CN102593721B - Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102593721B CN102593721B CN201210004158.7A CN201210004158A CN102593721B CN 102593721 B CN102593721 B CN 102593721B CN 201210004158 A CN201210004158 A CN 201210004158A CN 102593721 B CN102593721 B CN 102593721B
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Abstract
The invention provides a spark plug and a manufacturing method thereof. A metal forming end with Ni as the main component is used to reduce manufacturing cost and realize excellent durability. The spark plug (1) possesses the components as following: an insulator (2), which possesses an axle hole (4) passing through the axle line (CL1) direction; a center electrode (5), which is inserted at the front end side of the axle hole (4); a main body part (3), which is arranged at the periphery of the insulator (2); a ground electrode (27), the base terminal of the ground electrode is fixedly arranged at the front end of the main body part (3); and a terminal (32), which is connected with the front end of the ground electrode (27), and a spark discharge gap (33) is formed between the terminal and the front end of the center electrode (5). The terminal (32) is formed by metal with more than 93 mass% of Ni, and the hardness of the terminal (32) is less than Vickers hardness 163 Hv.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for the spark plug in internal combustion engine etc. and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Such as possess for the spark plug in the burners such as internal combustion engine: the grounding electrode engaged with the leading section of main metal fixture along the central electrode of axis direction extension, the insulator being arranged at the periphery of central electrode, the main metal fixture being assembled in the cylindrical shape outside insulator, base end part.The roughly mid portion of grounding electrode self bends and configures, so that its leading section is relative with the leading section of above-mentioned central electrode, thus, between the leading section and the leading section of grounding electrode of central electrode, forms spark-discharge gap.
In addition, the position disclosed recently by forming above-mentioned spark-discharge gap in the leading section of grounding electrode arranges the termination be made up of precious metal alloys, realizes the raising (for example, referring to patent documentation 1) of ignition quality.
Prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2009-37750 publication
But precious metal alloys are high price, there is the worry that manufacturing cost increases.Therefore, in order to suppress manufacturing cost to be considered, the Ni alloy by being main component with cheaper nickel (Ni) forms above-mentioned termination.
But usually, Ni alloy resistance to consumption compared with precious metal alloys is poor, therefore when forming termination by Ni alloy, there is the worry that termination consumes rapidly.If termination is consumed and discharging gap becomes large, then there is the worry of discharging beyond normal discharge gap.Therefore, existence cannot fully demonstrate the worry improving the effect of ignition quality by arranging termination.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in view of the foregoing, and its object is to provides a kind of spark plug and manufacture method thereof, by forming termination by the metal taking Ni as main component, can realize excellent resistance to consumption while suppressing manufacturing cost.
Below, subitem illustrates each formation being applicable to solving the problem.In addition, as required distinctive action effect is recorded to corresponding formation.
Form 1: the spark plug of this formation possesses: the insulator of tubular, has at the through axis hole of axis direction; Central electrode, is inserted in the front of above-mentioned axis hole; The main metal fixture of tubular, is arranged at the periphery of above-mentioned insulator; Grounding electrode, the base end part of self is fixed on the leading section of aforementioned body accessory; And termination, engage with the leading section of above-mentioned grounding electrode, and form gap between the leading section of above-mentioned central electrode, the feature of above-mentioned spark plug is, above-mentioned termination is formed by the metal of the nickel containing more than 93 quality %, and the hardness of above-mentioned termination is below Vickers hardness 163Hv.
According to above-mentioned formation 1, because termination is formed by the metal taking Ni as main component, therefore with formed the situation of termination by precious metal alloys compared with, manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
On the other hand, when forming termination by the metal taking Ni as main component, worry that the resistance to consumption of termination is abundant not, but according to above-mentioned formation 1, the hardness being configured to termination is at below 163Hv and suppress the strain of the metallic crystal grain forming termination.Therefore, heat successfully transmits in inside, termination, can improve the heat conductivity of termination.In addition, because the metal of termination by the Ni containing the above heat conductivity excellence of 93 quality % is formed, therefore, it is possible to improve the heat conductivity of termination further.That is, by making the hardness of termination at below 163Hv and forming termination by the metal of more than Ni amount 93 quality %, the heat conductivity of termination can be significantly improved.Its result, can significantly improve the resistance to consumption of termination, and then can the effect of raising ignition quality that obtains because arranging termination of long term maintenance.
Form 2: the spark plug of this formation, in above-mentioned formation 1, compressive residual stress puts on the face in the above-mentioned gap of formation of above-mentioned termination.
According to above-mentioned formation 2, be configured to the face (discharge face) that compressive residual stress puts on the above-mentioned gap of formation of termination.Therefore, though when vibrate with the action such as internal combustion engine put on termination, in above-mentioned discharge face, be also less likely to occur the breakages such as disappearance.Thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the expansion rapidly in the gap produced because of damaged in above-mentioned discharge face further.Its result, can suppress the increase of discharge voltage, the central electrode that can suppress to accompany with sparkover, the consumption rapidly of termination.In addition, the sparkover beyond above-mentioned gap can being suppressed, more reliably can playing the effect of the raising ignition quality obtained because arranging termination.
Form 3: the spark plug of this formation, in above-mentioned 1 or 2, along above-mentioned grounding electrode central shaft, distance from the front end of above-mentioned grounding electrode to above-mentioned termination is below 1.5mm, the hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is more than Vickers hardness 90Hv.
