CN102595235A - Method for time shifting broadcasting of digital broadcast television programs and device - Google Patents
Method for time shifting broadcasting of digital broadcast television programs and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102595235A CN102595235A CN2012100677592A CN201210067759A CN102595235A CN 102595235 A CN102595235 A CN 102595235A CN 2012100677592 A CN2012100677592 A CN 2012100677592A CN 201210067759 A CN201210067759 A CN 201210067759A CN 102595235 A CN102595235 A CN 102595235A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- broadcast
- time shifting
- file
- shifting broadcasting
- audio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a method for time shifting broadcasting of digital broadcast television programs and a device. The method comprises the steps of receiving digital broadcast television signals and acquiring video and audio data; using video and audio date in every broadcasting cycle as a local broadcast data file and saving in a buffer zone in a file storage module; adding the storage location of the local broadcast data file into an index file in order; receiving users' input operation, and figuring out a relative broadcast starting cycle on the basis of parsed broadcast moments specified by uses; and finding the storage path of the broadcast data file corresponding to the broadcast starting cycle data from the index file according to the broadcast starting cycle, and reading video and audio data for broadcasting from the broadcast data file. The device comprises the file storage module and the time shifting broadcast control module, wherein the file storage module is used for storing broadcast data files and index files, and the time shifting broadcast control module is used for reading video and audio data from broadcast data files and performing time shifting broadcast control on the basis of broadcast moments specified by users. Good time shifting broadcast effects of digital broadcast television programs can be obtained by the aid of the method and the device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital broadcast television player method, relate in particular to a kind of method and device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting.
Background technology
The transmission means of digital broadcasting-television signal is divided into received terrestrial digital broadcasting, satellite digital broadcasting, and cable digital TV is broadcasted three types.Wherein, Received terrestrial digital broadcasting, satellite digital broadcasting can provide the mobile multi-media broadcasting service of radio, film and television program and information service for the user, and the user adopts the reception of Mobile Digital TV terminal can receive and watch broadcast TV program and information service whenever and wherever possible; And the cable digital TV broadcast system adopts STB to receive the cable digital TV broadcast singal, realizes the reception and the broadcast of DTV.
In existing cable digital TV broadcast system; Adopt interactive set-top box and front end system to carry out interactive application, realize nearly all broadcasting and interactive multimedias application such as digital television broadcasting reception, electronic program guides, TV replay, pay-per-view are watched, on-line software updating, data broadcasting, Email mail.
But reception of Mobile Digital TV is merely able to watch the real time programme of front end system broadcast owing to the restriction of himself when TV reception, can not equally carry out TV replay and time shifting broadcasting as interactive set-top box, brings great inconvenience to the user.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency that prior art exists, the present invention provides a kind of method and device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting, realizes the time shifting broadcasting of TV programme through the buffering area of management and control store broadcast data.
To achieve these goals, the method for digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting provided by the invention said method comprising the steps of:
1) receiving digital broadcast TV signal, and obtain video/audio;
2) with the video/audio of each broadcast cycle as a spot broadcasting data file, be saved in the buffering area of file storage module;
3) memory location with said spot broadcasting data file joins in the index file in order;
4) receive user's input operation, and according to the broadcast of the user's appointment that parses constantly, calculate relative initial broadcast cycle;
5), from index file, inquire the store path of the broadcast data file corresponding, and from broadcast data file, read video/audio and play with these initial broadcast cycle data according to described initial broadcast cycle.
Wherein, Said step 2) in, if the user has limited the size of buffering area, then when buffering area is expired; The broadcast data file deletion that the oldest broadcast cycle is corresponding; The broadcast data file that regeneration is new, article one path of deleting index file simultaneously appends to the last of index file with the path of new file.
Wherein, said step 5) further may further comprise the steps:
A), judge whether there is above-mentioned initial broadcast cycle in the buffering area according to index file;
B) if this initial broadcast cycle is present in the index file, then from index file, inquire the store path of the corresponding broadcast data file of these broadcast cycle data, from broadcast data file, read video/audio and play;
C) if this initial broadcast cycle is not present in the index file, then in the indexed file nearest broadcast cycle of chosen distance designated broadcast cycle as initial broadcast cycle.
