CN102581060A - Method for processing copper tube having circular inside and quadrate outside - Google Patents
Method for processing copper tube having circular inside and quadrate outside Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102581060A CN102581060A CN201210038004XA CN201210038004A CN102581060A CN 102581060 A CN102581060 A CN 102581060A CN 201210038004X A CN201210038004X A CN 201210038004XA CN 201210038004 A CN201210038004 A CN 201210038004A CN 102581060 A CN102581060 A CN 102581060A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- foreign side
- copper pipe
- oxygen
- interior round
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a copper rube having a circular inside and a quadrate outside. The method comprises the steps of: 1) adopting high-pure cathode copper as a raw material and vacuum up-drawing in a clutch type way and continuously casting an oxygen-free copper rod by using a dragger group; 2) processing the oxygen-free copper rod from step 1) to form a copper tube blank having the circular inside and the quadrate outside by a continuous extruding machine group; 3) stretching the copper tube blank having the circular inside and the quadrate outside formed in step 2) by a high-precision stretcher; 4) annealing the stretched copper tube blank having the circular inside and the quadrate outside obtained in step 3) by bright annealing equipment; and 5) inspecting and packing the annealed copper tube blank having the circular inside and the quadrate outside obtained in step 4). The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of being low in energy consumption, high in yield, high in production efficiency, and long in the product length. In the method, the sum of content of copper and silver is not less than 99.99%; the content of oxygen is not more than 5ppm, and the electric conductivity is not less than 101% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of interior round foreign side copper pipe processing method, belong to technical field of nonferrous metal processing.
Background technology
In circle foreign side copper pipe have characteristics such as conductive section is big, the unit interval is many through cooling medium consumption, perfect heat-dissipating, be used to the critical material of various motors and accelerator make by atomic energy industry and electric machine industry.
General one of the following five kinds of traditional handicraft methods that adopt of interior circle foreign side's copper pipe process:
A: ingot casting-extrusion tube blank-rolling-intermediate annealing-stretching-annealing;
B: ingot casting-extrusion tube blank-stretching-annealing;
C: ingot casting-perforation-rolling (stretching)-annealing;
D: cast tube-rolling-intermediate annealing-stretching-annealing;
E: cast tube-stretching-annealing.
There are shortcomings such as scale of investment is big, lumber recovery is low, product length is limited, production efficiency is low, energy consumption is big in traditional interior round foreign side copper tube production process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of interior round foreign side copper pipe processing method.The present invention has that energy consumption is low, lumber recovery is high, production efficiency is high, the characteristics of product length, and Cu+Ag>=99.99%, O≤5ppm, conductance>=101%IACS.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
Circle foreign side copper pipe processing method comprises the steps: 1 in a kind of) with the Cu-CATH-1 prepared using traction unit disengaging type vacuum continuous up-casting oxygen-free copper bar; 2) adopt continuously extruded unit that the oxygen-free copper bar in the step 1) is processed to form interior round foreign side copper pipe base; 3) through the high accuracy stretching-machine to step 2) the interior round foreign side copper pipe base that forms stretches; 4) the interior round foreign side copper pipe after with the online bright annealing equipment of protective atmosphere step 3) being stretched is annealed; 5) the interior round foreign side copper pipe after the step 4) annealing is tested packing.
Cu-CATH-1 adopts a tough cathode of national Specification in the said step 1), and copper content is not less than 99.99%.
Cu-CATH-1 raw material in the said step 1) is fusing under 1150 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, insulation earlier; Vacuum state adopts copper liquid refining techniques down; Utilize online degasification device for deoxidizing, charge into inert gas in the copper liquid, and utilize agitating device; Reach could use on the traction unit disengaging type vacuum after degasification, deoxidation, the high-purity effect and draw oxygen-free copper bar, oxygen-free copper bar gets into take-up then; Wherein draw power traction bar speed 500-1500mm/min, oxygen-free copper bar diameter Ф 20 mm～30mm, crystallizer hydraulic pressure 0.2～0.4MPa, 35 ℃～50 ℃ of crystallizer leaving water temperatures, oxygen-free copper bar Cu+Ag>=99.99%, O≤5ppm.
Vacuum when said vacuum state is realized melting through adopting wooden carbon and graphite phosphorus sheet to cover.