Hinder from the view point of the growth at Huo Yan center suppressing to occur because of the existence of grounding electrode and improve ignition quality further, near the front end preferably termination being engaged in grounding electrode, reducing the overhang of grounding electrode front end for termination as far as possible.But, usually, grounding electrode obtains by cutting off the wire rod that is made up of predetermined metal, if produce reflex action with cutting off in grounding electrode end, then near front end termination being engaged in grounding electrode, there is the worry that the adhesive strength for the termination of grounding electrode declines.If bond strength declines, then the joint border between grounding electrode and termination easily forms iron scale (oxidized scale), and the heat that there is the termination because of the existence of iron scale is not easy the worry being delivered to grounding electrode.
According to above-mentioned formation 3, because the hardness of grounding electrode is at more than 90Hv, therefore, it is possible to more reliably prevent the reflex action of the grounding electrode produced with cutting off.Therefore, when the distance in order to improve ignition quality, termination being engaged in the front end of grounding electrode is the position of below 1.5mm, also can engage grounding electrode and termination securely, and then can effectively suppress both to engage the formation of the iron scale in border.Its result, can improve the heat conductivity to grounding electrode from termination, can improve the resistance to consumption of termination further.
Form 4: the spark plug of this formation, in any one of formation 1 to 3, above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal taking Ni as main component, further, at least one party in above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode comprises at least one in silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) and aluminium (Al).
In addition, " main component " refers to the composition (following identical) that in material, mass ratio is the highest.
According to above-mentioned formation 4, grounding electrode is formed by the metal taking Ni as main component, therefore, it is possible to improve the heat conductivity of grounding electrode further, and then can improve the resistance to consumption of termination further.
And, according to above-mentioned formation 4, owing to containing Si, Mn, Al in termination, grounding electrode, therefore, it is possible to improve the oxidative resistance of termination, grounding electrode.Therefore, can suppress the decline with oxidation heat conductivity together in termination, grounding electrode, its result, can improve the resistance to consumption of termination further.
Form 5: the spark plug of this formation, in any one of above-mentioned formation 1 to 4, above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal taking nickel as main component, further, at least one party in above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode contains Si, the Mn of below more than 0.1 quality % 1.1 quality %, the Al of below more than 0.01 quality % 1.00 quality % of below more than 0.5 quality % 1.3 quality %.
According to above-mentioned formation 5, more reliably play by the above-mentioned action effect forming 4 acquisitions.
Form 6: the spark plug of this formation, in any one of above-mentioned formation 1 to 5, at least one party in above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode contains more than one rare earth element.
According to above-mentioned formation 6, containing more than one rare earth element in termination, grounding electrode, therefore, it is possible to the growth of the clipped wire of suppression formation termination, grounding electrode.Its result, can prevent from splitting in termination, grounding electrode, disappearance etc. effectively.
Form 7: the spark plug of this formation, in formation 6, total amount of rare earth element is below more than 0.05 quality % 0.25 quality %.
According to above-mentioned formation 7, more reliably play by the above-mentioned action effect forming 6 acquisitions.
Form 8: the manufacture method of the spark plug of this formation is the manufacture method of the spark plug according to any one of above-mentioned formation 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, comprise bonding process, by resistance welded, above-mentioned termination is engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode, in above-mentioned bonding process, under the state making an end face of above-mentioned termination contact with above-mentioned grounding electrode, while being pressurizeed from side, other end towards above-mentioned grounding electrode side in above-mentioned termination, above-mentioned termination is energized, thus above-mentioned termination is engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode, at least when being energized to above-mentioned termination, side between an end face and other end of above-mentioned termination and atmosphere.
According to above-mentioned formation 8, by under the side of termination and the state of atmosphere, termination is welded to grounding electrode, therefore, it is possible to fully heat termination.Therefore, the hardness of termination can identically with the situation implementing annealing be reduced.That is, according to above-mentioned formation 8, do not need the operation arranged in addition for reducing termination hardness, easily can obtain the termination of below hardness 163Hv via bonding process.Its result, can boost productivity.
Form 9: the manufacture method of the spark plug of this formation, in formation 8, is characterized in that, the hardness of the above-mentioned termination after above-mentioned bonding process is more than Vickers hardness 100Hv.
According to above-mentioned formation 9, the hardness of the termination after bonding process is more than 100Hv, therefore when carrying spark plug etc., can more reliably prevent termination injured.
Form 10: the manufacture method of the spark plug of this formation, in above-mentioned formation 8 or 9, comprise bending operation, in bending operation, under the state being positioned at the face of above-mentioned central electrode side supporting above-mentioned grounding electrode by bar-shaped support fixture, press above-mentioned grounding electrode from the face of the opposition side in the face of above-mentioned central electrode side and carry out bending above-mentioned grounding electrode, the hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is below Vickers hardness 150Hv.
According to above-mentioned formation 10, because the hardness of grounding electrode is at below 150Hv, can more reliably prevent losing of the support fixture in bending operation.Its result, can boost productivity further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the biopsy cavity marker devices front view of the formation representing spark plug.
Fig. 2 is the biopsy cavity marker devices amplification front elevation of the formation representing spark plug leading section.
Fig. 3 be represent in bonding process, the amplification profile schematic diagram of grounding electrode and termination etc.
(a), (b) of Fig. 4 is the enlarged diagram of the grounding electrode represented in bending operation etc.
Fig. 5 be represent the L that adjusts the distance carry out various change after sample in the coordinate diagram of result of the test of ignition quality evaluation test.
