CN102586032A - Production method for biodiesel - Google Patents

Production method for biodiesel Download PDF

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CN102586032A
CN102586032A CN201210035500XA CN201210035500A CN102586032A CN 102586032 A CN102586032 A CN 102586032A CN 201210035500X A CN201210035500X A CN 201210035500XA CN 201210035500 A CN201210035500 A CN 201210035500A CN 102586032 A CN102586032 A CN 102586032A
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ester
fatty
fatty acid
reaction
catalyst
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CN102586032B (en
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张成如
车春玲
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Linyi Xinghuo Intellectual Property Service Co.,Ltd.
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LINYI SHINENGDE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FUEL CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical biodiesel, and particularly relates to a production method for biodiesel. The production method for the biodiesel comprises the following steps of: (1) physically and chemically refining biomass oil: refining raw biomass oil into colorless, odorless and transparent triglyceride fatty acid mixture through filtration, hydration degumming, adsorption bleaching and a solvent dewaxing process; and (2) producing fatty acid ester of different carbon chain lengths: adding the refined biomass obtained after treatment and the low carbon alcohol into a catalytic refining tower according to a molar ratio of 1-6:1, wherein AlCl3-loaded strong-acid cation exchange resin is used as a catalyst bed in the catalytic refining tower; diatomite is used as an inertial layer of the catalyst bed; the refined biomass oil and the low carbon alcohol are subjected to catalytic ester exchange reaction under the conditions of reaction temperature of 50-120 DEG C and the reaction pressure of normal pressure for the reaction time of 2-3.5 hours to obtain fatty acid ester; and the fatty acid ester is added into an evaporator to perform vacuum distillation, separation and purification. A method adopted by the invention has a simple and feasible technological line; a product is easily separated from a catalyst; the catalyst can be repeatedly used; the application cost of the catalyst is saved; and meanwhile, a large amount of sewage is not produced so as not to cause environmental pollution.