Said inert gas adopts argon gas or nitrogen, adopts graphite shaft and rotor as agitating device, and argon gas or nitrogen are pressed in the copper liquid and are dispersed as micro-bubble, and it is dispersed in the copper liquid; Source of the gas outlet pressure 0.5～1MPa, the 5Nm of flow 0.5～1.
3/ h.
Said step 2) in sending in the extruding race of continuously extruded unit after Ф 20 mm～the 30mm oxygen-free copper bar is aligned; The squeegee roller rotating speed is 4～7r/min, and oxygen-free copper bar is through the compact wheel compacting, boots seat compaction pressure 30～40MPa; Under function of friction, sent into extrusion chamber continuously; Blank,, gets into cavity at last and extrudes interior round foreign side copper pipe base through mould through fricting shearing deformed area, jumping-up deformed area, adhesioin zone, right-angle bending crush zone along circular motion in cavity material blocking block front; Blank extruded velocity: 5～10m/min; The temperature of copper reaches 500 ℃～750 ℃ in extrusion process, and cavity internal pressure reaches 1000～1200MPa; Adopt the vacuum water device for cooling, make blank extrude the back and get into the vacuum tube cooling, dry up, batch to 20 ℃～30 ℃ at high temperature.In whole deformation process, cut off and the contacting of oxygen, avoided oxygen uptake, circle foreign side copper pipe low oxygen content improves electric conductivity in guaranteeing.
The drawing coefficient λ of high accuracy stretching-machine in the said step 3): 1.5～1.7.
Annealing temperature is 300 ℃～400 ℃ in the said step 4), annealing time 2～6h.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1. low energy consumption, short flow process; Adopt continuously extruded technology to produce interior round foreign side copper pipe, compare the operation of having omitted the ingot casting heating with traditional production process, reduced energy consumption, shortened production procedure, practice thrift the energy more than 50%.2. production efficiency is high, lumber recovery is high; Adopt continuously extruded technology to produce interior round foreign side copper pipe, can reach serialization production, circle foreign side copper pipe can reach more than 3 tons in every volume, realizes length production.Circle foreign side copper pipe in continuously extruded technology is produced has avoided that every copper pipe all need carry out crop, back-end crop in the traditional processing technology, and the lumber recovery of product reaches more than 90%.3. product quality is excellent, and product gas purity is high, oxygen content is low and conductance is high, and surface quality is excellent.Cu+Ag>=99.99%, O≤5ppm, conductance>=101%IACS.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the specification figure of the interior round foreign side copper pipe base of embodiment of the invention production;
Fig. 2 is the specification figure of the interior round foreign side copper pipe of embodiment of the invention production.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Circle foreign side copper pipe processing method comprises the steps: 1 in present embodiment a kind of) with a tough cathode of national Specification, it is raw material fusing under 1150 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, insulation earlier that copper content is not less than 99.99% Cu-CATH-1; Vacuum state when realizing melting through adopting wooden carbon and graphite phosphorus sheet to cover; Adopt copper liquid refining techniques, utilize online degasification device for deoxidizing, charge into inert gas in the copper liquid; Inert gas adopts argon gas or nitrogen; Adopt graphite shaft and rotor as agitating device, argon gas or nitrogen are pressed in the copper liquid and are dispersed as micro-bubble, it is dispersed in the copper liquid; Source of the gas outlet pressure 0.5～1MPa, the 5Nm of flow 0.5～1.
3/ n.Reach could use on the traction unit disengaging type vacuum after degasification, deoxidation, the high-purity effect and draw oxygen-free copper bar, oxygen-free copper bar gets into take-up then; Wherein draw power traction bar speed 500-1500mm/min, oxygen-free copper bar diameter Ф 20 mm～30mm, crystallizer hydraulic pressure 0.2～0.4MPa, 35 ℃～50 ℃ of crystallizer leaving water temperatures, copper content Cu+Ag>=99.99%, O≤5ppm.