Fig. 6 is the amplification profile schematic diagram such as fixture for illustration of welding A.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, an execution mode is described.Fig. 1 is the biopsy cavity marker devices front view representing spark plug 1.In addition, in FIG using the axis CL1 direction of spark plug 1 as the above-below direction in figure, using downside as spark plug 1 front, upside is described as rear end side.
Spark plug 1 by formed tubular the insulator 2 as insulator, keep the main metal fixture 3 etc. of the tubular of this insulator 2 to form.
Insulator 2 burns till aluminium oxide etc. as is known and is formed, in its profile portion, possess formed in rear end side rear end side main part 10, compare this forward side of rear end side main part 10 towards direction, footpath foreign side outstanding formed large-diameter portion 11, in the foot 13 comparing intermediate body portions 12 that this forward side of large-diameter portion 11 formed with the diameter thinner than large-diameter portion, comparing this forward side of intermediate body portions 12 and formed with the diameter thinner than this intermediate body portions.And the major part of the large-diameter portion 11 in insulator 2, intermediate body portions 12 and foot 13 is contained in the inside of main metal fixture 3.In addition, the connecting portion of intermediate body portions 12 and foot 13 is formed the stage portion 14 of taper, and utilize this stage portion 14, insulator 2 is engaging in main metal fixture 3.
And, be formed through the axis hole 4 extended along axis CL1 in insulator 2, insert in the front of this axis hole 4 and be fixed with central electrode 5.This central electrode 5 possesses the internal layer 5A be made up of copper or copper alloy, the outer 5B be made up of the Ni alloy being main component with nickel (Ni).In addition, central electrode 5 is formed bar-shaped (cylindric) as a whole, and its fore-end is given prominence to from the front end of insulator 2.
In addition, in the rear end side of axis hole 4, insert with the state that the rear end from insulator 2 is outstanding and be fixed with terminal electrode 6.
And, between the central electrode 5 and terminal electrode 6 of axis hole 4, be configured with columned resistive element 7.The both ends of this resistive element 7 are electrically connected with central electrode 5 and terminal electrode 6 respectively via the glass seal layer 8,9 of conductivity.
And described main metal fixture 3 is formed as tubular by metals such as mild steel, be formed with threaded portion (external thread part) 15 at its outer peripheral face, this threaded portion 15 is for being installed on the burner of internal combustion engine or fuel cell modification device etc. by spark plug 1.In addition, at the outer peripheral face of the rear end side of threaded portion 15, be formed with seat portion 16 outstanding laterally, the thread head 17 of rear end, threaded portion 15 is embedded with the packing ring 18 of ring-type.And be provided with the tool engagement portion 19 of cross section hexagon shape in the rear end side of main metal fixture 3, this tool engagement portion 19 is for making the tool engagement such as spanner when main metal fixture 3 is installed on burner.In addition, the caulking part 20 of lateral bend in direction, footpath is provided with in the rearward end of main metal fixture 3.
And, the stage portion 21 of the taper for locking insulator 2 is provided with at the inner peripheral surface of main metal fixture 3.And, insulator 2 inserts from the rear end side of main metal fixture 3 towards front, under the state that the stage portion 14 of self is locking with the stage portion 21 of main metal fixture 3, make to rivet inside the peristome radius vector direction of the rear end side of main metal fixture 3, namely form above-mentioned caulking part 20, be fixed on main metal fixture 3 thus.In addition, be situated between the stage portion 14,21 of insulator 2 and main metal fixture 3 both sides and have circular plate seals 22.Thus, keep the air-tightness in combustion chamber, the fuel gas avoiding entering the gap between the foot 13 of the insulator 2 be exposed in combustion chamber and the inner peripheral surface of main metal fixture 3 externally leaks.
And what produce to make riveted joint is airtight more complete, main metal fixture 3 rear end side, the ring component 23,24 that clips ring-type between main metal fixture 3 and insulator 2, between ring component 23,24, be filled with the powder of talcum (talc) 25.That is, main metal fixture 3 keeps insulator 2 via plate seals 22, ring component 23,24 and talcum 25.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the bar-shaped grounding electrode 27 in roughly mid portion bending is bonded at the leading section 26 of main metal fixture 3.And, the side 27S of central electrode 5 side being positioned at grounding electrode 27 is bonded to the end face 32B forming columned termination 32.In the present embodiment, the bonding station of termination 32 is configured to be positioned near the front end of grounding electrode 27, specifically, along grounding electrode 27 central shaft CL2, from the front end of grounding electrode 27 to the distance L of termination 32 be below 1.5mm.In addition, between the leading section and the other end 32F of termination 32 of central electrode 5, be formed with the spark-discharge gap 33 as gap, in this spark-discharge gap 33, roughly on the direction of axis CL1, carry out sparkover.
And in the present embodiment, termination 32 is formed by the metal containing the above Ni of 93 quality %.In addition, in termination 32 containing silicon (Si) be below more than 0.5 quality % 1.3 quality %, manganese (Mn) is below more than 0.1 quality % 1.1 quality %, aluminium (Al) is below more than 0.01 quality % 1.00 quality %.In addition, containing more than one rare earth element in termination 32, total amount of rare earth element is below more than 0.05 quality % 0.25 quality %.
In addition, as rare earth element, can enumerate: the lanthanide series be made up of yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and lutetium (Lu) and scandium (Sc).
In addition, in the present embodiment, the hardness of termination 32 is above below the 163Hv of Vickers hardness 100Hv.In addition, kernel of section on the cross section comprising termination 32 central shaft, termination 32 can such as be enumerated as the position measuring termination 32 hardness.
