CN102581852A - Attitude and position adjustment system for robot in heavy-duty assembly and handling - Google Patents
Attitude and position adjustment system for robot in heavy-duty assembly and handling Download PDFInfo
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- CN102581852A CN102581852A CN2012100192233A CN201210019223A CN102581852A CN 102581852 A CN102581852 A CN 102581852A CN 2012100192233 A CN2012100192233 A CN 2012100192233A CN 201210019223 A CN201210019223 A CN 201210019223A CN 102581852 A CN102581852 A CN 102581852A
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Abstract
An attitude and position adjustment system for a robot in heavy-duty assembly and handling comprises a plurality of manual manipulators and a controller. The manual manipulators are directly placed at different positions on the surface of a workpiece to be operated, and are connected with the controller in a wired or wireless manner. An operator can directly push and pull an operating lever of each manual manipulator to generate operation signals. The signals are processed and calculated by the controller, and control commands are generated according to the operator's intent, and enable the robot to hold the manipulated workpiece to correspondingly move so as to adjust the position and attitude of the workpiece, which is equivalent to the fact that the operator directly pushes and pulls local positions of the work piece under the balanced state. The attitude and position adjustment system is especially suitable for multiple operators to focus on controlling the position and attitude of a plurality of key positions so as to assemble or handle a large workpiece.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of device of industrial robot technical field, specifically is a kind of manual control device that is used for non-structure environment robot heavy duty assembling/transport operation.
Background technology
When robot (perhaps other similar plant equipment, hereinafter all refers to robot) realizes the carrying of workpiece or assembling action under non-structure environment, often need adjust the position and the attitude of workpiece.Here so-called non-structure environment is meant that the robot working environment has uncertainty, can't realize accurately location automatically through programming in advance, for example is assembled body and can't measures and locate with respect to the position of robot.The purpose of using robot in this case is normally because the workpiece weight and volume is bigger, and manpower is difficult to accomplish assembling action, the for example installation of structural glass.
The robot real work is in the manual control pattern under this application model.Existing industrial robot adopts the mode of executor (being also referred to as teaching machine) to realize the manual control to robot usually; Be the hand-held executor of operator, perhaps move along coordinate direction through each the joint self-movement of several groups of button control robots on the executor.Also some executor uses the multidimensional control stick to control the motion of robot, for example KUKA industrial robot.But this method also is not suitable for above-mentioned heavy duty assembling and transport operation:
1, for the executor of push button, can only realize each joint self-movement of robot, perhaps the reference axis parallel direction along the predefine coordinate system moves and rotates around reference axis, can not realize the translation and the rotation of any direction.
2,, be difficult to realize the fine movement of robot for the multidimensional control stick.For large-scale workpiece, a low-angle rotates and will cause the bigger displacement in edge, and the control stick degree of regulation is not enough.And large-scale workpiece often need do local adjustment in some crucial contact site in installation, and the operator is difficult to judge that which type of attitude adjustment whole workpiece should do and just can satisfy the demand.
3, large-scale workpiece cooperates the completion assembling by many people usually, need approach observation at different parts, local adjustment.When being controlled by an executor, the operator has only a people, and other people are through communication, and are very not convenient when oral statement, and ambiguity is also arranged easily, can increase the risk of maloperation.
4, use these executors people that operates machine not directly perceived: executor separates with robot, need the convert relation in self erect-position and robot orientation of operator, and not only efficient is lower for this, also is easy to generate maloperation, possibly cause serious consequence.Robot manipulation person need pass through the professional training of long period could be on duty.
" by doing and illustrating " teaching of formula is a kind of more direct control mode; Be that the robot end adorns a handle; Six-dimension force sensor is arranged above; Can experience the size and Orientation of people's drawing handle steering force, control robot according to the size and Orientation of power and follow human hand movement, more more convenient than push button and multidimensional control stick.But for large-scale workpiece, 2,3 described defectives more than same the existence.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of location regulating system that is used for robot heavy duty assembling is provided, can make several operators realize easily the position and the attitude of large-scale workpiece are adjusted, accomplish assembling work.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme: described location regulating system comprises several manual control devices and a controller.
Described manual control device can be placed in the surface of the work that is assembled, and specifically quantity is looked the complexity of assembling work and participated in cooperating the number of assembling and deciding.The manual control device comprises surface adsorption device, control crank, three-dimensional force sensor, azimuth indicator, sensor signal processing module.
