CN102595259A - Method and system for coding wavelength tag - Google Patents
Method and system for coding wavelength tag Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102595259A CN102595259A CN2012100547989A CN201210054798A CN102595259A CN 102595259 A CN102595259 A CN 102595259A CN 2012100547989 A CN2012100547989 A CN 2012100547989A CN 201210054798 A CN201210054798 A CN 201210054798A CN 102595259 A CN102595259 A CN 102595259A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- encoding
- code word
- coding
- determining
- requirement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100476210 Caenorhabditis elegans rnt-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
- H04J14/0256—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer
- H04J14/0257—Wavelength assignment algorithms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
- H04J14/0256—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer
- H04J14/0258—Wavelength identification or labelling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for coding a wavelength tag. Aiming at the wavelength tag, data coding requirements, a coding mode for meeting the coding requirements and a codeword mapping relationship in the coding mode can be determined, so that the wavelength tag can be coded according to the data coding requirements, the coding mode and the codeword mapping relationship. According to the method and the system for coding the wavelength tag, by the technology for coding the wavelength tag, the wavelength tag can be coded, and the technology has the remarkable advantages of simplicity in implementation and low in cost. By the data coding of the wavelength tag, the codeword balance of a channel can be improved, and possible long continuous 0s or long continuous 1s can be eliminated from a codeword, so that the high signal to noise ratio of a receiver can be ensured. In addition, much data stream control information can be provided. If the wavelength tag is not subjected to the data coding, the codeword balance of the channel cannot be ensured, and the data stream control information cannot be transmitted in the wavelength tag.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a method and a system for realizing encoding of a wavelength label.
Background
With the development of WDM (Wavelength Division multiplexing), current Optical communication networks can simultaneously transmit Optical signals with several tens to several hundreds of wavelengths in the same Optical fiber, and the technology based on ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) facilitates the on-demand configuration of each Wavelength in Optical communication, so that each Wavelength in the Optical network does not maintain the same path between two sites, or a certain Wavelength is not always allocated to some two sites.
In order to perform network topology identification and optical channel detection, a low-frequency tag signal may be superimposed on a wavelength in an optical network, and at the same time, a tag signal in an optical channel may be identified on each node in the network, and information related to a transmission path of an optical signal in the network and other wavelengths may be obtained by solving information carried in the tag signal. The manner of loading the optical label signal includes using an electrically variable optical attenuator, an optical transmitter with a low speed modulation scheme, a high speed traffic modulator with a low speed modulation scheme, an optical amplifier, etc. The modulation depth of the wavelength tag signal is typically set between 2% and 10%.
The technology related to the wavelength label technology is described as follows: in a wavelength division multiplexing system, a pilot tone (pilot tone) signal is loaded for each wavelength, so that various special applications can be realized, which has been studied in the industry for a long time. The tuning signal is sometimes called a low-frequency perturbation (low-frequency) signal, and the influence of the wavelength signal loading the tuning signal on the transmission performance is almost negligible.
Currently, the existing technology only studies how to load a tag signal onto a wavelength channel by using an Electrical Variable Optical Attenuator (EVOA) device, but the loaded tag signal is a continuous analog signal with a specific frequency, is a signal that can only represent the tag frequency, and does not implement data encoding of the wavelength tag.
In a communication network, a receiving end needs to extract timing information from received data to achieve synchronization, which requires that a binary code stream transmitted in a line includes enough transitions, i.e., there are not too many consecutive high levels or consecutive low levels, which requires a data encoding technique. Data encoding is for signal synchronization and interference resistance, and specific encoding methods are divided into analog signal encoding and digital signal encoding, and the analog signal encoding is generally called signal modulation, and includes Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) method, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) method, and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) method. Commonly used digital signal codes include Non Return to Zero (NRZ) codes, Differential Non Return to Zero (DNRZ) codes, Manchester (Manchester) codes, and Differential Manchester (Differential Manchester) codes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for encoding a wavelength tag, so as to encode the wavelength tag.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of implementing encoding of a wavelength tag, the method comprising:
determining the requirement of data coding aiming at the wavelength label, determining the coding mode meeting the coding requirement, determining the code word mapping relation in the coding mode, and coding the wavelength label according to the code word mapping relation.
