CN102599887B - Optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical projection tomography method based on a helical scanning track. The projection data obtained by an optical projection tomography (OPT) system in a helical scanning manner is rearranged to be transformed to a series of sinusoidal projection images scanned in a circular track, and the sinusoidal projection images are reconstructed, so as to obtain a sample three-dimensional fault structure. The optical projection tomography method provided in the embodiment of the invention can be used for effectively expanding the view of the optical projection tomography, in particular to the imaging view for long and thin objects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical projection fault imaging (Optical Projection Tomography, abbreviation OPT) technology, more particularly to a kind of optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track.
Background technology
Optical projection tomography technology is to utilize light in small size organism along the characteristics of straightline propagation, and transmitting luminous ray penetrates sample, and the sample projection view of multiple angles is then gathered with camera, carries out three-dimensional imaging.Specifically, when carrying out optical projection fault imaging, need to carry out multi-angle scanning to sample, step-by-step movement rotation is typically carried out to sample using automatically controlled turntable, sample in an angle acquisition one or more projected image, scanning process is often rotated to, without movement vertically and horizontally, only to rotate, laser is also believed to from another angle and detector rotates around tested sample along circular orbit, and this scan mode is referred to as circular orbit scan.The data that optical projection computed tomography (SPECT) system circular orbit scan is finally collected are a series of two-dimensional projection images that light passes through sample under different angles, if certain a line of all projected images all extracted, a sub-picture is superposed to according to scanning sequency by row successively, it can be obtained by a similar sinusoidal sinogram, each width sinogram has corresponded to a level reconstruction tomography of sample, the three-dimension disclocation that all sinograms have just corresponded to sample rebuilds body, and the process from data for projection to sample three-dimension disclocation structure is referred to as optical projection fault imaging three-dimensional reconstruction.
Optical projection tomography technology can realize the structure and molecular specificity functional imaging of 1-10 mm-scale biological samples, have many advantages, such as that high resolution, structure-function integration, radiationless, cost are low, it can carry out the qualitative and quantitative study of cellular level in small yardstick to living body biological, realize the real-time, noninvasive of organism, dynamic, imaging in vivo.But optical projection tomography technology is normally based on circular orbit scan, its visual field is cube, limited view, when being scanned especially for slender body, or it makes cube visual field that whole sample is completely covered using less light path multiplication factor, but spatial resolution is poor;Using larger light path multiplication factor, spatial resolution is higher, but sample can not be completely covered in visual field, is only capable of carrying out sample local fine imaging.When being directed to slender body at present in the world and be scanned, method is there is no while realizing sample all standing and high spatial resolution, this problem is referred to as " long materials " problem.
Optical projection fault imaging occur " long materials " can not high-resolution imaging problem key reason be scanning process typically use circular orbit, i.e. sample only has rotation, there is no translation, circular orbit scan causes effective visual field of optical projection fault imaging to be a cube, and for elongated sample, itself it is not cubic shaped, when carrying out the scanning of optical projection fault imaging, if sample is completely covered in the pressure cube visual field, imaging precision will necessarily be lost in the length direction of sample.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
To solve the problem of optical projection fault imaging circular orbit scan can not be to long materials Precise imaging, the invention provides a kind of optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track, by carrying out three-dimensional imaging to the data for projection of helical scanning, visual field of the optical projection fault imaging to long materials, accuracy and speed are improved.
(2) technical scheme
The helical orbit data for projection that the present invention is gathered for optical projection computed tomography (SPECT) system, carry out three-dimension disclocation imaging, utilize spiral scan pattern, the visual field of optical projection fault imaging is expanded to cuboid by the present embodiment from cube, effectively increase axial imaging precision, solve slender body can not high-resolution imaging the problem of.
