CN102603241A

CN102603241A - Coal mine goaf filling material made of gangue

Info

Publication number: CN102603241A
Application number: CN2012100810599A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵晓光; 贾锐鱼; 宋世杰
Original assignee: Xian University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Xian University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2012-03-26
Filing date: 2012-03-26
Publication date: 2012-07-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine goaf filling material made of gangue, which comprises the following components according to parts by weight: 15 parts of gangue, 4 parts of coal ash and 0.6 parts of cement. The potential gel performance of the gangue is reasonably utilized, the gangue is filled to an underground goaf to furthest improve the use ratio, and the ground surface stockpiling amount is reduced. In the mine gluing and filling operation, the coal ash is utilized to replace parts of cement so as to reduce the mine filling cost and lower the production cost.

Description

The coal mine gob filling material that utilizes coal gangue to manufacture

Technical field

The present invention relates to the improvement field of coal mine gob, be specifically related to a kind of colliery waste that utilizes---coal gangue is the coal mine gob filling material that main raw material is made.

Background technology

China is that a few primary energy source is one of main country with coal in the world, and coal plays a part very important as basic energy resource to the national economic development and human progress.But coal mining simultaneously also grows with each passing day to the harm that environment causes; The destruction of surface collapse, coal mining waste water, coal gangue and ecology of mining areas that mainly comprising mines causes; Wherein surface collapse is particularly serious to the influence of environment; Causing the sedimentation on ground and subside, village, pipeline, bridge and railway etc. are damaged, sink and causes large-area ponding and soil salinification and can't cultivate in the farmland.The surface collapse major cause is because coal mine gob does not cause through rational follow-up improvement.

The mining with stowing technology is to utilize to have certain intensity and cheap material bashing, both can control the surface collapse of mining and causing, again can fully back production resource, and the target of realization resource and environment, safety, Development of Economy.

The several stages of world's mining with stowing technical development

(1) dry filling

Dry filling is that placement method is the earliest used in domestic and international mine.Dry filling is dry filling materials such as the piece stone of gathering, sandstone, soil, industrial residue to be transported to manpower, gravity or mechanical means treat fill area, forms compressible loose pack body.Shortcomings such as such filling labour demand is big, operating cost is high, the stope filling time long, influence production, and filling effect is undesirable.

(2) hydraulic stowing

Because dry filling exists many problems, has developed hydraulic stowing gradually, the 1950's, hydraulic stowing obtained widespread use to the sixties.Up to the present, hydraulic stowing is used the widest in the colliery, and it is also best to subtract heavy effect.

(3) consolidated fill

Because the compaction material of hydraulic stowing lacks cohesive characteristic, can not form the obturator of firm self-support, the sixties in 20th century, the metal mine of countries such as Canada, the U.S., Australia, China begins to test the consolidated fill technology.The consolidated fill technology has also experienced by the process of lower concentration to the high density development.Middle 1960s, generally adopt silicate cement or other gelling material to add in the low concentration of water sandfilling material, mass concentration 60%～68% had both improved strength of filling mass, was easy to realize the waterpower conveying again.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency that is directed against prior art provides a kind of coal mine gob filling material that utilizes coal gangue to manufacture.

Technical scheme of the present invention is following:

A kind of coal mine gob filling material that utilizes coal gangue to manufacture, material comprises coal gangue, flyash and cement, the weight ratio of coal gangue, flyash and cement is 15: 4: 0.6.

Coal gangue is the maximum industrial residue of China's quantity discharged, accounts for 1/4 of national industrial residue quantity discharged.Coal gangue is thrown aside, takies tract.Sulfide in the coal gangue is overflowed or leached can atmosphere pollution, farmland and water body.Waste dump also can the spontaneous combustion presence of fire, or in the avalanche in rainy season, silts the river up and cause disaster.China accumulates coal gangue and reaches more than 1,000,000,000 tons, also will discharge 100,000,000 tons of coal gangues every year.For decontamination, from the sixties, a lot of countries begin to pay attention to the processing and the utilization of coal gangue.The conventional landfill method of coal gangue is that coal gangue is directly inserted the pool, lake, ditch or the low-lying area that subsides, and any processing is not done in place and waste.Its technology is simple, and is with low cost, but cause second environmental pollution, is the source of pollution with bigger threat, influences the sustainable development in mine.Therefore rationally utilize the potential gelling property of coal gangue, be filled to underground worked-out section, reduce face of land volume of cargo in storage to increase operation rate to greatest extent.