The method for determining the requirement of data coding comprises the following steps:
determining a starting position of a data stream; it is determined that there are a desired number of equalized transitions.
When determining the start position of the data stream, a suitable codeword is selected as the start position identifier in the illegal codeword space.
The method further comprises the following steps: finding out code words with balanced 0 and 1 in illegal code words to be used as special initial position marks;
the code word found in an illegal code word is an independent code word or a special illegal code word combined by a plurality of illegal code words.
The determined encoding mode is a 4B5B encoding method;
when the code word mapping relation is determined, the selected legal code words are as follows:
1) the length of the connecting rod 0 is not more than 3;
2) the length of the connection 1 is not less than 2.
A system for realizing the encoding of wavelength labels comprises an encoding requirement determining unit, an encoding mode determining unit and a code word mapping relation determining unit; wherein,
the encoding requirement determining unit is used for determining the requirement of data encoding aiming at the wavelength label;
the encoding mode determining unit is used for determining an encoding mode meeting the encoding requirement aiming at the wavelength label;
and the code word mapping relation determining unit is used for determining the code word mapping relation in the coding mode aiming at the wavelength label, and coding the wavelength label according to the code word mapping relation.
The encoding requirement determining unit, when determining the requirement of data encoding, is configured to:
determining a starting position of a data stream; it is determined that there are a desired number of equalized transitions.
The coding requirement determining unit is used for selecting a proper code word in the illegal code word space as a starting position identifier when determining the starting position of the data stream.
The coding requirement determining unit is further configured to find a codeword with balanced occurrence of 0 and 1 in the illegal codewords, and use the codeword as a special start position identifier;
the code word found in an illegal code word is an independent code word or a special illegal code word combined by a plurality of illegal code words.
The determined encoding mode is a 4B5B encoding method;
when the codeword mapping relationship determining unit determines the codeword mapping relationship, the selected legal codewords are:
1) the length of the connecting rod 0 is not more than 3;
2) the length of the connection 1 is not less than 2.
The technology for coding the wavelength label realizes the coding of the wavelength label and has the outstanding advantages of simple realization and low cost. The data coding is carried out on the wavelength label, so that the code word balance of a channel can be improved, and long continuous 0 or long continuous 1 which possibly appears in the code word is eliminated, thereby ensuring that a receiving end has better signal-to-noise ratio; further data flow control information may be provided. If the wavelength label is not encoded, the codeword equalization of the channel cannot be guaranteed, and the control information of the data stream cannot be transmitted in the wavelength label.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention for encoding a wavelength tag;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a preferred data encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of codewords for preferred data encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a system diagram for encoding a wavelength tag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
When the wavelength tag is encoded, from the perspective of the general operation idea, the following steps may be performed:
and step A, determining the requirement of data coding and analyzing.
Different channels have different data coding requirements, for example, for a channel with a higher baud rate, coding efficiency is an important requirement to be considered; for the channel sensitive to the level shift, the code stream equalization is an important requirement to be considered.
And B, selecting and designing a coding mode meeting the coding requirement.
The coding is to trade off the effective bandwidth for other performance improvement technologies, and various coding modes can be provided to meet the coding requirements.
And step C, designing a code word mapping relation in a coding mode in detail, and coding the wavelength label according to the code word mapping relation.
For the same encoding scheme, the mapping relationship between data and codewords may be different, depending on factors such as the statistical probability of occurrence of each codeword in a specific application of transmission.
According to the steps of the technical scheme, a coding method suitable for the wavelength label can be obtained.
The method for encoding the wavelength tag data is described below with reference to the drawings.
In practical application, the operations shown in fig. 1 may be performed, where fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a technical scheme of data encoding, and the flow may include the following steps:
Specifically, the wavelength tag can transmit data information at a predetermined baud rate when transmitting along the optical path. For an optical signal, a baud of a wavelength tag can carry a bit of information, so the wavelength tag can be understood as an expression of a serial channel.
The serial channel can be subdivided into synchronous and asynchronous serial channels. In asynchronous serial communication, a mechanism is needed to control the segmentation of the data stream, i.e. the start position of the data stream needs to be determined. One requirement for data encoding arises in that the start position of the data stream needs to be able to be determined.