Described surface adsorption device is used for executor is fixed in surface of the work.For iron and steel system workpiece, can adopt magnetic suction disc absorption; For the workpiece of any surface finish such as glass, can adopt vacuum cup absorption; For other materials, can adopt multiple modes such as double faced adhesive tape to fix.Adsorbent equipment is as the substrate of executor, adopts modes such as flange and screw to be connected with other parts.
Described control crank is fixed on the substrate that adsorbent equipment constitutes, and by participating in cooperating the people of assembling to grip, and applies certain steering force, changes control signal into through the power sensor.This control signal is sent to controller, can control robot motion, thereby workpiece is carried out the pose adjustment.
Described three-dimensional force sensor is installed on the control crank root, can detect the component of the suffered steering force of handle in all directions, thereby obtains the size and Orientation of steering force.
Described azimuth indicator is installed on the executor shell, is made up of two potentiometer indication knobs.Stir the rotation knob by the operator, set the position of manual control device with respect to the robot tool coordinate.One of them knob points to the center of robot tool coordinate, is used for indicating the relative bearing at executor and robot tool coordinate center; Another knob points to corresponding scale on the dial plate, is used for indicating the distance at executor and robot tool coordinate center.
Described sensor signal processing module is a SCM system, comprises microprocessor, A/D conversion submodule and communicator module.Wherein A/D conversion submodule is used to read the signal of three-dimensional force sensor and two groups of needle electrometers, converts it to digital quantity.Wherein the communicator module be used for and controller between communication, data signal is sent to controller.Specifically radio receiving transmitting module can be adopted, also the wire cable ways of connecting can be adopted.
Described controller is an embedded computer system, receives the information that the manual control device sends through serial line interface, specifically can adopt radio receiving transmitting module, also can adopt the wire cable ways of connecting.Computer program is handled and computing sensor information, generates manual control signal, sends to robot controller through network interface, and the control robot realizes corresponding action.
Key of the present invention is controller to manual executor Signal Processing and calculating, produces relevant robot motion's commands for controlling robot motion, and accurate response goes out operator's intention.
The information processing and the calculating process of described controller are following:
Controller comprises from the information that the manual control device obtains: force signal and position signalling, force signal are the size and Orientation that the operator is applied to the power on the control crank, are obtained by three-dimensional force sensor; Position signalling is the position of manual control device with respect to the robot tool coordinate, is set through azimuth indicator by the operator, obtains through potentiometer indication knob.Controller is power and the moment that acts on the tool coordinates initial point according to the power equivalent transformation that the mechanics formula will act on the manual control device, controls the direction translation of robot power in the tool coordinates lower edge then, rotates around the moment direction.The speed of translation and rotation is proportional to the size of power and moment.Motion control instruction mails to robot controller by controller through communication interface, by the concrete drive machines people's motion of robot controller.Control action is equivalent at workpiece and is under the statically balanced state, on manual control device fixing point, has applied a power, makes whole work-piece under the effect of this power, move.When a plurality of manual control devices were worked simultaneously, then a plurality of controls acted at diverse location simultaneously, and the motion of workpiece is the stack of a plurality of control effects.
Its result of use is similar under state of weightlessness by the manual push-and-pull workpiece of operator, adjusts its position and attitude.Different is that the operator experiences the inertia less than workpiece, and what feel is damping, because be that speed is proportional to amount of force, but not acceleration is proportional to active force.The damping size depends on the damped coefficient of program setting.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) can use the most intuitively that mode realizes the six-freedom degree motion control to robot end's grabbing workpiece, accomplishes the manual operation to robot.(2) can cooperate the position and attitude adjustment of accomplishing large-scale heavy workpiece by a plurality of operators, each operator pays close attention to the crucial matching part in a place, and the direct manipulation workpiece motion s improves operating efficiency greatly.(3) use simply, need not training and can carry out the robot manipulation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the control system principle schematic.
Fig. 2 is the manipulator structure sketch map.
Fig. 3 is the controller architecture sketch map.
Fig. 4 concerns sketch map for coordinate transform.
The specific embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
Like Fig. 1-shown in Figure 3, present embodiment is realized through following technical scheme:
In the present embodiment; The carrying assembling work that robot 1 realizes large-scale workpiece 3 through instrument 2; The operator is fixed in workpiece 3 surfaces with manual control device 4, through the operate machine people motion of the handle of direct push-and-pull manual control device 4, with the adjustment location of workpiece and attitude.Manual control device 4 is communicated by letter with its controller 5 through radio receiving transmitting module, sends sensor signal to controller 5.Controller 5 produces motion control instruction through computing, sends to robot controller through network interface, specifically controls the robot motion by robot controller.