In addition, grounding electrode 27 by take Ni as main component, Si is below more than 0.5 quality % 1.3 quality %, Mn is below more than 0.1 quality % 1.1 quality %, Al is below more than 0.01 quality % 1.00 quality % alloy formed.And containing more than one rare earth element in grounding electrode 27, total amount of rare earth element is below more than 0.05% quality % 0.25 quality %.
In addition, be configured in the present embodiment: compressive residual stress is applied to the above-mentioned other end 32F (forming the face of spark-discharge gap 33) of termination 32.
In addition, the hardness of grounding electrode 27 is above below the 150Hv of Vickers hardness 90Hv.In addition, as the position of the hardness of measurement grounding electrode 27, remove implement processing after engaging with main metal fixture 3 in grounding electrode 27 position (that is, the position of firmness change may be produced together with processing), accompany and the position of firmness change may be produced with engaging.Therefore, as aftermentioned, after grounding electrode 27 joins main metal fixture 3 to, be implemented bending machining and to central electrode 5 lateral buckling, therefore remove the sweep of grounding electrode 27 as the position of the hardness measuring grounding electrode 27.In addition, such as, from the position measuring hardness, the position (such as, being positioned at the position within 1.0mm from termination 32) that may produce the firmness change accompanied with the joint of termination 32 is removed in grounding electrode 27.
Then, the manufacture method of spark plug 1 as constructed as above is described.
First, main metal fixture 3 is processed in advance.That is, form general shape by implementing columned metal material (such as, iron type materials, stainless steel material) cold forging to make processing, and form through hole.Afterwards, main metal fixture intermediate is obtained by implementing cut adjustment profile.
In addition, separate with main metal fixture intermediate and manufacture the directly bar-shaped grounding electrode 27 be made up of Ni alloy.That is, make processing (Wire Drawing) by implementing cold forging to Ni alloy, above-mentioned alloy is tapered.Make processing via cold forging, alloy rigidity becomes more than 90Hv.Then, alloy is cut to predetermined length by the stage after fully attenuating, and obtains the directly bar-shaped grounding electrode 27 of more than hardness 90Hv with this.In addition, in order to reduce the hardness of grounding electrode 27, also heat treatment (annealing in process) can be implemented to grounding electrode 27.But, need to regulate heat treated time, heating-up temperature, make the hardness of grounding electrode 27 be not less than 90Hv.
Then, the grounding electrode 27 that resistance welded obtains on the front end face of main metal fixture intermediate.Produce so-called " horn mouth " when this welding, after removing " horn mouth ", form threaded portion 15 by roll forming at the predetermined position of main metal fixture intermediate.Thus, the main metal fixture 3 being welded with grounding electrode 27 is obtained.
Then, zinc-plated or plating Ni is implemented to the main metal fixture 3 being welded with grounding electrode 27.In addition, in order to improve corrosion resistance, also chromaking process can be implemented further on its surface.
On the other hand, separate with described main metal fixture 3 processing is formed to insulator 2.Such as, use based on aluminium oxide and comprise the material powder of adhesive etc., modulation is shaped and uses basic granules, uses this shaping to carry out rubber with basic granules compressing, obtains the formed body of tubular thus.Further, grinding implemented to the formed body obtained and carries out shaping, and the parts after shaping are burnt till in firing furnace, obtaining insulator 2 thus.
In addition, with aforementioned body accessory 3, insulator 2 manufacturing center's electrode 5 dividually.That is, forging processing being implemented to the Ni alloy of the copper alloy be configured with at central part for improving exothermicity etc., making central electrode 5.
And, make termination 32 in advance.That is, prepare containing the above Ni of 93 quality %, and respectively containing Si, the Mn of scheduled volume, the alloy of rare earth element, heat forged, hot rolling (grooved roller rolls) are implemented to this alloy.Afterwards, after implementing Wire Drawing acquisition club-shaped material, cut into predetermined length and obtained termination 32.Obtain termination 32 as above in the present embodiment, but after also can thinner alloy being become to cut into prior Wire Drawing to be greater than predetermined length, shapingly by press-in die obtain termination 32.In addition, the hardness ratio comparatively large (such as, more than 200Hv) of the termination 32 of carving at this moment.In addition, along with Wire Drawing, in termination 32, remain the tensile stress of larger (such as, about 200MPa) along its central axis direction.
Then, the insulator 2 obtained as mentioned above and central electrode 5, resistive element 7 and terminal electrode 6 are fixed by sealing by glass seal layer 8,9.Glass seal layer 8,9 is generally mixing pyrex and metal dust is modulated, clip resistive element 7 and be injected into insulator 2 axis hole 4 in after, while pressing from rear with above-mentioned terminal electrode 6, burnt till by heating in combustion furnace.In addition, now, also can burn till glaze layer on the surface of the rear end side main part 10 of insulator 2 simultaneously, or also can form glaze layer in advance.
Afterwards, the insulator 2 possessing the central electrode 5 and terminal electrode 6 made respectively as described above and the main metal fixture 3 possessing grounding electrode 27 are fixed.More specifically, after insulator 2 being inserted in main metal fixture 3, riveting inside the peristome radius vector direction of the rear end side of the main metal fixture 3 formed compared with unfertile land, namely fixing insulator 2 and main metal fixture 3 by forming above-mentioned caulking part 20.