Description

A kind of working method of biofuel
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical industry biofuel, relate to a kind of working method of biofuel particularly.
Background technology
Along with the sustained and rapid development of Chinese national economy, the equilibrium of supply and demand problem of diesel oil has become the focus of China's oil market development.In recent years; Although oil refining enterprise makes bavin/vapour than progressively improving through employing new technology; But still can not satisfy growing diesel oil demand, and can produce a large amount of oxysulfide, oxynitride and carbon soot particles behind the diesel combustion, enter and can cause serious environmental to pollute in the atmosphere.Biofuel is the renewable energy source of cleaning, is fine petroleum diesel substitute, greatly develops biofuel to sustainable economic development, alleviates environmental stress, and the control urban atmospheric pollution is significant.
The production of the biofuel of prior art, the main employing adds alkali and handles with depickling in carrying out, to take off the free fatty acids of bio-oil; Thereby can produce a large amount of soda acid wastes; Contaminate environment and production cost are high, and the limited range of raw material is big, waste is more, and yield is lower.
Production biofuel main method is an ester-interchange method in the industry.Ester-interchange method comprises acid catalysis, base catalysis, biological enzyme and overcritical ester-interchange method etc.Wherein the catalyzer used of acid catalyzed process is an an acidic catalyst, mainly contains sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid etc.Acid base catalysator was not easy to separate with product when classical acid base catalysis legal system was equipped with biofuel, and the acid base catalysator that exists in the product must neutralize and wash, thereby produced a large amount of sewage, and soda acid can not be reused, and brought higher catalyzer cost.Simultaneously, acid base catalysator has stronger corrodibility to equipment.
The people such as Yang Kaihua of " biochemical engineering " report are earlier with the reaction product static layering; Supernatant liquid is the mixing solutions of fatty acid methyl ester and methyl alcohol;, distillation obtains fatty acid methyl ester after telling methyl alcohol; Lower floor's liquid is the byproduct of reaction raw glycerine, and raw glycerine adds methyl alcohol dilution back and uses the underpressure distillation refining glycerine.Its technical matters route is complicated, and separation is imitated lower, and product activity is lower.
Summary of the invention
The working method that the objective of the invention is to be directed against the defective of above-mentioned existence and a kind of biofuel is provided.The method operational path that the present invention adopted is simple, and makes product and catalyzer separate easily, and catalyzer can be reused, and has practiced thrift the cost that uses catalyzer, can not produce large amount of sewage simultaneously and cause environmental pollution.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of working method of biofuel, and the step of this working method is following:
(1) physics of biomass oils and chemical refining: adopt and filter hydration degum, adsorption bleaching, solvent method dewaxing process
Biomass starting material oils is refined into the mixture of the transparent tri-glyceride of no color or smell;
(2) production of carbon chain lengths different fatty acids ester: will after step (1) is handled, join in the catalytic rectifying tower by molar ratio 1~6:1 with low-carbon alcohol by the refined raw material oil of gained, this catalytic rectifying tower is with load AlCl 3Strongly acidic cationic exchange resin be beds; With zeyssatite is the inert layer of beds; Said refined raw material oil is 50 ℃~120 ℃ with low-carbon alcohol in temperature of reaction, and reaction pressure is under the non-pressurized condition, carries out catalyzed transesterification; Reaction times is 2~3.5h, obtains fatty ester; Separate purification with carrying out underpressure distillation in this fatty ester adding vaporizer.
Low-carbon alcohol in the said step (2) is methyl alcohol or ethanol, and corresponding fatty ester is fatty acid methyl ester or fatty-acid ethyl ester.
Vaporizer in the said step (2) is a thin-film evaporator.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: compared with prior art; The present invention adopts solid acid catalyst catalysis biomass oils to compare with the homogeneous acid base catalysis method that extensively adopts at present with the reaction of low-carbon alcohol reacted fatty ester; Product is easy to separate with catalyzer; And avoided the discharging of a large amount of spent acid salkali waste, effectively prevented the pollution of environment.
The method operational path that the present invention adopted is simple; Improved raw material availability; Reduce the usage quantity of low-carbon alcohol, the raw materials components mole ratio of present method raw material oils and alcohols is 1~6:1, and the conventional an acidic catalyst method raw material oils of prior art and the raw materials components mole ratio of alcohols are 1:4.And method used in the present invention makes product and catalyzer separate easily, and catalyzer can be reused, and has practiced thrift the cost that uses catalyzer, can not produce large amount of sewage simultaneously and cause environmental pollution.Operate continuously is convenient in the easily-activated regeneration of used solid acid catalyst, has shortened the production cycle, and the required reaction times of working method of the present invention is 2~3.5h, and the required reaction times of conventional an acidic catalyst method of prior art is 4~9h.Present method has improved the flexibility of technology to raw material on the one hand; Improve utilization ratio of raw materials on the other hand, reduced raw materials cost; Moreover reduced the acid number of product, and improved product production, can know that through the on probation of biofuel that this method is produced it is superior to petrifaction diesel aspect the external combustion.
Biofuel through this process method is produced detects: its each item performance index reach or are superior to the requirement of the up-to-date GB CB/T19147-2003 of diesel oil, meet the requirement of world's fuel oil standard II level diesel quality standard, specific targets such as following table:
Figure 731533DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Embodiment
Carry out detailed explanation in the face of the technical scheme of invention down.
Embodiment one
(1) physics of biomass oils and chemical refining: from animal and plant body oils; Because the source has various impurity with different the containing of the course of processing, wherein mechanical impurity comprises silt, material embryo powder, fiber, careless bits, sclerotin, metal etc.; Water-soluble impurity comprises moisture, protein, carbohydrate, resene; Colloid, oil soluble impurity comprise free lipid acid, VITAMINs, pigment, wax and phosphatide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons etc., therefore at first must make with extra care the oils raw material.Adopt and filter, hydration degum, adsorption bleaching, solvent method dewaxing process are refined into biomass starting material oils in the mixture of the transparent tri-glyceride of no color or smell;
(2) production of fatty acid methyl ester: will after step (1) is handled, join in the catalytic rectifying tower by molar ratio 4:1 with methyl alcohol by the refined raw material oil of gained, this catalytic rectifying tower is with load AlCl 3Strongly acidic cationic exchange resin be beds, be the inert layer of beds with zeyssatite, said refined raw material oil is 90 ℃ with methyl alcohol in temperature of reaction; Reaction pressure is under the non-pressurized condition; Carry out catalyzed transesterification, the reaction times is 3h, obtains fatty acid methyl ester; Separate purification with carrying out underpressure distillation in this fatty acid methyl ester adding thin-film evaporator.
Embodiment two
(1) physics of biomass oils and chemical refining: from animal and plant body oils; Because the source has various impurity with different the containing of the course of processing, wherein mechanical impurity comprises silt, material embryo powder, fiber, careless bits, sclerotin, metal etc.; Water-soluble impurity comprises moisture, protein, carbohydrate, resene; Colloid, oil soluble impurity comprise free lipid acid, VITAMINs, pigment, wax and phosphatide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons etc., therefore at first must make with extra care the oils raw material.Adopt and filter, hydration degum, adsorption bleaching, solvent method dewaxing process are refined into biomass starting material oils in the mixture of the transparent tri-glyceride of no color or smell;
(2) production of fatty-acid ethyl ester: will after step (1) is handled, join in the catalytic rectifying tower by molar ratio 3:1 with ethanol by the refined raw material oil of gained, this catalytic rectifying tower is with load AlCl 3Strongly acidic cationic exchange resin be beds, be the inert layer of beds with zeyssatite, said refined raw material oil is 80 ℃ with ethanol in temperature of reaction; Reaction pressure is under the non-pressurized condition; Carry out catalyzed transesterification, the reaction times is 2.5h, obtains fatty-acid ethyl ester; Separate purification with carrying out underpressure distillation in this fatty-acid ethyl ester adding thin-film evaporator.