Described location regulating system comprises manual control device 4 and controller 5.Wherein the quantity of manual control device 4 can have a plurality ofly, and concrete quantity is looked the complexity of assembling work and participated in cooperating the number of assembling and deciding.Controller 5 quantity are one, are connected through the controller of network interface with robot 1.
Described manual control device 4 can be placed in workpiece 3 surfaces that are assembled, and comprises surface adsorption device 6, control crank 11, three-dimensional force sensor 10, azimuth indicator 13, sensor signal processing module 12, battery module 8 etc.
Described surface adsorption device 6 is used for executor is fixed in surface of the work.Adopt the manual vacuum sucker among this embodiment, comprise rubber cup and valve switch 7 thereof.By being pressed in workpiece 3 surfaces, the air of extruding in the leather cup can rely on atmospheric pressure surface adsorption device 6 to be fixed on the surface of workpiece 3 to the operator with surface adsorption device 6.Open valve switch 7, in leather cup, discharge air and can eliminate draught head, loosen surface adsorption device 6.Surface adsorption device 6 adopts flange to be connected with other parts with the screw mode as the substrate of executor.
Described control crank 11 is fixed on the substrate that surface adsorption device 6 constituted, and by participating in cooperating the people of assembling to grip, and applies certain steering force, changes control signal into through the power sensor.This control signal is sent to controller, can control robot motion, thereby workpiece is carried out the pose adjustment.
Described three-dimensional force sensor 10 is installed on the control crank root, can detect the component of the suffered steering force of handle in all directions, thereby obtains the size and Orientation of steering force.
Described azimuth indicator 13 is installed on the executor shell 9, employing be potentiometer indication knob, quantity is two.Stir the rotation knob by the operator, set the position of manual control device 4 with respect to robot tool 2.One of them knob points to the center of robot tool coordinate, is used for indicating the relative bearing at executor and robot tool coordinate center; Another knob points to corresponding scale on the dial plate, is used for indicating the distance at executor and robot tool coordinate center.
Described sensor signal processing module 12 is SCM systems, comprises microprocessor, serial communication interface and A/D translation interface etc.Sensor signal processing module 12 links to each other with radio receiving transmitting module 14 through its serial communication interface.Read the sensor signal of three-dimensional force sensor 10 and azimuth indicator 13 through the A/D translation interface, convert it to digital quantity.Wherein radio receiving transmitting module be used for and controller between digital communication, through antenna 15 data signal is sent to controller.
Described controller 5 is embedded computer systems, and concrete structure is as shown in Figure 3.Receive the information that manual control device 4 sends through wireless communication module.Computer program is handled and computing sensor information, generates manual control signal, sends to robot controller through network interface, and the control robot realizes corresponding action.
The information processing and the calculating process of described controller 5 are following:
Controller comprises from the information that the manual control device obtains: force signal and position signalling, force signal are the size and Orientation that the operator is applied to the power on the control crank 11, are obtained by three-dimensional force sensor 10; Position signalling is the position of manual control device 4 with respect to robot tool 2, is set through azimuth indicator 13 by the operator, obtains through potentiometer indication knob.As shown in Figure 4, the controller computer is according to the mechanics formula:
With the power equivalent transformation that acts on the manual control device 4 is power and the moment that acts on the tool coordinates initial point, controls the direction translation of robot power in the tool coordinates lower edge then, rotates around the moment direction.The speed of translation and rotation is proportional to the size of power and moment.Motion control instruction mails to robot controller by controller 5 through network interface, by the concrete drive machines people's motion of robot controller.Control action is equivalent at workpiece and is under the statically balanced state, on manual control device fixing point, has applied a power, makes whole work-piece under the effect of this power, move.When a plurality of manual control devices were worked simultaneously, then a plurality of controls acted at diverse location simultaneously, and the motion of workpiece is the stack of a plurality of control effects.
Its result of use is similar under state of weightlessness the direct manual push-and-pull workpiece by the operator, adjusts its position and attitude.Different is that the operator experiences the inertia less than workpiece, and what feel is damping, because be that speed is proportional to amount of force, but not acceleration is proportional to active force.The damping size depends on the damped coefficient of program setting.
The operating process of present embodiment is following:
(1) executor (teaching machine) that at first uses robot itself is according to the traditional approach people 1 that operates machine, and workpiece 3 is transported near the target location rough simultaneously its attitude of adjustment.
(2) cooperate the operator (can many people) of assembling that manual control device 4 is absorbed and fixed at tool surfaces, stationary plane should be parallel with the X-Y plane of robot tool coordinate, and the coordinate direction of manual control device 4 should be consistent with the robot tool coordinate, as shown in Figure 4.In fact because the tool coordinates of robot system can set arbitrarily, can be set in the surface of the work of fixed manual operator in the hope of X-Y plane, so this requirement is not difficult to satisfy with tool coordinates.For example when large flat glass was installed, tool coordinates system was set on the glass planar, and the manual control device also is absorbed and fixed on the glass planar and gets final product.