Then, in bonding process, termination 32 is joined to the leading section of grounding electrode 27.That is, as shown in Figure 3, while an end face 32b of termination 32 is contacted with the side 27S of central electrode 5 side of grounding electrode 27, predetermined welding electrode rod WS is contacted with the other end 32F of termination 32.Now, termination 32 is configured in the scope within the front end 1.5mm of grounding electrode 27.Then, welding electrode rod WS is moved to grounding electrode 27 side, with welding electrode rod WS with predetermined pressure pressing termination 32, and be energized to termination 32 from welding electrode rod WS with predetermined current value.Thus, termination 32 joins grounding electrode 27 to.
In addition, when being at least energized to termination 32, the side 32S between an end face 32B and another side 32F of termination 32 do not supported by fixture etc. and and atmosphere.Under the state making side 32S and atmosphere at not support side 32S, fully heat termination 32 by welding termination 32.Its result, the hardness of termination 32 declines identically with the situation implementing annealing and its hardness is below 160Hv.But after bonding process, the hardness of termination 32 is more than 100Hv.
In addition, by regulating welding electrode rod WS to the pressing loading of termination 32 and the electrical current to termination 32, removing the tensile stress remaining in termination 32, and becoming the state that compressive residual stress is applied to the other end 32F of termination 32.
Then, in bending operation, grounding electrode 27 is to central electrode 5 lateral bend.That is, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), between central electrode 5 and grounding electrode 27, bar-shaped support fixture JG1 is configured.Then, on the basis by the above-mentioned side 27S of support fixture JG1 supported grounding electrode 27, press the face being positioned at the 27S back side, above-mentioned side in grounding electrode 27 by predetermined pressing fixture JG2, grounding electrode 27 is bent to obtuse angle shape.Then, as shown in Fig. 4 (b), by predetermined pressing fixture JG3, the leading section of grounding electrode 27 is pressed along axis CL1, grounding electrode 27 is bent to approximate right angle shape, and form spark-discharge gap 33 between central electrode 5 and termination 32.Finally, by regulating the size of spark-discharge gap 33 to obtain above-mentioned spark plug 1.
As explained in detail above, according to the present embodiment, owing to forming termination 32 by the metal taking Ni as main component, therefore compared with using the situation of precious metal alloys, can manufacturing cost be suppressed.
In addition, be configured in the present embodiment: the hardness of termination 32 is at below 163Hv, and the strain forming the metallic crystal grain of termination 32 is suppressed.Therefore, heat successfully transmits in the inside of termination 32, can improve the heat conductivity of termination 32.In addition, because the metal of termination 32 by the Ni of the heat conductivity excellence containing more than 93 quality % is formed, therefore, it is possible to improve the heat conductivity of termination 32 further.That is, while the hardness of termination 32 being set to below 163Hv, the metal being more than 93 quality % by Ni amount forms termination 32, can significantly improve the heat conductivity of termination 32.Its result, can significantly improve the resistance to consumption of termination 32, and then can the effect of raising ignition quality of long term maintenance by arranging termination 32 and obtaining.
In addition, the other end 32F that compressive residual stress puts on termination 32 is configured in the present embodiment.Therefore, even if when applying vibration along with actions such as internal combustion engines to termination 32, the breakages such as disappearance are less likely to occur in above-mentioned other end 32F.Thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the expansion rapidly of the spark-discharge gap 33 produced because of the breakage on above-mentioned other end 32F further.Its result, can suppress the increase of discharge voltage, can suppress the consumption rapidly of the central electrode 5 and termination 32 of accompanying with sparkover.In addition, the sparkover in beyond spark-discharge gap 33 can being suppressed, reliably can playing the effect of the raising ignition quality obtained by arranging termination 32 further.
And the hardness due to termination 32 is more than 100Hv, therefore transport spark plug 1 time etc. in, can reliably prevent termination 32 injured further.
In addition, the hardness due to grounding electrode 27 is more than 90Hv, therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent from producing reflex action together on grounding electrode 27 with cut-out when manufacturing grounding electrode 27.Therefore, even if as in the present embodiment termination 32 to be engaged in the position of distance at below 1.5mm of the front end of electrode 27 to improve ignition quality, also can engage grounding electrode 27 and termination 32 securely, and then effectively suppress to form iron scale on both joint borders.Its result, can suppress the heat conductivity from termination 32 to grounding electrode 27, can improve the resistance to consumption of termination 32 further.
In addition, the hardness due to grounding electrode 27 is below 150Hv, therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent losing of the support fixture JG1 in bending operation further.Its result, can boost productivity further.
In addition, Si, Mn, Al respectively containing scheduled volume in termination 32 and grounding electrode 27, therefore, it is possible to the oxidative resistance improving termination 32 and grounding electrode 27.Therefore, can suppress the decline with oxidation heat conductivity together in termination 32 and grounding electrode 27, its result, can improve the resistance to consumption of termination 32 further.
And containing while more than one rare earth elements in termination 32 and grounding electrode 27, total amount of rare earth element is more than 0.05 quality % and below 0.25 quality %.Therefore, it is possible to suppress the clipped wire growth forming termination 32, grounding electrode 27.Can effectively prevent from splitting in termination 32, grounding electrode 27, disappearance etc.
Then, in order to confirm to reach action effect by above-mentioned execution mode, make the sample that multiple stiffness changing by termination becomes multiple spark plug, resistance to consumption evaluation test and the evaluation test of tolerance trauma are carried out to this sample.