2) with sending into after Ф 20 mm in the step 1)～the 30mm oxygen-free copper bar is aligned in the extruding race of the continuously extruded unit of TJL400, circle foreign side copper pipe base was as shown in Figure 1 in present embodiment was produced, and specification is 39.8 * 36.8 * Φ, 22.5 * R3mm.The squeegee roller rotating speed is 4～7r/min; Oxygen-free copper bar is through the compact wheel compacting; Boots seat compaction pressure 30～40MPa is sent into extrusion chamber continuously under function of friction, blank in cavity material blocking block front along circular motion; Through fricting shearing deformed area, jumping-up deformed area, adhesioin zone, right-angle bending crush zone, get into cavity at last and extrude interior round foreign side copper pipe base through mould; Blank extruded velocity: 5～10m/min; The temperature of copper reaches 500 ℃～750 ℃ in extrusion process, and cavity internal pressure reaches 1000～1200MPa; Adopt the vacuum water device for cooling, make blank extrude the back and get into the vacuum tube cooling, dry up, batch to 20 ℃～30 ℃ at high temperature.In whole deformation process, cut off and the contacting of oxygen, avoided oxygen uptake, circle foreign side copper pipe low oxygen content improves electric conductivity in guaranteeing.
3) through the high accuracy stretching-machine to step 2) the interior round foreign side copper pipe base that forms stretches; Its drawing coefficient λ is 1.68, and the finished size after the stretching is 25.4 * 25.4 * Φ, 12.5 * R3mm, and is as shown in Figure 2.
4) the interior round foreign side copper pipe after with the online bright annealing equipment of protective atmosphere step 3) being stretched is annealed 300 ℃ * 6h of annealing process.
5) the interior round foreign side copper pipe after the step 4) annealing is tested, the interior round foreign side copper pipe that is up to the standards is packed.
The interior round foreign side copper pipe technology of present embodiment production has following characteristics: 1. low energy consumption, short flow process; Adopt continuously extruded technology to produce interior round foreign side copper pipe, compare the operation of having omitted the ingot casting heating with traditional production process, reduced energy consumption, shortened production procedure, practice thrift the energy more than 50%.2. production efficiency is high, lumber recovery is high; Adopt continuously extruded technology to produce interior round foreign side copper pipe, can reach serialization production, circle foreign side copper pipe can reach more than 3 tons in every volume, realizes length production.Circle foreign side copper pipe in continuously extruded technology is produced has avoided that every copper pipe all need carry out crop, back-end crop in the traditional processing technology, and the lumber recovery of product reaches more than 90%.3. product quality is excellent, and product gas purity is high, oxygen content is low and conductance is high, and surface quality is excellent.Cu+Ag>=99.97%, O≤5ppm, conductance>=101%IACS.
Claims (8)
1. circle foreign side copper pipe processing method in a kind is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1) with the Cu-CATH-1 prepared using traction unit disengaging type vacuum continuous up-casting oxygen-free copper bar; 2) adopt continuously extruded unit that the oxygen-free copper bar in the step 1) is processed to form interior round foreign side copper pipe base; 3) through the high accuracy stretching-machine to step 2) the interior round foreign side copper pipe base that forms stretches; 4) the interior round foreign side copper pipe after with the online bright annealing equipment of protective atmosphere step 3) being stretched is annealed; 5) the interior round foreign side copper pipe after the step 4) annealing is tested packing.
2. a kind of interior round foreign side as claimed in claim 1 copper pipe processing method, it is characterized in that: Cu-CATH-1 adopts a tough cathode of national Specification in the said step 1), and copper content is not less than 99.99%.
3. circle foreign side copper pipe processing method in according to claim 1 or claim 2 a kind of; It is characterized in that: the Cu-CATH-1 raw material in the said step 1) is fusing under 1150 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, insulation earlier, and vacuum state adopts copper liquid refining techniques down, utilizes online degasification device for deoxidizing; Charge into inert gas in the copper liquid; And utilize agitating device, and reaching could use on the traction unit disengaging type vacuum after degasification, deoxidation, the high-purity effect and draw oxygen-free copper bar, oxygen-free copper bar gets into take-up then; Wherein draw power traction bar speed 500-1500mm/min, oxygen-free copper bar diameter Ф 20 mm～30mm, crystallizer hydraulic pressure 0.2～0.4MPa, 35 ℃～50 ℃ of crystallizer leaving water temperatures, oxygen-free copper bar Cu+Ag>=99.99%, O≤5ppm.
4. a kind of interior round foreign side as claimed in claim 3 copper pipe processing method is characterized in that: the vacuum when said vacuum state is realized melting through adopting wooden carbon and graphite phosphorus sheet to cover.