Wherein, in the index file of said step 3), comprise the corresponding relation between the store path of broadcast cycle and broadcast data file of video/audio.
To achieve these goals, the device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting provided by the invention comprises Receiver Module, and data processing module is looked the audio decoder module, file storage module, and time shifting broadcasting control module, and input operation module, wherein,
Said Receiver Module is used for the receiving digital broadcast TV signal, and is converted into intermediate-freuqncy signal and sends to said data processing module;
Said data processing module is used for intermediate-freuqncy signal is handled, and obtains the video/audio of digital broadcast television;
The said audio decoder module of looking is used for the broadcast video/audio constantly of user's appointment being decoded the output video/audio signal;
Said file storage module is used for store broadcast data file and index file;
Said time shifting broadcasting control module receives the user instruction information that said input operation module is sent, and according to the broadcast moment of user's appointment, from broadcast data file, reads video/audio and carries out time shifting broadcasting;
Said input operation module is used to receive the instruction input of user's time shifting broadcasting, and it is transmitted to said time shifting broadcasting control module.
Wherein, said time shifting broadcasting control module, it calculates relative initial broadcast cycle according to the broadcast moment of user's appointment, and from index file, inquires the store path of the corresponding broadcast data file of these broadcast cycle data.
Wherein, Said time shifting broadcasting control module generates the progress bar that can drag on the interface, drag in the process of progress bar the user; The progress displaying bar the key frame in the corresponding broadcast data constantly, the user can know the current position that drags more intuitively.
Adopt the method and the device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention; The video/audio of the digital broadcast television that receives is stored in the buffering area of local file memory module; When the user carries out time shifting broadcasting; Directly from buffering area, read the corresponding broadcast data file of broadcast cycle data and play, realized better time shifting broadcasting effect.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in specification subsequently, and, partly from specification, become obvious, perhaps understand through embodiment of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of specification, and with content of the present invention and embodiment, is used to explain the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram according to digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a buffering area index file according to the present invention and the corresponding sketch map of broadcast data file
Fig. 3 is the principle of device block diagram according to digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that embodiment described herein only is used for explanation and explains the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
In digital television broadcasting system, data are sent in the broadcasting of system cycle property ground, and the user can watch program according to sending order.But under the certain situation, the user hopes the former program of can resetting, and does not hope to lose later program.Time shifting broadcasting allows the user to play required program forward or backward according to time shaft.
All can play immediately when guaranteeing that receiving terminal can at any time insert, the audio, video data in each broadcast cycle all comprises temporal information.Usually have the absolute time of broadcast cycle to stab, and the audio frequency and video unit in the broadcast cycle comprise the relative time stamp.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram according to digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention, below with reference to Fig. 1, the method for digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention is described in detail:
At first; In step 101; Through Receiver Module receiving digital broadcast TV signal, this digital broadcasting-television signal can be received terrestrial digital broadcasting TV signal, satellite digital broadcast television signal, perhaps cabled digital broadcast television signal; Preferably, Receiver Module of the present invention is used to receive received terrestrial digital broadcasting TV signal or cabled digital broadcast television signal.
In step 102; The video/audio that receives is saved in the buffering area of file module; This buffering area is made up of an index file and several broadcast data storage files; The video/audio that each broadcast cycle receives is preserved into the broadcast data file an of this locality, and this file storage location is joined in the index file in order, and index file and broadcast data file corresponding relation are as shown in Figure 2.
In storing process, if the user has limited the size of buffering area, then when buffering area is expired; The data file deletion that the oldest broadcast cycle is corresponding; The data file that regeneration is new, article one path of deleting index file simultaneously appends to the last of index file with the path of new file.
In step 103, the input operation module receives the user's time-shift play operation, and sends user's command information to the time shifting broadcasting control module, and this command information includes the broadcast moment of user's appointment.When the user carries out the time shifting broadcasting operation; On the interface, show the progress bar that can drag; Drag in the process of progress bar the user, the key frame in the video/audio in the corresponding moment of decoding and progress displaying bar institute, the user can know the current position that drags more intuitively.