The invention provides a kind of optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track, it is characterised in that including:
A series of obtained perspective views are scanned for helical orbit, using the axial location and projection angle of perspective view, the visual field of three-dimensional reconstruction body are determined;
The three-dimensional reconstruction body is divided into multiple axial directions tomography to be reconstructed, each data rearrangement will be carried out by tomography to be reconstructed corresponding projection row in axial direction, and obtain the corresponding sinogram of axial direction tomography to be reconstructed;
For each sinogram, fast tomographic reconstruction is carried out using the hardware concurrent method of general graphical card;
Tomography after all fast tomographics are rebuild is stacked successively, obtains three-dimensional reconstruction body.Specifically, the present invention includes two steps:Data rearrangement, three-dimensional reconstruction, the two steps can completely realize the three-dimension disclocation imaging of helical scan data.Wherein, data rearrangement step is according to the axial location and projection angle of each width perspective view, a series of perspective views that helical scanning is obtained, reset, data for projection corresponding to each tomography to be reconstructed is extracted and stitched together, form sinogram, by the step for, helical projection data can be converted into circular orbit data for projection (in optical projection fault imaging, by all data for projection of a radial direction tomography to be reconstructed according to angle split be piece image, commonly referred to as sinogram, sinogram, it has corresponded to the tomography to be reconstructed and required data is reconstructed);Three-dimensional reconstruction step reconstructs the three-dimension disclocation internal structure of sample using hardware concurrent method and circular orbit filtered back projection method for reconstructing of the sinogram after resetting using general graphical card.
(3) beneficial effect
The embodiment of the present invention can quickly realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of optical projection fault imaging helical scan data, on the premise of imaging precision is ensured, expand visual field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be optical projection tomography method of the embodiment of the present invention based on helical scanning track in, on imaging system scan track schematic diagram;Wherein, Fig. 1 a show the circular orbit scan mode and visual field of ordinary optical projection fault imaging;Fig. 1 b show the helical orbit scan mode and visual field that the embodiment of the present invention used;
Fig. 2 be optical projection tomography method of the embodiment of the present invention based on helical scanning track in, carry out data rearrangement process;Wherein Fig. 2 a show that spiral three-dimensional is rebuild in body, and a tomography to be reconstructed is mapped to the process of correspondence projection row in two perspective views;Fig. 2 b are shown carries out the sinogram that data rearrangement is obtained by the corresponding all projection rows of tomography to be reconstructed in Fig. 2 a by projection sequence;
During Fig. 3 is optical projection tomography method of the embodiment of the present invention based on helical scanning track, helical scanning is carried out for mouse bone, and obtained three-dimension disclocation figure is rebuild using the method for the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is in optical projection tomography method of the embodiment of the present invention based on helical scanning track, the three-dimensional reconstruction body to mouse bone carries out visual result, it can be seen that the present invention can effectively expand the visual field of optical projection fault imaging.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and referring to the drawings, the present invention is described in more detail.Although the demonstration of the parameter comprising particular value can be provided herein, it is to be understood that parameter is without being definitely equal to corresponding value, but described value can be similar in acceptable error margin or design constraint.
The present invention is a kind of optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track.Present invention is specifically directed to the data for projection that optical projection computed tomography (SPECT) system is gathered under helical orbit scan mode, three-dimension disclocation imaging, the extended parallel port visual field are carried out.As shown in Figure 1a, current optical projection fault imaging typically uses circular orbit scan mode, its effective visual field is a cube, and for elongated sample, itself it is not cubic shaped, when carrying out the scanning of optical projection fault imaging, if force sample completely in the cube visual field, sample axially will necessarily lose imaging precision;As shown in Figure 1 b, the embodiment of the present invention uses new spiral scan pattern, using rotary sample and axial translation, the visual field of optical projection fault imaging is expanded into cuboid, high accuracy is not only remained, while realizing the expansion of visual field.Imaging of the big visual field is carried out present invention is specifically directed to the scan data of slender body, the characteristics of with quick, robust, high-resolution.
