CN102601340A - Aluminum alloy die-casting mold and preparation process for forming protective coating on surface of inner cavity of aluminum alloy die-casting mold - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy die-casting mold and preparation process for forming protective coating on surface of inner cavity of aluminum alloy die-casting mold Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy die-casting mold and a preparation process for forming a protective coating on the surface of an inner cavity of the aluminum alloy die-casting mold. The aluminum alloy die-casting mold is characterized in that: a ZrB2 composite coating, which is metallurgically bonded with the surface of the inner cavity of the die-casting mold, is prepared by taking ZrB2 and Co powder as a cladding material by a preset powder or synchronous powder feeding laser cladding mode. The preparation process for forming the protective coating on the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy die-casting mold comprises the following steps of: 1) die-casting mold pretreatment; and 2) laser cladding. The aluminum alloy die-casting mold provided by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and abrasion resistance, and solves the technical problems that: in the traditional aluminum alloy die-casting mold, the corrosion resistance is nonideal, and fatigue cracks easily generate on the surface of the die-casting mold due to frequent cold and thermal cycles in the die-casting production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation technology of a kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die and the protective coating of the surperficial formation in chamber within it.
Background technology
Die casting is that a kind of high pressure that utilizes is forced molten metal is pressed in the complex-shaped metal die, and under pressure, solidifies a kind of microcast process that forms foundry goods.Birmasil has low-density, high strength, good moldability, advantage such as corrosion-resistant, and the aluminium alloy compression casting The Application of Technology has improved stock utilization, can go out parts complex-shaped and that surface quality is good with low-cost, high-speed and high accuracy die casting simultaneously.The critical equipment that die casting is produced as die casting, the quality of its performance will directly influence the quality and the cost of aluminum alloy die casting.The aluminum alloy die-casting die material that is most widely used at present is a hot die steel.The service condition very severe of aluminum alloy die-casting die not only faces serious corrosion owing to directly contacting molten aluminium alloy, and is prone to the generation fatigue crack owing in die casting is produced, will stand frequent cold cycling on the die casting surface.Therefore, the modal failure mode of aluminum alloy die-casting die is corrosion and fatigue crack.Though can improve the present application performance of hot-work die steel aluminum alloy die-casting die the most widely to a certain extent through the alloying component adjustment, its performance still remains further to be promoted.
If aluminum alloy die-casting die is carried out suitable surface treatment, can increase substantially the decay resistance and the heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance of mould, thereby improve the quality and the service life of mould.Can significantly improve its decay resistance in molten aluminium alloy after the hot die steel boronising is handled, but, be prone to that in use coating takes place and lost efficacy because boride layer self fragility is big, densification and infiltration layer are thinner inadequately for structure.Nitrogen treatment also can significantly improve the corrosion resisting property and the heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance of hot die steel, but also has the problems referred to above.Physical vapour deposition (PVD) and thermal spraying also are comparatively commonly used to prepare the technology of nitride and boride cement coating at surface of hot die steel, but prepared Bond Strength of Coating still remains further raising.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is: pay no attention to think of and in die casting is produced, will stand the technical problem that frequent cold cycling die casting surface is prone to produce fatigue crack for solving existing aluminum alloy die-casting die decay resistance; The present invention provides the preparation technology of a kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die and the protective coating of the surperficial formation in chamber within it; The surface of internal cavity of its die casting has the mode that adopts fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.ZrB
2Composite coating has excellent decay resistance, heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance and anti-wear performance, and is metallurgical binding with die casting surface of internal cavity that hot die steel is made; Can effectively improve the service life of aluminum alloy die-casting die.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die is made by hot-work die steel material, and the surface of internal cavity of die casting has protective coating, and described protective coating is for adopting the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.