In step 104, the time shifting broadcasting control module is resolved the user instruction information that receives, and according to the broadcast of the user's appointment that parses constantly, calculates relative initial broadcast cycle.
In step 105, the time shifting broadcasting control module judges in the index file in the buffering area whether have above-mentioned initial broadcast cycle according to index file, if this initial broadcast cycle exists, then forwards step 107 to, otherwise, carry out next step.
In step 106, the initial broadcast cycle of adjustment on time shaft.In receiving digital broadcast TV signal process; The data of the broadcast cycle that time of user's appointment is corresponding are not stored in the index file of buffering area owing to signal or other reason; Then the chosen distance designated broadcast cycle nearest, and bigger broadcast cycle is as initial broadcast cycle.
In step 107, the time shifting broadcasting control module inquires the store path of the corresponding broadcast data file of these initial broadcast cycle data from index file, and from broadcast data file, read video/audio and play, and the like.
Fig. 3 is the principle of device block diagram according to digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention; As shown in Figure 3, the device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention comprises Receiver Module 301, data processing module 302; Look audio decoder module 303; File storage module 304, time shifting broadcasting control module 305, and input operation module 306.
Receiver Module 301, it accepts the control of time shifting broadcasting control module 305, the receiving digital broadcast TV RF signals, and convert this radiofrequency signal to intermediate-freuqncy signal and send to data processing module 302.RF receiver module 301 of the present invention; Can receive the digital broadcasting-television signal of CMMB, DVB-H, DVB-T, T-DMB standard; Preferably; RF receiver module 301 adopts CMMB receiver modules (China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting), and CMMB is the industry standard of the received terrestrial digital broadcasting TV of Chinese radio and television general bureau promulgation, and the CMMB terminal of support comprises portable terminals such as mobile phone, PDA, notebook computer, vehicle mounted guidance; Comprise a plurality of channels in the frequency of CMMB, and a channel has comprised several slots.
Data processing module 302 is accepted the control of time shifting broadcasting control module 305, and the intermediate frequency digital broadcasting-television signal that Receiver Module 301 is sent carries out demodulation, demultiplexing is handled, and obtains video/audio.
Look audio decoder module 303, accept the control of time shifting broadcasting control module 305, the broadcast video/audio constantly of user's appointment is decoded the output video/audio signal.
Time shifting broadcasting control module 305; Receive the user instruction information that input operation module 306 is sent; And this user instruction information resolved, according to the broadcast of the user's appointment that parses constantly, calculate relative initial broadcast cycle; From index file, inquire the store path of the corresponding broadcast data file of these broadcast cycle data, from broadcast data file, read video/audio and play; Be used on the interface generating the progress bar that can drag, drag in the process of progress bar the user, the key frame in the video/audio in the corresponding moment of progress displaying bar institute, the user can know the current position that drags more intuitively.
Input operation module 306 is used to receive the instruction input of user's time shifting broadcasting, and it is transmitted to time shifting broadcasting control module 305.
The method of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of the present invention and device; Can be applied in the portable terminals such as mobile phone, PDA, notebook computer, vehicle mounted guidance; Realize the time shifting broadcasting of TV programme through the management and the buffering area of control store video/audio, this buffering area is made up of an index file and several broadcast data storage files.Each broadcast cycle receives data and preserves into a local file, and this file storage location is joined in the index file in order.When the user carries out time shifting broadcasting, in the broadcast moment according to user's appointment, convert relative broadcast cycle into.From index file, inquire the corresponding storage file path of these broadcast cycle data, from file, read video/audio and pass to the time shifting broadcasting that decoder carries out TV programme.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the above is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; Although the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation with reference to previous embodiment; For a person skilled in the art, it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme of aforementioned each embodiment record, perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the method for a digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting said method comprising the steps of:
1) receiving digital broadcast TV signal, and obtain video/audio;
2) with the video/audio of each broadcast cycle as a spot broadcasting data file, be saved in the buffering area of file storage module;
3) memory location with said spot broadcasting data file joins in the index file in order;
4) receive user's input operation, and according to the broadcast of the user's appointment that parses constantly, calculate relative initial broadcast cycle;
5), from index file, inquire the store path of the broadcast data file corresponding, and from broadcast data file, read video/audio and play with these initial broadcast cycle data according to described initial broadcast cycle.