The implementation of the present invention is divided into two key steps:Data rearrangement and three-dimensional reconstruction, wherein data rearrangement utilize projection view axial location and projection angle, obtain a series of sinogram pictures, and one tomography to be reconstructed of each sinogram correspondence, all sinogram corresponding three-dimensionals rebuild body;Quick three-dimensional cross sectional reconstruction carries out hardware concurrent acceleration using high performance universal graphics card to traditional circular orbit filtered back-projection method, goes out each tomography using sinogram quick reconfiguration, all tomographies are stacked successively and just obtain three-dimensional reconstruction body.The step of the description present invention is tested below with elongated bone, spiraled optical projection fault imaging is carried out using the bone of mouse in experiment, the projection view pixel count of imaging system collection is 500*500, each pixel size is 24 microns, in data acquisition, sample angularly rotates, often rotate an angle, with regard to carrying out the once stepping such as axial direction translation, so actual scanning track is a helix, sample corotating 3 weeks, i.e., 3*360 °=1080 °, sample axially translates 15 millimeters altogether, and the projection view of 1030 angles is gathered altogether.So that bone is tested as an example, detailed step of the invention is as follows:
Step S1:This step is directed to a series of perspective view of the axial translations collected under spiral scan pattern, according to the axial location and scanning angle of every width perspective view, first with the first width and the axial location of last width perspective view, with reference to the size of perspective view, the whole visual field for rebuilding body is calculated;Then carry out rebuilding the fault division of body, tomography pixel size and tomography thickness are both configured to the size of perspective view pixel, the number of voxels for rebuilding body is calculated;Then, for each tomography to be reconstructed, its corresponding axial location is calculated, and positions its projection row in each perspective view, all correspondence projection rows are rearranged to a sinogram by scanning sequency.Fig. 2 shows the process that spiral data is reset, and wherein Fig. 2 a, which are shown, shows 0 ° and 180 ° of two perspective views in the corresponding relation of a tomography and perspective view to be reconstructed in three-dimensional reconstruction body, figure, and the red line on perspective view is gone for the corresponding projection of tomography to be reconstructed;Fig. 2 b show the corresponding all projections of tomography to be reconstructed in Fig. 2 a were passed through reset after the sinogram that obtains, can go out corresponding tomography in Fig. 2 a using the sinogram with Exact Reconstruction.
Step S1-1:In order to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, it is necessary to calculate the three-dimensional imaging visual field, the i.e. size of three-dimensional reconstruction body first, it is assumed that the sample perspective view number of collection is M, each projected image prime number is N × N, and wherein N is the line number and columns of perspective view, and perspective view pixel size is ds, unit millimeter, the length and width of perspective view is all N × ds, the projection angle of i-th of perspective view is ri, wherein i=1,2,3 ..., M, the axial location recorded during the scanning of i-th perspective view isThe spiral scan trajectory of sample is upward generally along z-axis in the present embodiment, thereforeThe minimum axial direction position that then perspective view is recordedThe maximum axial position of perspective view recordSample axial direction visual field (field of view, FOV) beI.e. axial total displacement adds the height of a perspective view, and radial direction visual field is identical typically with the width of perspective view, i.e. Fovx=Fovy=N × ds;It is all mutually d to rebuild the voxel size of body and the pixel size of perspective views, therefore the voxel number that three-dimension disclocation rebuilds body is Numx=Fovx/ds=N, Numy=Fovy/ds=N, Numz=Fovz/ds, wherein NumzRepresent the tomography number of three-dimensional reconstruction body.This step can determine the visual field and the number of voxels of said three-dimensional body to be reconstructed.
Step S1-2:The process that spiral three-dimensional is rebuild can be converted into a series of cross sectional reconstruction in z-axis directions, and this step finds the corresponding sinogram of each tomography to be reconstructed of z-axis direction by data rearrangement, then tomography is rebuild one by one.The present embodiment calculates the corresponding z-axis position of each tomography to be reconstructed first, its corresponding projection row in each perspective view is found out using this position, then all projection rows of the tomography are arranged as a width sinogram according to scanning sequency, that is, complete the rearrangement of the tomography corresponding data.It is specific as follows:For k-th tomography (wherein k=1,2,3 ..., Num to be reconstructedz), position of its central plane in z-axis directionThe present embodiment using the corresponding z-axis position of tomography central plane as the z-axis position of tomography,For the corresponding z-axis position in the 1st tomography baseplane, for k-th of tomography, central plane correspondence (k-0.5) individual tomography of this layer, 0.5 represents half of tomography, (k-0.5) × dsRepresent relative to the 1st distance of the tomography baseplane in z-axis of k-th of tomography central plane.For i-th of perspective view, its z-axis interval covered isWherein The height of both one perspective views of difference.IfIllustrate that k-th of tomography can be projected on i-th of perspective view, present example then finds out a row nearest in k-th of tomography correspondence to be reconstructed, i-th of perspective view Wherein [] is to round symbol,I.e. kth rebuilds projection row of the tomography in i-th of perspective view, as shown in Figure 2 a, and the red line on perspective view represents the corresponding projection row of tomography;The corresponding all projection rows of k-th of tomography to be reconstructed are arranged as a width sinogram by us according to scanning sequency, the data for projection for completing k-th of tomography is reset, Fig. 2 b show the sinogram of tomography to be reconstructed in Fig. 2 a, and this step will be sequentially completed the data rearrangement of all tomographies.