Laser melting coating is a kind of new process for modifying surface; Through adding cladding material at matrix surface and utilize the laser beam of high power density to make it the method with the consolidation of matrix surface thin layer, forming with it at matrix surface is the high-performance face coat of defectives such as metallurgical binding and pore-free, crackle.This technology can be prepared high performance face coat with lower cost with dystectic alloy material or ceramic material cladding at low-melting matrix surface on matrix.Characteristics such as laser melting coating has that dilution factor is little, dense structure, coating and matrix bond are good.And the rapidly solidification process of laser melting coating can also obtain micron or nanocrystalline structure coating.Laser melting coating workpiece pre-treating technology is simple, and cladding need not carry out under vacuum environment, and workpiece size is unrestricted basically, can be used for processed complex surface or large scale mould.In the prior art laser melting and coating technique be mainly used in to metal parts surface repair, the raising of wear-resisting and corrosion resisting property; Its common used material mainly contains three types: self-fluxing alloyed powder; Can be divided into Ni-based, cobalt-based and iron-based self-fluxing alloy, its main feature is to contain boron and silicon; The metal-ceramic composite powder end by cermet hard phase and the phase composition of metal or alloy bonding, mainly contains (Co, Ni)-WC and (NiCr, NiCrAl) Cr
3C
2Deng series, have very high hardness and good wearability; Oxide ceramic powder has performances such as good high temperature resistance is heat insulation, wear-resisting, anti-corrosion.The selection of cladding material focuses on the compatibility aspect with matrix material, takes into account its corrosion resisting property in molten aluminum liquid simultaneously.Inventor of the present invention is bold in innovation through constantly exploring, and adopts ZrB
2+ Co powder is as cladding material, ZrB
2Pottery has high-melting-point, high strength, high rigidity, high chemical stability, favorable conductive, heat conduction, corrosion resisting property, and the performance of excellent preventing corrosion from molten metals; Add simultaneously metallic cobalt as binding agent to improve ZrB
2The cladding performance of material is also dwindled ZrB
2The thermal dilation difference of composite coating and matrix improves Bond Strength of Coating.
For making protective coating have desirable decay resistance, abrasion resistance properties and heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance, and best with substrate combinating strength, as preferably, described ZrB
2The thickness of composite coating is 0.1 ~ 2mm.
The composition of described cladding material is weight percentage, 5 ~ 20%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 200 ~ 500 orders, laser melting coating.Proper C o can improve ZrB
2The cladding performance of material is also dwindled ZrB
2The thermal dilation difference of composite coating and matrix improves Bond Strength of Coating, and too high Co content can influence the abrasion resistance properties of coating simultaneously, influences the service life of coating.The cladding material powder size too carefully is prone to reunite, and molten bath internal mobility difference is not easy to moulding in the cladding process; Mobile relatively poor in the too thick cladding process of powder size, there are defectives such as crackle, hole easily in the coating that cladding forms.
Preparation technology at aluminum alloy die-casting die surface of internal cavity formation protective coating the steps include:
1) aluminum alloy die-casting die inner chamber preliminary treatment
With the surface of internal cavity of the die casting of the hot-work die steel material that processes with sand papering after, carry out oil removing and clean, dry up subsequent use then;
2) laser melting coating
Adopt the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and die casting is a matrix, forms with matrix surface at the surface of internal cavity of said die casting to be metallurgical binding, and has the ZrB with the complete heterogeneity of matrix
2Composite coating.
For reaching good oil removing cleaning performance, described oil removing is die casting to be put into the ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing of acetone soln clean, and uses deionized water rinsing then, and the ultrasonic oil removing time is 3 ~ 5min.
Said laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 1000 ~ 2500W, spot diameter Φ 2-4mm, hot spot translational speed 5 ~ 20mm/s; Said laser cladding process adopts side-blown 12 ~ 18L/min argon gas that the cladding zone is protected.Because the physical property difference such as thermal coefficient of expansion between coating material and the metallic matrix are very big, make the matching between coating and the metallic matrix bad, cladding layer such as is prone to crack at defective, has a strong impact on the quality of cladding layer.For the coating of the even compact that obtains to have specific macromechanics, heterogeneous microstructure, must be according to powder kind, quantity and granularity different, select suitable laser cladding technological parameter.Laser cladding technological parameter mainly comprises the addition manner of laser power, spot diameter, laser scanning speed, cladding material etc.Increase, the sweep speed of power density reduces, the cladding layer flatness increases, tearing tendency reduces.But power is excessive, and sweep speed is too slow, can cause cladding layer alloy scaling loss, and dilution rate increases, and the heat affected area increases.The laser cladding layer width is mainly determined by spot size.The cladding material chemical composition is maximum, the most complicated to the cladding layer quality influence.Generally speaking, carbon, boron content height, cladding layer hardness is high, tearing tendency is big; Nickel, cobalt content height, tearing tendency is little.Silicon, boron content height, the cladding layer flatness is high.Therefore, have only the good collocation of realization between each technological parameter, could obtain to meet the coating that actual performance requires.Inventor of the present invention is taking all factors into consideration factors such as metal matrix material, coating material and performance requirement thereof; Process characteristic in conjunction with laser melting coating; Design Theory and follow-up a large amount of experimental study through early stage; Adopt the coating structure of above-mentioned prepared tiny, do not have defective and be metallurgical binding with matrix, the coating microhardness value can improve die life more than 3-5 times about HV2500.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the surface of internal cavity of aluminum alloy die-casting die of the present invention has the mode that adopts fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating, ZrB
2Composite coating has excellent decay resistance, heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance and anti-wear performance, and is metallurgical binding with die casting surface of internal cavity that hot die steel is made; Can effectively improve the service life of aluminum alloy die-casting die.The preparation technology of aluminum alloy die-casting die protective coating of the present invention; Have production equipment and advantage of simple technology; And cladding need not carried out under vacuum environment, and workpiece size is unrestricted basically, therefore can be used for processed complex surface or large scale mould.The coating structure of preparation is tiny, do not have defective and be metallurgical binding with matrix, the coating microhardness value about HV2500, can improve die life 3-5 doubly more than.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die is made by hot-work die steel material, and the surface of internal cavity of die casting has protective coating, and described protective coating is for adopting the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.ZrB
2The thickness of composite coating is 0.1mm.The composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 5%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 200 orders, laser melting coating.