The summary of resistance to consumption evaluation test is as follows.That is, after being arranged on by sample on predetermined chamber, air atmosphere is set to by chamber, and be 0.4MPa by the pressure setting in chamber, execute alive frequency and be set to 100Hz (that is, the ratio of 6000 times per minute), each sample was discharged through 20 hours.Then, after 20 hours, measure the extensive magnitude (gap recruitment) of the size of spark-discharge gap.At this, for the sample of gap recruitment less than 0.10mm, being evaluated as resistance to consumption excellence and marking "○", is the sample of more than 0.10mm for gap recruitment, is evaluated as resistance to consumption difference and marks "×".
In addition, the summary tolerating trauma evaluation test is as follows.That is, use predetermined autoplotter (autograph), under the loading of 50N or 70N, the sheet metal of the corner column formed by predetermined super-steel is connected to the other end of termination.Then, after applying loading, observe the other end of termination and confirm whether other end exists scar.At this, even if do not produce the sample of scar on termination for the loading applying 70N yet, be evaluated as tolerance trauma extremely excellent and mark " ◎ ", although for the sample not producing scar when scar occurring when applying the loading of 70N but apply the loading of 50N, be evaluated as tolerance trauma excellence and mark "○".On the other hand, for the sample producing scar when applying the loading of 50N on termination, being evaluated as tolerance trauma difference and marking "×".
The result of the test of resistance to consumption evaluation test and the result of the test of tolerance trauma evaluation test is represented respectively in table 1.In addition, in Table 1, except representing gap recruitment, the consumption volume of termination when carrying out resistance to consumption evaluation test is also represented in the lump.In addition, the termination of each sample is formed by the alloy containing the above Ni of 90 quality %.And, the external diameter of termination is 1.5mm, and the thickness of grounding electrode is 1.5mm, and the width of grounding electrode is 2.8mm, termination is engaged in the position (in following test, termination and grounding electrode are of a size of same as described above) leaving 1.5mm from the front end of grounding electrode.In addition, the hardness of termination is by regulating the heating condition of termination when welding to change.Such as, when the hardness of termination is set to higher, by the side of metal fixture support termination, weld under the easy d/d state of the thermal capacitance of the termination being transmitted to above-mentioned fixture.
[table 1]
| Termination hardness (Hv) | Gap recruitment (mm) | Consume volume (mm 2) | Resistance to consumption evaluation | The evaluation of tolerance trauma |
| 85 | 0.05 | 0.162 | ○ | ○ |
| 94 | 0.06 | 0.180 | ○ | ○ |
| 100 | 0.06 | 0.195 | ○ | ◎ |
| 105 | 0.05 | 0.169 | ○ | ◎ |
| 113 | 0.05 | 0.184 | ○ | ◎ |
| 128 | 0.06 | 0.190 | ○ | ◎ |
| 142 | 0.07 | 0.196 | ○ | ◎ |
| 151 | 0.08 | 0.202 | ○ | ◎ |
| 160 | 0.08 | 0.204 | ○ | ◎ |
| 163 | 0.08 | 0.223 | ○ | ◎ |
| 169 | 0.10 | 0.240 | × | ◎ |
| 181 | 0.11 | 0.249 | × | ◎ |
As shown in table 1, the hardness of termination be the gap recruitment of the sample of below 163Hv less than 0.10mm, confirm that there is excellent resistance to consumption.Its reason may be thought of as: formed the point of termination by the metal of the Ni in a large number containing heat conductivity excellence and played by the hardness of termination being set to the lower point suppressing to form the stress of the metallic crystal grain of termination the effect be multiplied, thus significantly improving the heat conductivity of termination.
And, can confirm: though termination hardness be the sample of more than 100Hv when being applied in the very large loading of 70N, termination does not produce scar, there is excellent tolerance trauma.
By above result of the test, in order to improve resistance to consumption, preferably form termination by the metal containing the above Ni of 93 quality %, and the hardness of termination is at below 163Hv.
In addition, in order to improve the tolerance trauma of termination, preferably the hardness of termination is set to more than 100Hv.
Then, make the sample that the residual stress of other end (forming the face of spark-discharge gap) is changed over the grounding electrode of multiple termination by welding, vibration resistance evaluation test has been carried out to each sample.The summary of vibration resistance evaluation test is as follows.That is, with predetermined ultrasonic vibrator (ultrasonic horn), the back side being welded with the position of termination in sample is applied to the vibration 10 hours of frequency 27.3KHz.Then, after 10 hours, observe termination, confirm whether there is disappearance in the other end of termination.At this, termination does not produce disappearance, be evaluated as termination and there is excellent vibration resistance and mark "○", on the other hand, termination there occurs disappearance, be evaluated as the vibration resistance difference of termination and mark "×".Represent residual stress and the result of the test of the other end, termination in each sample in table 2 respectively.
In addition, in table 2, residual stress is negative is represent residual compression stress on the other end of termination, and residual stress is represent residual tensile stress on the other end of termination just.In addition, preparing the termination of residual tensile stress on other end, when being welded with grounding electrode this termination, by regulating the loading and the electric current that put on termination, changing the residual stress in the other end of termination.In addition, residual stress is by using the x-ray residual stress measurement mechanism of X-ray diffraction method to measure.
[table 2]
| Sample No. | Residual stress (Mpa) | Evaluate |
| 1 | -220 | ○ |
| 2 | -170 | ○ |
| 3 | -120 | ○ |
| 4 | -50 | ○ |
| 5 | 0 | × |
| 6 | 20 | × |
| 7 | 100 | × |
As shown in table 2, can know: the sample (sample 1 to 4) being applied in compressive residual stress in the other end of termination does not produce disappearance on termination that there is excellent vibration resistance.