Flyash is the waste material that heat power plant dumps, be quantity big, have a very wide distribution, one of the industrial residue of a large amount of land occupation, serious environment pollution.At present, the annual flyash quantity discharged of China reaches 100,000,000 tons, but utilization ratio only 23%.Yet the silicate industry shows that to the research of flyash flyash is a kind of artificial pozzolanic material, has certain bonding capacity, can partly replace cement.The volcano grey matter characteristic of flyash has certain calcareous activity.In cemented filling material, add a certain amount of flyash, can improve the intensity, particularly later strength of obturator.Up to the present, at home and abroad the water conservancy project dam and civil engineering, flyash part place of cement is very general; In dam concrete and the building slab; The volume of flyash is generally 20%～40%, have up to 50%～60%, obtained good economical effectiveness.With regard to the mine, consolidated fill need use a large amount of cement, causes the input of cement expense in the placement operation high, and production cost is high.In the mine cemented filling operation, utilize flyash to replace part cement,, reduce production costs to reduce the filling expense in mine.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.

1. starting material are selected

(1) filling cost is to adopt to take higher one of ore removal cost in the mine of cemented filling method, and the compaction material expense is again the principal element that constitutes filling cost.Therefore the mine select compaction material the time, satisfy under the requirement of strength prerequisite at compaction material, consider that at first raw-material source is wide, cost is low; Select for use the solid industrial wastes such as flyash behind colliery waste coal gangue and the coal burning to do compaction material, not only with low cost, and can solve the blowdown problem of bargh, so this type using industrial solid waste should be the first-selected material of compaction material.

2. material mixture ratio and intensity experiment

Material particle size is seen table 1:

Table 1 material and particle diameter (mm)

Material	Coal gangue	Flyash	Cement (32.5)
				Particle diameter	0.074～20	0.005～0.3	0.05～0.3

According to investigation and pre-stage test, account for 3%, 5%, 7% of compaction material total amount with cement and be the basis, the mass ratio of coal gangue and flyash is to design proportioning at 15: 4, and designs one group of blank that does not contain cement as contrast.

Proportioning 1: coal gangue: flyash: cement=15: 4: 0;

Proportioning 2: coal gangue: flyash: cement=15: 4: 0.6;

Proportioning 3: coal gangue: flyash: cement=15: 4: 1;

Proportioning 4: coal gangue: flyash: cement=15: 4: 1.4;

Mould filling solid total mass is 1.5Kg, and each is organized the consumption of compaction material and sees table 2

Table 2 is respectively organized the compaction material proportioning

	Cement (Kg)	Flyash (Kg)	Coal gangue (Kg)	Water consumption (Kg)
					Sample 1	0	0.316	1.184	0.292
Sample 2	0.045	0.306	1.149	0.294
					Sample 3	0.075	0.300	1.125	0.389
Sample 4	0.105	0.294	1.101	0.355

With coal gangue screening and cleaning, add flyash then and stir with the normal concrete stirrer, add cement again and fully stir; Add entry at last; Water consumption requires to decide according to filling process and haul distance etc., requires under the situation satisfying workability etc., and water consumption is minimum as far as possible.Maintenance is after 7 days on request to process test specimen, and the result that uniaxial compressive strength is measured is as shown in table 3:

Table 3 uniaxial compressive strength measuring result

Sample	Sample 1	Sample 2	Sample 3	Sample 4
					Proportioning (coal gangue: flyash: cement)	15∶4∶0	15∶4∶0.6	15∶4∶1	15∶4∶1.4
Intensity (Mpa)	0.32	0.40	0.66	0.85

The requirement of strength that satisfies the colliery obturator is between 0.3 to 5Mpa, so the intensity of 4 proportioning compaction materials all satisfies the requirement of coal mine gob filling intensity.

Consider the factor of cost, satisfying under the requirement of strength situation, select the few proportioning of cement consumption for use, i.e. the proportioning of sample 2, the content of cement is 3% in the compaction material, the weight ratio between coal gangue, flyash and the cement is 15: 4: 0.6.

If further reduce cost, can adopt proportioning 1, promptly not needing cement, the weight ratio of coal gangue, flyash is 15: 4.Otherwise, if gain in strength, can adopt proportioning 3 or proportioning 4, the weight ratio between coal gangue, flyash and the cement is 15: 4: 1 or 15: 4: 1.4.

Through in Shaanxi Bin County domestic, be positioned at that one colliery, loess gully district is discarded adopts the hole experiment, can satisfy the processing requirement of small-sized dump truck transportation filling, the intensity of solidifying each measuring point of back all more than 0.3Mpa, satisfies requirement of strength.

Utilize mine and trade waste coal gangue, flyash to be raw material, add small amount of cement, process the compaction material that satisfies coal mine gob filling body requirement of strength, realized the conversion of pollutent to resource.

Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.

Claims

1. a coal mine gob filling material that utilizes coal gangue to manufacture is characterized in that material comprises coal gangue, flyash and cement, and the weight ratio of coal gangue, flyash and cement is 15: 4: 0.6.