Claims (3)

1. the working method of a biofuel is characterized in that, the step of this working method is following:
(1) physics of biomass oils and chemical refining: adopt and filter, hydration degum, adsorption bleaching, solvent method dewaxing process are refined into biomass starting material oils in the mixture of the transparent tri-glyceride of no color or smell;
(2) production of carbon chain lengths different fatty acids ester: will after step (1) is handled, join in the catalytic rectifying tower by molar ratio 1~6:1 with low-carbon alcohol by the refined raw material oil of gained, this catalytic rectifying tower is with load AlCl 3Strongly acidic cationic exchange resin be beds; With zeyssatite is the inert layer of beds; Said refined raw material oil is 50 ℃~120 ℃ with low-carbon alcohol in temperature of reaction, and reaction pressure is under the non-pressurized condition, carries out catalyzed transesterification; Reaction times is 2~3.5h, obtains fatty ester; Separate purification with carrying out underpressure distillation in this fatty ester adding vaporizer.
2. according to the working method of the said biofuel of claim 1, it is characterized in that the low-carbon alcohol in the said step (2) is methyl alcohol or ethanol, corresponding fatty ester is fatty acid methyl ester or fatty-acid ethyl ester.
3. according to the working method of the said biofuel of claim 1, it is characterized in that the vaporizer in the said step (2) is a thin-film evaporator.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106318648A (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-11 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Transesterification method based on microchannel reactor

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1687312A (en) * 2005-04-21 2005-10-26 浙江工业大学 Method for producing biologic diesel oil through waterpower cavitation
CN1966614A (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-05-23 香港中文大学 Method for preparing biological diesel fuel
CN101070480A (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Process for preparing biological diesel oil
CN101486923A (en) * 2009-02-05 2009-07-22 迟洪军 Environment friendly process for biodiesel
CN201330241Y (en) * 2009-01-05 2009-10-21 山东省花生研究所 Device for producing refined biodiesel with high acid value oil

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1687312A (en) * 2005-04-21 2005-10-26 浙江工业大学 Method for producing biologic diesel oil through waterpower cavitation
CN1966614A (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-05-23 香港中文大学 Method for preparing biological diesel fuel
CN101070480A (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Process for preparing biological diesel oil
CN201330241Y (en) * 2009-01-05 2009-10-21 山东省花生研究所 Device for producing refined biodiesel with high acid value oil
CN101486923A (en) * 2009-02-05 2009-07-22 迟洪军 Environment friendly process for biodiesel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
闵恩泽等: "《生物柴油产业链的开拓--生物柴油炼油化工厂》", 31 December 2006, 中国石化出版社 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106318648A (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-11 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Transesterification method based on microchannel reactor

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