By the result of above-mentioned test, when being applied in vibration, from the view point of the breakage of other end more reliably preventing termination, preferably compressive residual stress is applied to the other end (forming the face of spark-discharge gap) of termination.
Then, making multiple is the sample of multiple spark plug by the stiffness changing of grounding electrode, carries out caloric test on machine to each sample.On machine, the summary of caloric test is as follows.That is, with by making the temperature of termination be cool one minute gradually the burner of 980 DEG C to carry out the heating of 2 minutes to sample after to implement 1000 cycles for one-period to sample under air atmosphere.Then, after 1000 end cycles, observe sample in cross section, measurement is formed at the ratio (iron scale ratio) of length relative to the length on this joint border of the iron scale on the joint border of grounding electrode and termination.In addition, termination is all engaged in the position leaving 1.5mm from grounding electrode front end by each sample.
And, above-mentioned resistance to consumption evaluation test has been carried out for the sample carried out on machine after caloric test.
Represent the result of the test of two kinds of tests in table 3 respectively.In addition, the hardness of grounding electrode is by regulating heat-treat condition to change.
[table 3]
As shown in table 3, confirm: the hardness of grounding electrode easily generates iron scale less than the sample of 90Hv on the joint border of grounding electrode and termination.Its reason may be thought of as follows: because the hardness ratio of grounding electrode is lower, and therefore with cutting off, the end of grounding electrode produces small reflex action, and then the bond strength of termination and grounding electrode is insufficient.In addition, known: the sample forming iron scale on the joint border of grounding electrode and termination becomes larger in resistance to consumption evaluation test intermediate gap recruitment.Its reason may be thought of as: because of the existence of iron scale, heat is difficult to be delivered to grounding electrode from termination, and then causes termination overheated.
In contrast, known: the hardness of grounding electrode is that the sample of more than 90Hv does not form iron scale on joint border, and in addition, resistance to consumption is extremely excellent.
Then, make and multiple the central shaft along grounding electrode is changed into multiple spark plug sample from the front end of grounding electrode to the distance L of termination, ignition quality evaluation test has been carried out to each sample.The summary of ignition quality evaluation test is as follows.That is, be installed on the engine of air displacement 1.5L by each sample, time of ignition is set to MBT (optimum ignition location) and carries out sparkover, makes engine action with revolution 1600rpm.Then, strengthen (making fuel become less) air-fuel ratio gradually, and measure the rate of change of engine torque by each air-fuel ratio, air-fuel ratio when determining the rate of change of engine torque more than 5% is boundary air-fuel ratio.In addition, boundary air-fuel ratio is larger, just means that ignition quality is more excellent.Represent the result of the test of this test in Figure 5.
As shown in Figure 5, confirm distance L be sample and the distance L of below 1.5mm be greater than 1.5mm sample compared with, boundary air-fuel ratio increases further and ignition quality is excellent.Its reason may be thought of as: hindered by growth distance L being set to the less Huo Yan center suppressing to produce because of the existence of grounding electrode.
Can be found out by the result of the test of above-mentioned test: in order to improve ignition quality, when the distance from the front end of grounding electrode to termination is set to below 1.5mm, suppress the formation of the iron scale in the joint border of grounding electrode and termination, in order to improve the resistance to consumption of termination further, preferably the hardness of grounding electrode is set to more than 90Hv.
Then, preparing multiple is the sample of multiple spark plug by the stiffness changing of grounding electrode, above-mentioned bending operation implemented respectively by the sample identical for the hardness of grounding electrode, produces the number of times (when losing number of times) of the bending operation till losing by the hardness measurement of each grounding electrode in the support fixture of supported grounding electrode.At this, during to lose, number of times is measure for limit for 200,000 times, number of times is more than 200,000 times when losing, is evaluated as productivity ratio extremely excellent and mark " ◎ ", when losing number of times be more than 150,000 times less than 200,000 times, be evaluated as productivity ratio excellent and mark "○".On the other hand, when losing number of times less than 150,000 times, be judged as producing rate variance and marking "×".Represent the result of the test of this test in table 4.
[table 4]
| Grounding electrode hardness (Hv) | Number of times when losing | Productivity ratio is evaluated |
| 70 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 80 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 85 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 90 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 100 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 130 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 150 | More than 200000 | ◎ |
| 180 | 180000 | ○ |
| 200 | 180000 | ○ |
As shown in table 4, when the hardness of grounding electrode is below 150Hv, when losing, number of times is more than 200,000 times, is confirmed to be productivity ratio extremely excellent.
By above-mentioned result of the test, can find out: in order to boost productivity, preferably the hardness of grounding electrode be set to below 150Hv.
Then, when termination being engaged in grounding electrode by resistance welded, as shown in Figure 6, in following two kinds of situations, measure respectively 5 times with engaging ground electrode after the hardness of termination, that is, under the state supporting side, termination by metal clamps JG4, to the situation (welding A: be equivalent to comparative example) that termination is energized; Do not support termination side and with under the state of atmosphere, to the situation (welding B: be equivalent to embodiment) that termination is energized.Represent the hardness of the termination of welding with each welding in table 5 respectively.In addition, the hardness of the termination before joint is 200Hv ~ 260Hv.In addition, the position measuring termination hardness is comprise in the cross section of termination central shaft, termination kernel of section.