The transmitting end of the wavelength label has electro-optical conversion, and the receiving end has photoelectric conversion, so the distortion problem of the electric signal in the transmission process, such as level drift, needs to be considered; in addition, it needs to consider the problem of receiving end bit errors caused by continuous long strings of identical signals, and if long continuous 0 or continuous 1 occurs, the receiving end cannot even implement correct decision, so another requirement of data encoding can be derived, i.e. there needs to be a sufficient number of transitions (from logic 0 to logic 1 or from logic 1 to logic 0) in the data stream, and the transitions are as balanced as possible. Such as: when 30% to 60% of the total number of transmitted bits is reached, a sufficient number of hops is considered.
It can be seen that data encoding should satisfy two basic requirements, one of which is to determine the start position of a data stream; another requirement is to have a sufficient number of hops to meet the current needs and to be as balanced as possible.
And step 120, selecting and designing a coding mode meeting the coding requirement.
In particular, several alternative coding methods may be considered in accordance with the aforementioned requirements.
1)4B5B encoding.
The 4B5B encoding method converts 4-bit data into 5-bit symbols for transmission, the symbols maintain the Alternating Current (AC) balance of the line, and the Direct Current (DC) component of the signal varies by less than 10% from the nominal center point. The efficiency of the 4B5B encoding was 80%.
In 4B5B encoding, 16 code words correspond to 16 states of 4-bit data, and those code words which form a mapping relation with the data are called legal code words. The combination state of 5-bit symbols is 32, 16 legal code words are removed, and the other 16 code words are called illegal code words.
In 4B5B encoding, the maximum number of 0's in each legal data codeword is only 3 consecutive 0's, and this feature can be used to avoid the occurrence of consecutive 0's in long series. In addition, since there are a large number of illegal code words in the 4B5B encoding, these illegal code words can be used as an identification of the start position of the data. Therefore, 4B5B encoding is sufficient for the encoding requirements.
2) And four insertion codes.
Quad-insertion coding is a method of inserting redundant bits into a bit stream, and can eliminate long run-0 or run-1. Such as: if 4 consecutive 0 s are encountered, then insert a 1; if 4 consecutive 1's are encountered, a 0 is inserted. The start position of the data stream is identified by 6 consecutive 1 s. Therefore, four-insertion coding is possible to meet the coding requirement.
3) And (4) scrambling code coding.
Scrambling code uses pseudo-random principle to flip some data bits in data stream, so as to reduce the probability of occurrence of continuous 0 or continuous 1, and uses special defined code stream as the initial position mark of data stream. Scrambling code encoding is possible to meet the coding requirements.
4) And (4) intra byte coding.
The intra-frame byte coding uses a specially defined code stream as a frame header to identify the initial position of a data stream, and the high two bits of the intra-frame effective byte are fixed to be 0B10, so that the occurrence of long link 0 and long link 1 is avoided, and the coding efficiency is 75%. Intra byte encoding is sufficient for the encoding requirements.
5) And coding in the code word.
The intra-codeword encoding uses a high baud rate data stream to implement a low baud rate communication channel, with a plurality of baud's grouped together to represent a low rate signal. The code word inner coding uses the code word combination state defined specially as the frame head to express the initial position of the data flow, and each low speed code word forces 0 and 1 to have an opportunity when coding inside, thereby avoiding the problem of long continuous 0 or long continuous 1. Therefore, intra-codeword encoding is sufficient for the coding requirements.
In specific applications, the above coding method may be selected according to the actual application environment, such as: 4B5B encoding.
Specifically, the selected legal codeword preferably has the following characteristics:
1) the length of 0 is not more than 3.
2) The length of the connection 1 is not less than 2.
Fig. 2 shows a 4B5B encoded codeword mapping table, where 16 states of 4 bits are mapped to 16 states of 5 bits, so that 16 illegal codewords can be selected as the start position identifier in 32 states of 5 bits, and the number of combination states with 0 less than 3 is more than 16, so that the mapping requirement can be completely satisfied.
The following illustrates how to select a suitable special illegal code word as the start position identifier.
Fig. 3 shows a code word space distribution diagram of 4B5B coding, and it can be considered to select a suitable code word in illegal code word space as a start position identifier. In illegal code words, code words with more balanced occurrences of 0 and 1 can be found as special starting position identifiers.