5. a kind of interior round foreign side as claimed in claim 3 copper pipe processing method; It is characterized in that: said inert gas adopts argon gas or nitrogen; Adopt graphite shaft and rotor as agitating device, argon gas or nitrogen are pressed in the copper liquid and are dispersed as micro-bubble, it is dispersed in the copper liquid; Source of the gas outlet pressure 0.5～1MPa, the 5Nm of flow 0.5～1.
3/ h.
6. a kind of interior round foreign side as claimed in claim 1 copper pipe processing method; It is characterized in that: said step 2) with sending in the extruding race of continuously extruded unit after Ф 20 mm～the 30mm oxygen-free copper bar is aligned; The squeegee roller rotating speed is 4～7r/min, and oxygen-free copper bar is through the compact wheel compacting, boots seat compaction pressure 30～40MPa; Under function of friction, sent into extrusion chamber continuously; Blank,, gets into cavity at last and extrudes interior round foreign side copper pipe base through mould through fricting shearing deformed area, jumping-up deformed area, adhesioin zone, right-angle bending crush zone along circular motion in cavity material blocking block front; Blank extruded velocity: 5～10m/min; The temperature of copper reaches 500 ℃～750 ℃ in extrusion process, and cavity internal pressure reaches 1000～1200MPa; Adopt the vacuum water device for cooling, make blank extrude the back and get into the vacuum tube cooling, dry up, batch to 20 ℃～30 ℃ at high temperature.
7. a kind of interior round foreign side as claimed in claim 1 copper pipe processing method is characterized in that: the drawing coefficient λ of high accuracy stretching-machine in the said step 3): 1.5～1.7.
8. a kind of interior round foreign side as claimed in claim 1 copper pipe processing method, it is characterized in that: annealing temperature is 300 ℃～400 ℃ in the said step 4), annealing time 2～6h.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210038004.XA CN102581060B (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Method for processing copper tube having circular inside and quadrate outside |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210038004.XA CN102581060B (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Method for processing copper tube having circular inside and quadrate outside |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102581060A true CN102581060A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
| CN102581060B CN102581060B (en) | 2014-03-19 |
Family
ID=46470605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210038004.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102581060B (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Method for processing copper tube having circular inside and quadrate outside |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102581060B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102886390A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 徐高磊 | Process for producing ultra-fine copper wire |
| CN104070656A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-10-01 | 宁波名德建材有限公司 | Manufacture method of hot-melt type red copper composite tube |
| CN104668888A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 厦门市海鼎盛科技有限公司 | Integrated tube shell manufacturing method |
| CN105463219A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-06 | 晋源电气集团股份有限公司 | High-performance oxygen-free copper rod and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106269984A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-04 | 河北欧通有色金属制品有限公司 | The manufacture method of square-outside and round-inside copper pipe |
| CN106269985A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-04 | 河北欧通有色金属制品有限公司 | The manufacture method of oval copper pipe in foreign side |
| CN107971363A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-01 | 浙江力博实业股份有限公司 | The continuously extruded method for preparing high-purity high-conductivity copper bar of multi-pass |
| CN108465714A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-31 | 秦皇岛瀚丰长白结晶器有限责任公司 | Crystallizer copper pipe upsetting squeeze one-shot forming technique |
| CN109351802A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-19 | 河北欧通有色金属制品有限公司 | A kind of processing method of heavy wall oxygen-free copper copper pipe |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1103612A (en) * | 1993-12-11 | 1995-06-14 | 山东烟台铜材厂 | Drawing-continuous casting-stretch process for producing oxygen-free copper pipe |
| JPH09253736A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-30 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Bending method for extruded shape |
| CN101028644A (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2007-09-05 | 中铝洛阳铜业有限公司 | Short flow-path production of copper and copper alloy precisive pipe |
| CN101058142A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-24 | 江阴新华宏铜业有限公司 | Method for preparing copper and nickel alloy seamless copper tube |
| CN101619780A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-01-06 | 赵玉 | Technological method for upwardly continuously casting, rolling, drawing and producing copper alloy tubes |
| CN102009078A (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-04-13 | 高玉树 | Technological process for producing brass pipe through upwards continuous casting, continuous rolling and drawing |