This aluminum alloy die-casting die inner chamber forms the preparation technology of protective coating, and its processing step is:
1) die casting inner chamber preliminary treatment: the surface of internal cavity of the die casting of the hot-work die steel material that processes is polished with the sand paper of 400#, 600#, 1000# respectively step by step; Die casting is put into the ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing of acetone soln to be cleaned; The ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing time is 3 ~ 5min; Use deionized water rinsing then, dry up subsequent use.
2) laser melting coating: adopt the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and the composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 5%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 200 orders, laser melting coating.Die casting is a matrix, forms with matrix surface at the surface of internal cavity of said die casting to be metallurgical binding, and has and the thickness of the complete heterogeneity of the matrix ZrB at 0.1mm
2Composite coating.The laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 1000W, spot diameter Φ 2mm, hot spot translational speed 20mm/s.And laser cladding process adopts side-blown 12 ~ 18L/min argon gas that the cladding zone is protected.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die is made by hot-work die steel material, and the surface of internal cavity of die casting has protective coating, and described protective coating is for adopting the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.ZrB
2The thickness of composite coating is 0.5mm.The composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 10%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 200 orders, laser melting coating.
This aluminum alloy die-casting die inner chamber forms the preparation technology of protective coating, and its processing step is:
1) die casting inner chamber preliminary treatment: the surface of internal cavity of the die casting of the hot-work die steel material that processes is polished with the sand paper of 400#, 600#, 1000# respectively step by step; Die casting is put into the ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing of acetone soln to be cleaned; The ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing time is 3 ~ 5min; Use deionized water rinsing then, dry up subsequent use.
2) laser melting coating: adopt the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and the composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 10%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 200 orders, laser melting coating.Die casting is a matrix, forms with matrix surface at the surface of internal cavity of said die casting to be metallurgical binding, and has and the thickness of the complete heterogeneity of the matrix ZrB at 0.5mm
2Composite coating.The laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 1500W, spot diameter Φ 4mm, hot spot translational speed 15mm/s.And laser cladding process adopts side-blown 12 ~ 18L/min argon gas that the cladding zone is protected.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die is made by hot-work die steel material, and the surface of internal cavity of die casting has protective coating, and described protective coating is for adopting the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.ZrB
2The thickness of composite coating is 1.5mm.The composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 15%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 300 orders, laser melting coating.
This aluminum alloy die-casting die inner chamber forms the preparation technology of protective coating, and its processing step is:
1) die casting preliminary treatment: the surface of internal cavity of the die casting of the hot-work die steel material that processes is polished with the sand paper of 400#, 600#, 1000# respectively step by step; Die casting is put into the ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing of acetone soln to be cleaned; The ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing time is 3 ~ 5min; Use deionized water rinsing then, dry up subsequent use.
2) laser melting coating: adopt the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and the composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 15%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 300 orders, laser melting coating.Die casting is a matrix, forms with matrix surface at the surface of internal cavity of said die casting to be metallurgical binding, and has and the thickness of the complete heterogeneity of the matrix ZrB at 1.5mm
2Composite coating.The laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 2000W, spot diameter Φ 3mm, hot spot translational speed 10mm/s.And laser cladding process adopts side-blown 12 ~ 18L/min argon gas that the cladding zone is protected.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of aluminum alloy die-casting die is made by hot-work die steel material, and the surface of internal cavity of die casting has protective coating, and described protective coating is for adopting the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.ZrB
2The thickness of composite coating is 2mm.The composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 20%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 500 orders, laser melting coating.