If the longest number of consecutive 0 s in the legal codeword is 3, then the illegal codeword with the number of consecutive 0 s being 4 can be considered as the special illegal codeword for determining the start position of the data stream. From the illegal code word space, 10000, 00001, 00000 and other code words can be found. Although these several code words can be regarded as special illegal code words, the number of 1 s and 0 s contained in them is not balanced enough, so that a plurality of illegal code words can be further selected from the illegal code word space to be combined into a special illegal code word for balancing the number of 1 s and 0 s. 11000 and 01101 can be found from the illegal code word space, and the two illegal code words are combined to obtain a code word with 4 continuous 0, and the number of 1 and 0 is 5 respectively, namely, a complete special illegal code word of 1100001101 is obtained.
In order to ensure that the aforementioned operation idea and the detailed technical description can be successfully realized, an arrangement as shown in fig. 4 can be performed. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a system diagram for implementing encoding of a wavelength tag according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system includes an encoding requirement determining unit, an encoding mode determining unit, and a codeword mapping relationship determining unit, which may be connected in sequence.
In practical application, the coding requirement determining unit can determine the requirement of data coding and analyze the requirement; the coding mode determining unit can select and determine a coding mode meeting the coding requirement; the code word mapping relation determining unit can determine the code word mapping relation in the encoding mode, and accordingly encodes the wavelength label.
In summary, the technology for encoding the wavelength tag of the present invention realizes encoding the wavelength tag, and has the outstanding advantages of simple implementation and low cost. The data coding is carried out on the wavelength label, so that the code word balance of a channel can be improved, and long continuous 0 or long continuous 1 which possibly appears in the code word is eliminated, thereby ensuring that a receiving end has better signal-to-noise ratio; further data flow control information may be provided. If the wavelength label is not encoded, the codeword equalization of the channel cannot be guaranteed, and the control information of the data stream cannot be transmitted in the wavelength label.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for implementing encoding of a wavelength tag, the method comprising:
determining the requirement of data coding aiming at the wavelength label, determining the coding mode meeting the coding requirement, determining the code word mapping relation in the coding mode, and coding the wavelength label according to the code word mapping relation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the need for data encoding is performed by:
determining a starting position of a data stream; it is determined that there are a desired number of equalized transitions.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that in determining the start position of the data stream, a suitable code word is selected as start position identification in the illegal code word space.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: finding out code words with balanced 0 and 1 in illegal code words to be used as special initial position marks;
the code word found in an illegal code word is an independent code word or a special illegal code word combined by a plurality of illegal code words.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the determined encoding mode is a 4B5B encoding method;
when the code word mapping relation is determined, the selected legal code words are as follows:
1) the length of the connecting rod 0 is not more than 3;
2) the length of the connection 1 is not less than 2.
6. A system for realizing the encoding of wavelength labels is characterized by comprising an encoding requirement determining unit, an encoding mode determining unit and a code word mapping relation determining unit; wherein,
the encoding requirement determining unit is used for determining the requirement of data encoding aiming at the wavelength label;
the encoding mode determining unit is used for determining an encoding mode meeting the encoding requirement aiming at the wavelength label;
and the code word mapping relation determining unit is used for determining the code word mapping relation in the coding mode aiming at the wavelength label, and coding the wavelength label according to the code word mapping relation.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the encoding requirement determining unit, when determining the requirement for data encoding, is configured to:
determining a starting position of a data stream; it is determined that there are a desired number of equalized transitions.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the coding requirement determining unit is configured to select a suitable codeword in the illegal codeword space as the start position identifier when determining the start position of the data stream.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein said coding requirement determining unit is further configured to find a codeword with balanced occurrences of 0 and 1 in illegal codewords, which is used as a special start position identifier;
the code word found in an illegal code word is an independent code word or a special illegal code word combined by a plurality of illegal code words.