[table 5]
| No. | Welding A (Hv) | Welding B (Hv) |
| 1 | 182 | 107 |
| 2 | 197 | 131 |
| 3 | 201 | 120 |
| 4 | 193 | 123 |
| 5 | 172 | 110 |
As shown in table 5, known: when welding termination by welding B, fully reduce the hardness of termination.Its reason may be thought of as: because the side of termination is not by supporting and atmosphere, the heat of the termination therefore when welding is not easy to be released, and termination is fully heated.
By the result of above-mentioned test, known: the hardness more reliably reducing termination in order to not arrange special manufacturing procedure, when resistance welded, preferably do not support termination side and with atmosphere state under termination is energized.
In addition, be not limited to the contents of above-mentioned execution mode, such as, may be embodied as follows.Certainly, be not illustrated in other following application examples, variation is also passable.
A () in the above-described embodiment, termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 are formed by the metal comprising Si, Mn and Al, but termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 also can be formed by comprising the metal of at least one in Si, Mn and Al.In addition, termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 also can be formed by the metal not comprising Si, Mn etc.And, containing in the situations such as Si, Mn, also can these amount of appropriate change.
B () in the above-described embodiment, termination 32 and grounding electrode 27 both sides contain rare earth element, but also at least one party can contain rare earth element in termination 32 and grounding electrode 27.
C () in the above-described embodiment, be configured to the hardness that can regulate termination 32 when engaging termination 32 to grounding electrode 27, but also before termination 32 is engaged to grounding electrode 27 or after engaging, heat treatment can be implemented to termination 32 and regulates the hardness of termination 32.
D () in the above-described embodiment, spark-discharge gap 33 is formed between central electrode 5 and termination 32, but also can the noble metal tip that be made up of precious metal alloys (such as, White gold alloy, iridium alloy etc.) be set at the leading section of central electrode 5 and form spark-discharge gap 33 between this noble metal tip and termination 32.
E () in the above-described embodiment, the cross section of tool engagement portion 19 is hexagon shape, but about the shape of tool engagement portion 19, be not limited to this shape.Such as, can be Bi-HEX (being out of shape 12 jiaos) shape (ISO22977:2005 (E)) etc.
Claims (9)
1. a spark plug, possesses:
The insulator of tubular, has at the through axis hole of axis direction;
Central electrode, is inserted in the front of above-mentioned axis hole;
The main metal fixture of tubular, is arranged at the periphery of above-mentioned insulator;
Grounding electrode, the base end part of self is fixed on the leading section of aforementioned body accessory; And
Termination, engages with the leading section of above-mentioned grounding electrode, and forms gap between the leading section of above-mentioned central electrode, and the feature of above-mentioned spark plug is,
Above-mentioned termination is formed by the metal of the nickel containing more than 93 quality %, and the hardness of above-mentioned termination is below Vickers hardness 163Hv,
Compressive residual stress puts on the face in the above-mentioned gap of formation of above-mentioned termination.
2. spark plug according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Along above-mentioned grounding electrode central shaft, distance from the front end of above-mentioned grounding electrode to above-mentioned termination is below 1.5mm,
The hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is more than Vickers hardness 90Hv.
3. spark plug according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal taking nickel as main component, and,
At least one party in above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode comprises at least one in silicon, manganese and aluminium.
4. spark plug according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned grounding electrode is formed by the metal taking nickel as main component, and,
At least one party in above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode contains silicon, the manganese of below more than 0.1 quality % 1.1 quality %, the aluminium of below more than 0.01 quality % 1.00 quality % of below more than 0.5 quality % 1.3 quality %.
5. spark plug according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,
At least one party in above-mentioned termination and above-mentioned grounding electrode contains more than one rare earth element.
6. spark plug according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
Total amount of rare earth element is below more than 0.05 quality % 0.25 quality %.
7. a manufacture method for spark plug, the spark plug of above-mentioned spark plug according to any one of claim 1 to 6, the feature of the manufacture method of above-mentioned spark plug is,
Comprise bonding process, by resistance welded, above-mentioned termination be engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode,
In above-mentioned bonding process,
Under the state making an end face of above-mentioned termination contact with above-mentioned grounding electrode, while being pressurizeed towards above-mentioned grounding electrode side from side, other end in above-mentioned termination, above-mentioned termination is energized, thus above-mentioned termination is engaged in above-mentioned grounding electrode,
At least when being energized to above-mentioned termination, the side between an end face and other end of above-mentioned termination and atmosphere.
8. the manufacture method of spark plug according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
The hardness of the above-mentioned termination after above-mentioned bonding process is more than Vickers hardness 100Hv.
9. the manufacture method of the spark plug according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that,
Comprise bending operation, under the state being positioned at the face of above-mentioned central electrode side supporting above-mentioned grounding electrode by bar-shaped support fixture, press above-mentioned grounding electrode from the face of the opposition side in the face of above-mentioned central electrode side and carry out bending above-mentioned grounding electrode,
The hardness of above-mentioned grounding electrode is below Vickers hardness 150Hv.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4581558A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1986-04-08 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engines having an alloy layer between the electrodes and tip ends |
| CN1839525A (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-09-27 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN101461106A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2009-06-17 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Spark plug |
| CN101904066A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2010-12-01 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same |
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| JPH10251786A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1998-09-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Electrode material for spark plug |
| JP4644140B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2011-03-02 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP5279350B2 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2013-09-04 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | Grooving method for discharge surface of spark plug electrode tip |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4581558A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1986-04-08 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engines having an alloy layer between the electrodes and tip ends |
| CN1839525A (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-09-27 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN101461106A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2009-06-17 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Spark plug |
| CN101904066A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2010-12-01 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same |
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