium to water; To reduce heat transfer temperature difference, reduce heat transfer process
and decrease.
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