10. The system according to any one of claims 6 to 9,
the determined encoding mode is a 4B5B encoding method;
when the codeword mapping relationship determining unit determines the codeword mapping relationship, the selected legal codewords are:
1) the length of the connecting rod 0 is not more than 3;
2) the length of the connection 1 is not less than 2.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100547989A CN102595259A (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2012-03-05 | Method and system for coding wavelength tag |
| PCT/CN2013/072153 WO2013131462A1 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2013-03-04 | Method and system for enabling coding wavelength labels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100547989A CN102595259A (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2012-03-05 | Method and system for coding wavelength tag |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102595259A true CN102595259A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
Family
ID=46483390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100547989A Pending CN102595259A (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2012-03-05 | Method and system for coding wavelength tag |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102595259A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013131462A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013131462A1 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for enabling coding wavelength labels |
| WO2019242180A1 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-26 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Decoding method and device, and readable storage medium |
| CN113037678A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏科大亨芯半导体技术有限公司 | Method for marking optical fiber wavelength |
| WO2021135087A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Service code stream processing apparatus and method |
| US11418255B2 (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2022-08-16 | Zte Corporation | Method, device and system for controlling protection switching on optical network |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6108113A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 2000-08-22 | Mci Communications Corporation | Method and system for transporting ancillary network data |
| CN1581756A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical modulating transmission method and system |
| CN102170310A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-08-31 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical network channel detection method and device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1012549B (en) * | 1989-07-22 | 1991-05-01 | 邮电部北京仪表研究所 | A kind of coding method of optical fiber telecommunications system |
| CN102595259A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for coding wavelength tag |
-
2012
- 2012-03-05 CN CN2012100547989A patent/CN102595259A/en active Pending
-
2013
- 2013-03-04 WO PCT/CN2013/072153 patent/WO2013131462A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6108113A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 2000-08-22 | Mci Communications Corporation | Method and system for transporting ancillary network data |
| CN1581756A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical modulating transmission method and system |
| CN102170310A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-08-31 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical network channel detection method and device |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013131462A1 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for enabling coding wavelength labels |
| US11418255B2 (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2022-08-16 | Zte Corporation | Method, device and system for controlling protection switching on optical network |
| WO2019242180A1 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-26 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Decoding method and device, and readable storage medium |
| WO2021135087A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Service code stream processing apparatus and method |
| CN113037678A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏科大亨芯半导体技术有限公司 | Method for marking optical fiber wavelength |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013131462A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8331793B2 (en) | Optical transmission apparatus and method | |
| CN106716873A (en) | Hitless, multi-rate optical transmission and reception | |
| EP2830239B1 (en) | Method, system and transceiver device for bi-directionally transmitting digital optical signals over an optical transmission link | |
| CN102396170A (en) | Method of and system for detecting skew between parallel signals | |
| CN102595259A (en) | Method and system for coding wavelength tag | |
| EP2868013B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for configuring an optical path | |
| EP2843854B1 (en) | Method, transmitter and receiver device for transmitting a binary digital transmit signal over an optical transmission link | |
| US20040170439A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for an optical cdma system | |
| JP2021100240A (en) | Low rate loss bit-level distribution matcher for constellation shaping | |
| JP2021141575A (en) | Error correction in optical network by stochastic shaping and symbol rate optimization | |
| US10225008B1 (en) | Systems and methods for reconfiguring an adaptive optical network when adding an optical path | |
| US6496297B1 (en) | Device and method for modulating an optical signal | |
| US8009993B2 (en) | Hybrid balanced coding scheme | |
| US7471903B1 (en) | Optical communication system | |
| US10826615B2 (en) | Optical transmission method and optical receiver apparatus for determining received symbols from a received electrical signal using an indication of a nonlinear impulse response of the direct detection and without performing equalization following the direct detection | |
| JP4388730B2 (en) | Differential wavelength division multiplexing / separation method and apparatus | |
| Meloni et al. | First demonstration of optical signal overlap | |
| JP3790190B2 (en) | Digital transmission system | |
| WO2016144949A1 (en) | Circuit and method for optical bit interleaving in a passive optical network using multi-level signals | |
| US9467316B2 (en) | Method and device for transmitting a low-frequency signal over a data transmission link using a digital high bit-rate signal | |
| Lee et al. | A new line code for 10-Gigabit Ethernet: MB810 | |
| JP4900192B2 (en) | Code division multiplexing transmission / reception apparatus and code division multiplexing transmission / reception method | |
| Civelli et al. | A novel detection strategy for nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing | |
| CN107534628B (en) | Circuit and method for obtaining PAM4 decoding threshold value and optical network unit | |
| US7426349B2 (en) | Method of signal transmission in a WDM communication system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20120718 |