2. the method for digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said step 2) in; If the user has limited the size of buffering area; Then when buffering area was expired, the broadcast data file that the oldest broadcast cycle is corresponding was deleted, the broadcast data file that regeneration is new; Delete article one path of index file simultaneously, the path of new file is appended to the last of index file.
3. the method for digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said step 5) further may further comprise the steps:
A), judge whether there is above-mentioned initial broadcast cycle in the buffering area according to index file;
B) if this initial broadcast cycle is present in the index file, then from index file, inquire the store path of the corresponding broadcast data file of these broadcast cycle data, from broadcast data file, read video/audio and play;
C) if this initial broadcast cycle is not present in the index file, then in the indexed file nearest broadcast cycle of chosen distance designated broadcast cycle as initial broadcast cycle.
4. the method for digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the index file of said step 3), comprises the corresponding relation between the store path of broadcast cycle and broadcast data file of video/audio.
5. the device of a digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting comprises Receiver Module, and data processing module is looked the audio decoder module, file storage module, and time shifting broadcasting control module, and input operation module is characterized in that,
Said Receiver Module is used for the receiving digital broadcast TV signal, and is converted into intermediate-freuqncy signal and sends to said data processing module;
Said data processing module is used for intermediate-freuqncy signal is handled, and obtains the video/audio of digital broadcast television;
The said audio decoder module of looking is used for the broadcast video/audio constantly of user's appointment being decoded the output video/audio signal;
Said file storage module is used for store broadcast data file and index file;
Said time shifting broadcasting control module receives the user instruction information that said input operation module is sent, and according to the broadcast moment of user's appointment, from broadcast data file, reads video/audio and carries out time shifting broadcasting;
Said input operation module is used to receive the instruction input of user's time shifting broadcasting, and it is transmitted to said time shifting broadcasting control module.
6. the device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; Said time shifting broadcasting control module; It calculates relative initial broadcast cycle according to the broadcast moment of user's appointment, and from index file, inquires the store path of the corresponding broadcast data file of these broadcast cycle data.
7. the device of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; Said time shifting broadcasting control module generates the progress bar that can drag on the interface, drag in the process of progress bar the user; The progress displaying bar the key frame in the corresponding broadcast data constantly, the user can know the current position that drags more intuitively.
8. the portable terminal with digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting function is characterized in that, said portable terminal adopts the described method time shifting broadcasting of claim 1 digital broadcast television program.