Step S2:Cross sectional reconstruction is carried out one by one to each sinogram after rearrangement, three-dimension disclocation just can be obtained and rebuild body.This step uses parallel circular orbit filtered back projection method for reconstructing, those skilled in the art should be appreciated that, circular orbit filtered back projection method for reconstructing is one of circular orbit optical projection fault imaging field most classical method for reconstructing, it includes filtering and two steps of back projection, this step will be filtered on CPU, and back projection is because its amount of calculation is than larger, and with highly-parallel the characteristics of, the present invention is accelerated it parallel on high performance universal graphics card, parallel circular orbit filtered back projection method for reconstructing is realized, speed is rebuild in lifting.High performance graphicses card has stream handle many relative to CPU, the characteristics of a large amount of similar independent calculating can parallel being accelerated, and during the embodiment of the present invention is from the sinogram after filtering to the back projection of tomography, the reconstruction (i.e. back projection) of each pixel of tomography is separate, possesses parallel feature completely.The present embodiment realizes hardware concurrent back projection method in graphics card, in video memory first by the sinogram after filtering from the memory copying of computer to graphics card, then parallel back projection's operation is carried out to the sinogram in video memory using multiple stream handles of graphics card, each stream handle individually carries out back projection's operation of a tomography pixel, often complete the back projection of a pixel, stream handle turns to other unprocessed pixels and proceeds back projection, until tomography all pixels all complete back projection's operation all in video memory, it can be obtained by the reconstructed results of the tomography, the present embodiment copies the tomography result in video memory in internal memory to, shown and stored.
For the helical scanning three-dimensional rebuilding method of the present invention, Fig. 3 is in optical projection tomography method of the embodiment of the present invention based on helical scanning track, the three-dimension disclocation figure that spiral scan reconstruction is obtained is carried out using mouse bone, it can be seen that the structure of bones is very clear.
Fig. 4 carries out visual result to be directed to bone three-dimensional structure in optical projection tomography method of the embodiment of the present invention based on helical scanning track, it can be seen that, by spiral reconstruction, visual field completely covers the bone of elongated shape, and then demonstrate effectiveness of the invention.
In summary, the present invention proposes a kind of optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track, realizes that the three-dimension disclocation of helical scanning data for projection is imaged, the characteristics of it has the big imaging visual field, high accuracy, fast imaging, specifically:
(1) in scan mode, the embodiment of the present invention adds the axial translation of sample on the basis of traditional round parallel track beam scanning, realizes the spiral scan pattern of optical projection fault imaging, extends visual field;
(2) during data rearrangement, the embodiment of the present invention is directed to helical scanning perspective view, utilize the scanning angle and axial location of perspective view, find out the corresponding sinogram of each tomography to be reconstructed, helical scan data is rearranged to the form of circular orbit scan data, process of reconstruction is not only simplify, imaging precision is more ensure that;
(3) during spiral three-dimensional is rebuild, the embodiment of the present invention is accelerated parallel to traditional circular orbit filter back-projection algorithm, improves the speed of three-dimension disclocation imaging.