| CN201978963U (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-09-21 | 金川集团有限公司 | Horizontal continuous casting-rolling-annealing-stretching equipment for yellow brass alloy condensation pipe |
-
2012
- 2012-02-20 CN CN201210038004.XA patent/CN102581060B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1103612A (en) * | 1993-12-11 | 1995-06-14 | 山东烟台铜材厂 | Drawing-continuous casting-stretch process for producing oxygen-free copper pipe |
| JPH09253736A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-30 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Bending method for extruded shape |
| CN101028644A (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2007-09-05 | 中铝洛阳铜业有限公司 | Short flow-path production of copper and copper alloy precisive pipe |
| CN101058142A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-24 | 江阴新华宏铜业有限公司 | Method for preparing copper and nickel alloy seamless copper tube |
| CN101619780A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-01-06 | 赵玉 | Technological method for upwardly continuously casting, rolling, drawing and producing copper alloy tubes |
| CN102009078A (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-04-13 | 高玉树 | Technological process for producing brass pipe through upwards continuous casting, continuous rolling and drawing |
| CN201978963U (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-09-21 | 金川集团有限公司 | Horizontal continuous casting-rolling-annealing-stretching equipment for yellow brass alloy condensation pipe |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102886390A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 徐高磊 | Process for producing ultra-fine copper wire |
| CN104668888A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 厦门市海鼎盛科技有限公司 | Integrated tube shell manufacturing method |
| CN104070656A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-10-01 | 宁波名德建材有限公司 | Manufacture method of hot-melt type red copper composite tube |
| CN106269984A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-04 | 河北欧通有色金属制品有限公司 | The manufacture method of square-outside and round-inside copper pipe |
| CN106269985A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-04 | 河北欧通有色金属制品有限公司 | The manufacture method of oval copper pipe in foreign side |
| CN105463219A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-06 | 晋源电气集团股份有限公司 | High-performance oxygen-free copper rod and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN107971363A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-01 | 浙江力博实业股份有限公司 | The continuously extruded method for preparing high-purity high-conductivity copper bar of multi-pass |
| CN108465714A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-31 | 秦皇岛瀚丰长白结晶器有限责任公司 | Crystallizer copper pipe upsetting squeeze one-shot forming technique |
| CN109351802A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-19 | 河北欧通有色金属制品有限公司 | A kind of processing method of heavy wall oxygen-free copper copper pipe |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102581060B (en) | 2014-03-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102581060B (en) | Method for processing copper tube having circular inside and quadrate outside | |
| CN101916624B (en) | Production method of conducting copper bars for bus duct with large flakiness ratio | |
| CN102543310A (en) | Process for specially-shaped electrolytic conductive material | |
| CN102886390B (en) | Process for producing ultra-fine copper wire | |
| CN101708510B (en) | Processing technology for processing high-purity high-conductivity oxygen-free copper bar | |
| CN101707084B (en) | Manufacturing method for copper-magnesium alloy stranded wire | |
| CN107185994B (en) | A kind of production technology of copper rod | |
| CN101719527B (en) | Production technique of copper strips for solar modules | |
| CN105603242B (en) | A kind of copper silver magnesium alloy contact wire and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105020565B (en) | A kind of commutator Kufil band and its production technology | |
| CN106311788A (en) | Production process of copper-silver alloy profile | |
| CN102262924A (en) | Large-section oxygen-free copper busbar and preparation method | |
| CN102828130B (en) | Process for producing aluminum alloy conductor | |
| CN102796912B (en) | Preparation method of Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy bar | |
| CN106057354A (en) | Production method of roll-type copper busbar used for electrician | |
| JP2014015640A (en) | Method for producing copper alloy wire | |
| CN105869776B (en) | A kind of production method of electric copper busbar | |
| CN103433321B (en) | Production method of oxygen-free copper pipe for electric vacuum component | |
| CN102350614B (en) | Machining method for seamless copper pipe | |
| CN106216431B (en) | A kind of production technology of D types copper pipe | |
| CN106140863B (en) | A kind of production technology of copper tin alloy contact line | |
| CN101447260B (en) | Method for preparing contact wires and pole blanks | |
| CN106269969B (en) | A kind of production technology of electron tube non-oxygen copper bar | |
| CN106077125B (en) | A kind of production technology of pole coil copper profile | |
| CN103316937A (en) | Apparatus and method for continuously producing CuCrZr alloy conductors |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20140319 Termination date: 20180220 |