This aluminum alloy die-casting die inner chamber forms the preparation technology of protective coating, and its processing step is:
1) die casting preliminary treatment: the surface of internal cavity of the die casting of the hot-work die steel material that processes is polished with the sand paper of 400#, 600#, 1000# respectively step by step; Die casting is put into the ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing of acetone soln to be cleaned; The ultrasonic auxiliary oil removing time is 3 ~ 5min; Use deionized water rinsing then, dry up subsequent use.
2) laser melting coating: adopt the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and the composition of cladding material is weight percentage, 20%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 500 orders, laser melting coating.Die casting is a matrix, forms with matrix surface at the surface of internal cavity of said die casting to be metallurgical binding, and has and the thickness of the complete heterogeneity of the matrix ZrB at 2mm
2Composite coating.The laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 2000W, spot diameter Φ 2mm, hot spot translational speed 10mm/s.And laser cladding process adopts side-blown 12 ~ 18L/min argon gas that the cladding zone is protected.
Claims (7)
1. an aluminum alloy die-casting die is made by hot-work die steel material, it is characterized in that: the surface of internal cavity of said die casting has protective coating, and described protective coating is for adopting the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and preparation and surface of internal cavity die casting are the ZrB of metallurgical binding
2Composite coating.
2. aluminum alloy die-casting die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described ZrB
2The thickness of composite coating is 0.1 ~ 2mm.
3. aluminum alloy die-casting die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the composition of described cladding material is weight percentage, 5 ~ 20%Co, surplus ZrB
2, adopt ball mill fully to mix before granularity 200 ~ 500 orders, laser melting coating.
4. one kind forms the preparation technology like each said protective coating of claim 1 to 3 at the aluminum alloy die-casting die surface of internal cavity, it is characterized in that processing step is:
1) aluminum alloy die-casting die inner chamber preliminary treatment
With the surface of internal cavity of the die casting of the hot-work die steel material that processes with sand papering after, carry out oil removing and clean, dry up subsequent use then;
2) laser melting coating
Adopt the mode of fore-put powder or synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating, with ZrB
2+ Co powder is a cladding material, and die casting is a matrix, forms with matrix surface at the surface of internal cavity of said die casting to be metallurgical binding, and has the ZrB with the complete heterogeneity of matrix
2Composite coating.
5. the preparation technology at aluminum alloy die-casting die surface of internal cavity formation protective coating as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: ultrasonic oil removing is adopted in the oil removing described in the step 1), and the oil removing time is 3 ~ 5min.
6. as claimed in claim 4ly form the preparation technology of protective coating, it is characterized in that: step 2 at the aluminum alloy die-casting die surface of internal cavity) described in the laser melting coating parameter be: laser power 1000 ~ 2500W, spot diameter Φ 2-4mm, hot spot translational speed 5 ~ 20mm/s.
7. the preparation technology at aluminum alloy die-casting die surface of internal cavity formation protective coating as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: said laser cladding process adopts side-blown 12 ~ 18L/min argon gas that the cladding zone is protected.
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| CN104028725A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 泰州市万达轮业制造有限公司 | Technology for manufacturing die-casting mold of three-dimensional stacking forming gradient structure |
| CN105414524A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-23 | 宁波瑞铭机械有限公司 | Mold for sewing machine cloth feeding teeth |
| CN105414523A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-23 | 宁波瑞铭机械有限公司 | Mold for needle rod eccentric pin of sewing machine |
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| CN110846651A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-28 | 山东农业工程学院 | Ceramic-reinforced cobalt-based cladding material, coating and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104028725B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-04-13 | 泰州市万达轮业制造有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional piles up the die casting mold technology for making of shaping gradient-structure |
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| CN105414524A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-23 | 宁波瑞铭机械有限公司 | Mold for sewing machine cloth feeding teeth |
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| CN109837365A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-04 | 上海交通大学 | Hot-work die and its composite modified layer and surface modifying method on surface |
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| CN110846651A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-28 | 山东农业工程学院 | Ceramic-reinforced cobalt-based cladding material, coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN112760545A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 湘潭大学 | Aluminum liquid corrosion resistant metal ceramic composite material, powder, coating of powder and sink roller |
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| CN114309534A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 恒新增材制造研究中心(佛山)有限公司 | Die-casting die and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120725 |