Particular embodiments described above; the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; it should be understood that; it the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; it is not intended to limit the invention; within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of optical projection tomography method based on helical scanning track, it is characterised in that including:
A series of obtained perspective views are scanned for helical orbit, using the axial location and projection angle of perspective view, the visual field of three-dimensional reconstruction body is calculated according to below equation:
Foux=Fouy=N×ds
Wherein FouxAnd FouyFor the visual field of radial direction visual field, i.e. horizontal direction, unit is millimeter, FouxRepresent the position in x-axis in the horizontal direction, FouyRepresent the position in y-axis in the horizontal direction, FouzFor the visual field of axial visual field, i.e. vertical direction z-axis, unit is millimeter, and N is the line number and columns of perspective view, in helical scanning, often scans a perspective view, imaging system will record the corresponding z-axis position of the perspective view,The maximum of perspective view z-axis position during for helical scanning,The minimum value of perspective view z-axis position during for helical scanning, unit is millimeter, dsFor the pixel size of perspective view, unit is millimeter, and maximum, the minimum value of perspective view z-axis position are calculated according to below equation:
Wherein M is sample perspective view number,The axial location recorded during for i-th of perspective view scanning, i=1,2 ..., M, scanning helical trajectory is upward along z-axis, thereforeWithRespectively first and last perspective view;
The three-dimensional reconstruction body is divided into multiple axial directions tomography to be reconstructed, each data rearrangement will be carried out by tomography to be reconstructed corresponding projection row in axial direction, and obtain the corresponding sinogram of axial direction tomography to be reconstructed:Wherein calculated according to below equation and rebuild body image prime number:
Numx=Foux/ds=N
Numy=Fouy/ds=N
Numz=Fouz/ds
Wherein NumxFor the line number of each tomography to be reconstructed, NumyFor the line number of each tomography to be reconstructed, NumzFor the tomography number in z-axis direction, the voxel size for rebuilding body is ds, it is identical with the pixel size of perspective view;
When carrying out data rearrangement, projection row of each tomography correspondence to be reconstructed in perspective view is calculated, if k-th of tomographic projection to be reconstructed is to i-th of perspective view, the corresponding projection row of the tomography is calculated according to below equation:
Wherein k=1,2,3, Numz,For the corresponding z-axis position of k-th of tomography,For i-th projection map combining minimum z-axis position,The z-axis position recorded during for i-th of perspective view scanning, the position recorded during scanning is the corresponding z-axis position in perspective view bottom;Wherein k-th is calculated according to below equation rebuild the corresponding z-axis position of tomography:
Wherein, k=1,2,3 ..., Numz, using the corresponding z-axis position of tomography central plane as the z-axis position of tomography,For the corresponding z-axis position in the 1st tomography baseplane, for k-th of tomography, central plane correspondence (k-0.5) individual tomography of this layer, 0.5 represents half of tomography, (k-0.5) × dsRepresent relative to the 1st distance of the tomography baseplane in z-axis of k-th of tomography central plane;If k-th of tomographic projection to be reconstructed is into i-th of perspective view, it meets below equation:
Wherein,For the minimum z-axis position of i-th of projection map combining, i.e., the position recorded when the perspective view is scanned;For the maximum z-axis position of i-th of projection map combining, it is height of the minimum position plus a projected image;
For each sinogram, fast tomographic reconstruction is carried out using the hardware concurrent method of general graphical card, is specifically included:In video memory first by the sinogram after filtering from the memory copying of computer to graphics card, then parallel back projection's operation is carried out to the sinogram in video memory using multiple stream handles of graphics card, each stream handle individually carries out back projection's operation of a tomography pixel, often complete the back projection of a pixel, stream handle turns to other unprocessed pixels and proceeds back projection, until tomography all pixels all complete back projection's operation all in video memory, it is possible to obtain the reconstructed results of the tomography;
Tomography after all fast tomographics are rebuild is stacked successively, obtains three-dimensional reconstruction body.
2. the optical projection tomography method as claimed in claim 1 based on helical scanning track, it is characterized in that, when carrying out data rearrangement, for each tomography to be reconstructed, find out its corresponding all projection row, and a sinogram is superposed to by row is projected according to scanning sequency, then along the z-axis direction, the data rearrangement of tomography correspondence sinogram is completed one by one.
3. the optical projection tomography method as claimed in claim 1 based on helical scanning track, characterized in that, when carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction, for each sinogram, each tomography is reconstructed using parallel circular orbit filtered back projection method for reconstructing, and then obtains three-dimension disclocation and rebuilds body.
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