(3) operator sets azimuth indicator, and it is initial point that the knob pointer of representing the orientation is pointed to tool coordinates, and the knob of representing distance is screwed into corresponding scale.This gets final product apart from eye estimate.
(4) handle 11 of push-and-pull manual control device is adjusted the position and attitude of workpiece as required.This moment, robot was in the external control pattern, sent its motion of control instruction control by controller 5.
Adopt manual control device of the present invention and control method thereof, the operator need not the method that special training can be grasped the manual control robot motion.The manipulation process simple, intuitive can realize that many people cooperate carrying and the assembling of accomplishing large-scale workpiece, and everyone is responsible for the position and attitude of place's key position, improves the efficient and the security of assembling greatly.
Claims (6)
1. a location regulating system that is used for robot heavy duty assembling and transport operation is characterized in that: comprise that several can directly be placed in by manual control device and a controller of the diverse location on workpiece manipulation surface; Described manual control device links to each other with controller through wire cable or wireless sending module; Described controller is an embedded computer system, receives the information that the manual control device sends; Its computer program is handled and computing sensor information; Generate manual control instruction, send to robot controller through network interface, the control robot realizes corresponding action.
2. location regulating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described manual control device comprises surface adsorption device, control crank, three-dimensional force sensor, azimuth indicator, sensor signal processing module, wherein:
Described surface adsorption device, available different modes is fixed in surface of the work with executor;
Described control crank is fixed on the substrate that adsorbent equipment constitutes, by participating in cooperating the people of assembling to grip; And apply certain steering force, and changing control signal into through the power sensor, this control signal is sent to controller; In order to the control robot motion, thereby workpiece is carried out the pose adjustment;
Described three-dimensional force sensor is installed on the control crank root, detects the component of the suffered steering force of handle in all directions, thereby obtains the size and Orientation of steering force;
Described azimuth indicator; Be installed on the executor shell; Constitute by two potentiometer indication knobs, stir the rotation knob, set the position of this manual control device with respect to the robot tool coordinate by the operator; One of them knob points to the center of robot tool coordinate, is used for indicating the relative bearing at manual control device and robot tool coordinate center; Another knob points to corresponding scale on the dial plate, is used for indicating the distance at manual control device and robot tool coordinate center;
Described sensor signal processing module is a SCM system, comprises microprocessor; A/D conversion submodule and communicator module; Wherein said A/D conversion submodule is used to read three-dimensional force sensor and the potentiometric signal of two group-indicate knobs, converts it to digital quantity, wherein said communicator module be used for and controller between communication; Data signal is sent to controller, adopts radio receiving transmitting module or adopt the wire cable ways of connecting.
3. location regulating system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described surface adsorption device, for iron and steel system workpiece, adopt magnetic suction disc absorption.
4. location regulating system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described surface adsorption device, for the workpiece of any surface finish, adopt vacuum cup absorption.
5. location regulating system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described surface adsorption device, for the workpiece except that the material of iron and steel or any surface finish, adopt double faced adhesive tape to fix.
6. the information processing of a controller and operation method; Be used for the location regulating system of robot heavy duty assembling and transport operation, it is characterized in that: by controller manual executor signal is handled and calculated, produce relevant robot motion's instruction; Through robot controller control robot motion; Realize operator's intention, wherein, said method comprises the steps:
Step 1, controller obtain relevant information from the manual control device, comprise force signal and position signalling, and said force signal is obtained by three-dimensional force sensor; Said position signalling is set through azimuth indicator by the operator, obtains through potentiometer indication knob;
Step 2, controller are power and the moment of equivalent action at the tool coordinates initial point according to the force transformation that the mechanics formula will act on the manual control device; Control the direction translation of robot power then in the tool coordinates lower edge; Rotate around the moment direction, the speed of translation and rotation is proportional to the size of power and moment;
Step 3, motion control instruction mail to robot controller by controller through communication interface; By the concrete drive machines people's motion of robot controller, control action is equivalent at workpiece and is under the statically balanced state, on manual control device fixing point, has applied a power; Make whole work-piece under the effect of this power, move; When a plurality of manual control devices were worked simultaneously, then a plurality of controls acted at diverse location simultaneously, and the motion of workpiece is the stack of a plurality of control effects.
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Granted publication date: 20150114 Termination date: 20180120 |