9. the portable terminal with digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting function is characterized in that, said portable terminal comprises the device of the described digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting of claim 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210067759.2A CN102595235B (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2012-03-15 | A kind of method of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210067759.2A CN102595235B (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2012-03-15 | A kind of method of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting and device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102595235A true CN102595235A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
| CN102595235B CN102595235B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
Family
ID=46483368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210067759.2A Active CN102595235B (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2012-03-15 | A kind of method of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102595235B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103258178A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-21 | 北京创毅讯联科技股份有限公司 | Radio frequency control method of mobile terminal and mobile terminal |
| CN105187919A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-23 | 青岛海信传媒网络技术有限公司 | Television program processing method and equipment |
| CN106576181A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-04-19 | 汤姆逊许可公司 | Method and system for backward recording |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070274376A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-11-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Time shift apparatus and method for digital multimedia broadcasting terminal |
| CN101257600A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-03 | 深圳市同洲电子股份有限公司 | Digital television receiver, method and apparatus for backtracking and playing real time digital television program |
| CN101459809A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2009-06-17 | 天柏宽带网络科技（北京）有限公司 | Method and system for digital television program playing |
| CN101577811A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2009-11-11 | 深圳市茁壮网络股份有限公司 | Digital television Kara OK system and method for realizing function of Kara OK thereof |
| CN101662614A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-03 | 海尔集团公司 | Advertisement inserting method and advertisement inserting control device of digital program |
-
2012
- 2012-03-15 CN CN201210067759.2A patent/CN102595235B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070274376A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-11-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Time shift apparatus and method for digital multimedia broadcasting terminal |
| CN101257600A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-03 | 深圳市同洲电子股份有限公司 | Digital television receiver, method and apparatus for backtracking and playing real time digital television program |
| CN101662614A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-03 | 海尔集团公司 | Advertisement inserting method and advertisement inserting control device of digital program |
| CN101459809A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2009-06-17 | 天柏宽带网络科技（北京）有限公司 | Method and system for digital television program playing |
| CN101577811A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2009-11-11 | 深圳市茁壮网络股份有限公司 | Digital television Kara OK system and method for realizing function of Kara OK thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103258178A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-21 | 北京创毅讯联科技股份有限公司 | Radio frequency control method of mobile terminal and mobile terminal |
| CN106576181A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-04-19 | 汤姆逊许可公司 | Method and system for backward recording |
| US10523996B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-12-31 | Interdigital Ce Patent Holdings | Method and system for backward recording |
| CN106576181B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2020-03-03 | 交互数字Ce专利控股公司 | Method, apparatus and medium for reverse recording |
| CN105187919A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-23 | 青岛海信传媒网络技术有限公司 | Television program processing method and equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102595235B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11197041B2 (en) | System for exchanging media content between a media content processor and a communication device | |
| US8453185B2 (en) | Data transmission from a set-top box | |
| US8699855B2 (en) | User-selected interstitial media content recording | |
| US20070274376A1 (en) | Time shift apparatus and method for digital multimedia broadcasting terminal | |
| US8346228B2 (en) | System and method for providing interactive services using a mobile device | |
| US20220182730A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for selectively obscuring a rendering of a media stream | |
| US20100306803A1 (en) | Receiving device and receiving method for receiving digital broadcast | |
| CN102223583A (en) | Television remote control method, television remote control device and television remote control system | |
| CN102595235B (en) | A kind of method of digital broadcast television time shifting broadcasting and device | |
| US20100333141A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for editing a list of digital broadcast channels | |
| CN102595232B (en) | Relative information search method of digital television programs and digital television receiving terminal | |
| US9197937B1 (en) | Automatic on-demand navigation based on meta-data broadcast with media content | |
| JP4210295B2 (en) | Broadcast communication system for portable terminals | |
| KR20150008797A (en) | Method and apparatus for providing broadcasting contents | |
| US11190835B2 (en) | Intelligent unload of broadcaster application on channel change | |
| US20160380713A1 (en) | Integrating audio content with additional digital content | |
| KR20080035311A (en) | Broadcast terminal and method of playing broadcast data using same | |
| US20090013355A1 (en) | Broadcast scheduling method and broadcast receiving apparatus using the same | |
| KR20100010098A (en) | Digital television system and multimedia data distribution method of it | |
| US20210211747A1 (en) | Non-real time (nrt) memory management in advanced television systems committee (atsc) 3.0 system | |
| CN105637838A (en) | Method, apparatus, computer program and computer program product for transmitting data for use in a vehicle | |
| CN104540006A (en) | Searching method for digital TV program related information and digital TV receiving terminal | |
| CN101202892A (en) | System and method for controlling program playback | |
| KR20120015606A (en) | Dmb module and duplex data service processing method using the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: BORQS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: BEIJING BORQS SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20131205 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 100102 CHAOYANG, BEIJING TO: 100015 CHAOYANG, BEIJING |
|
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20131205 Address after: 100015, B23A, Hengtong business garden, No. 10, Jiuxianqiao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District Applicant after: Borqs Beijing Ltd. Address before: 100102 D building, building 9, South Central Road, Chaoyang District, Wangjing, Beijing, Wangjing Applicant before: Beijing Borqs Software Technology Co., Ltd. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |