CN102579058A - Method for analyzing love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow - Google Patents
Method for analyzing love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102579058A CN102579058A CN2011100090502A CN201110009050A CN102579058A CN 102579058 A CN102579058 A CN 102579058A CN 2011100090502 A CN2011100090502 A CN 2011100090502A CN 201110009050 A CN201110009050 A CN 201110009050A CN 102579058 A CN102579058 A CN 102579058A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- testee
- blood flow
- love
- cerebral blood
- cerebral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for analyzing a love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow. The method comprises the following steps: (a) providing a near infrared cerebral blood flow analyzer and wearing the cerebral blood flow analyzer on the head of a testee; (b) utilizing the near infrared cerebral blood flow analyzer to analyze the active information of the cerebral cortex of the testee before answering questions; (c) utilizing the near infrared cerebral blood flow analyzer to establish the active information of the cerebral cortex of the testee when the testee honestly answering 'Yes' and 'No'; (d) asking the testee at least one love relevant question that the testee can only answer yes or no, and at the same time utilizing the near infrared cerebral blood flow analyzer to collect the active information of the cerebral cortex of the testee; (e) comparing the active information of the cerebral cortex obtained from the step (d) with the active information of the cerebral cortex established in the step (c); and (f) judging the true or false of the answers of the testee to the love relevant questions according to the step (e).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of analyzing the love state, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state.
Background technology
The technology of detecting a lie is the achievement of integrated use psychology (particularly psychology and physiopsychology), criminology, criminalistics, electronics and other related discipline; Measure the human body that causes by emotional distress through the establishment exercise question and change, judge a science and technology of people's mental change.Comprise to the physiological statuss such as breathing, heart beating, blood pressure and muscular tone state of measuring human body and develop the lie detecting method that forms that the more common instrument of detecting a lie roughly comprises the measurement breathing equipment, measures the electric skin response device and measures blood pressure device etc. at present.
Measure the breathing equipment essential record respiratory frequency and the degree of depth; That is breathe in record testee thoracic cavity and the case of motion of fluctuating; When individuality will have emotions such as anxiety, fear, worry because of lying; It is sympathetic, the parasympathetic nervous effect, produces on Repiration that rapid breathing, amplitude slow down, single breath cycle becomes to rise or descends.
Measuring the electric skin response device can be in order to measure individuals for resistance that flow of current produced; It is individual when emotion such as anxiety, fear, worry is arranged in lying; The sympathetic nerve effect will be strengthened; The sweat gland secretion of skin surface increases, and makes through the battery lead plate electric current on two fingers that are connected on testee to increase.
Measuring blood pressure device can be in order to measure individuals blood pressure size and pulse rates; When individuality is felt excited, angry and is faced pressure; Sympathetic nerve plays a role; Nerve impulse will directly act on heart and make and palpitate quickly, and the adrenal gland will be disengaged epinephrine and Norepinephrine this moment, and make increased blood pressure.
It is technological except the application on traditional government's law enforcement, safety, information and criminology to detect a lie at present, also develops to combine to be applied to the common people aspect gradually, for example differentiates emotion state and degree etc.For example, the love a lie detector that has occurred on the market, the centre of the palm humidity of declaring ability read test person is judged in view of the above whether it is lying, and is made relative reaction with palmic rate.
When subject person was used, whether the love a lie detector can be detected the humidity in the testee centre of the palm, and the data that receive are analyzed, tell a lie on emotion to judge the other side.There are several LED lamps the front of love a lie detector as display module, has when unusual if find data cases, and the machine signal that will flash the redlight is lied with the expression tester.In order to punish the liar, induction zone can pass through part electric current, the finger that stimulates the tester.In addition, also have a kind of love ring of detecting a lie, ring watch has been worn one deck high-purity crystal, can respond to the faint variation of body temperature and the delicate energy that sweat gland sends.For example, when excited or angry, ring can present black; Ring can transfer bottle green to when feeling satisfied or substantial; Ring has just become purple and pink when feeling happy with true love, also is used in the emotion state analytically.
Above-mentioned existing love a lie detector is still and is confined to measure human physiological reaction and judges whether two lie.Yet lying is human brain running thinking product down, and lying be directed against the cerebral cortex active state, and design one cover is detected brain and had or not the cortex when lying to enliven the method that situation is detected, and can learn accurately just that testee has or not to lie.And be usually used in detecing in the instrument of side brain state at present; Electroencephalograph only can be used for detecting E.E.G; Angiographic instrument (the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the functional magnetic in highfield shakes; FMRI) though can detect the active state of brain region, the instrument volume is too huge, quite inconvenience in the use.And near infrared light spectral technology (Near Infrared (Reflectance) Spectroscopy; NIRS) then can be by the light of induction head reflection; Measure the mobile change of cerebral cortex inner blood; And not influenced by electromagnetic noise, can reach the spatial resolution of height, yet the lie detecting method that correlation technique is applied to enliven to the cerebral cortex that big cerebral blood flow changes situation is not arranged at present.
Summary of the invention
As previously mentioned, whether existing love is read scheming and is still and is confined to measure human physiological reaction and judges on the love relevant issues and lie.Yet lying is human brain running thinking product down, and lying be directed against the cerebral cortex active state, and design one cover is detected brain and had or not the cortex when lying to enliven the method that situation is detected, and can learn accurately just that testee has or not to lie.
Edge this, a purpose of the present invention promptly provides a kind of method of utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state.
The present invention is a kind of method of utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state for solving the technological means that prior art problems adopted, and its step comprises: a near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser (a) is provided and wears in the head of a testee; (b) utilize this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser that this testee is carried out a brain and detect basically, the cerebral cortex of analyzing before not answering a question enlivens information; (c) utilize this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to set up this testee and enliven information at the cerebral cortex that honesty answer " being " reaches " not being "; (d) utilize this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to collect and put question at least one love relevant issues, and this testee can only be answered " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex and enlivened information this testee; (e) answering " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex with step (d) testee to the love relevant issues enlivens cerebral cortex that information and step (c) set up and enlivens information and compare; (f) according to the comparison result of step (e) judge this testee to these love relevant issues answer true and false; Wherein this cerebral cortex enlivens information system and sets up according to the big cerebral blood flow cortex active regions that detects this testee, and the detection position comprises an affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district and negative acknowledge district.
Via the technological means that the present invention adopted; Can directly be directed against the cerebral cortex active state; The comparison that enlivens information by cerebral cortex exactly learns that testee has or not for the love relevant issues of being putd question to and lies, compare more direct with existing method and accuracy high.In addition; Other existing brain Detecting device of the volume ratio of near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser (for example fMRI or EEG) is more light, size is less; Have easy to carry, use simple advantage; In conjunction with the love state analysis method of these a little characteristics, be applied in following love and read to have development potentiality in the scheming field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes cerebral blood flow to analyze the flow chart of steps of the method for love state for showing the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for showing the brain location drawing that detects affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district and negative acknowledge district.
Fig. 3 carries out the graphical analysis that cerebral blood flow is analyzed for showing with near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser.
Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B, Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B utilize cerebral blood flow to analyze the analysis result of the method for love state for showing the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Consult Fig. 1, utilize cerebral blood flow to analyze the flow chart of steps of the method for love state for showing the present invention.
At first, collect the correct master data of testee and design the love relevant issues (step 101) that to inquire.In this step, mainly comprise and collect the relevant correct master data of testee and design the love relevant issues that to inquire; The relevant correct basic document of testee comprises testee individual physiological data (like age, height, body weight), social condition (like name, sex, marital status) and relevant correct master data with testee, and the love relevant issues that design will be inquired can only let testee answer " being " or " not being " wherein a kind of.
One near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser is provided and wears, and confirm that testee is a relaxation state (step 102) in the head of a testee.This step is prepared before being test, mainly is to let testee loosen mood, and connects near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser, and this partly can measure the heart beating of testee and breathe whether meet normal condition, just can learn that testee has or not to loosen.
Utilize near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser that testee is carried out a brain and detect basically, the cerebral cortex of analyzing before not answering a question enlivens information (step 103).The cerebral cortex here enlivens information and sets up according to its big cerebral blood flow cortex active regions; Detect the position and comprise an affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district and negative acknowledge district, and brain detects the emotion cerebral cortex active degree information that can comprise worry, hostility, overthinking, sulky, nervous, pressure, palpitating speed and muscle abnormal contraction basically.
Utilize near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to set up testee and enliven information (step 104) at the cerebral cortex of honesty answer.This step be to testee put question at least three basic problems and according to this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to the testee analysis, find out testee and answer the cerebral cortex that " being " reach " not being " corresponding to honesty and enliven information.Put question to master data respectively about this testee correct/error; And by this testee answer " being " or " not being ", and cooperate the analysis of near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to enliven information corresponding to the cerebral cortex that honesty answer " being " reaches " not being " to judge testee.The visual demand repeated several times of this step, testee is honest answers the cerebral cortex that " being " reach " not being " and enlivens information up to finding out.
To shown in Figure 3, Fig. 2 is for showing the location drawing that utilizes near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to detect brain affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district and negative acknowledge district like Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 carries out the graphical analysis that cerebral blood flow is analyzed for showing with near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser.For demonstrating the specific brain region of affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledge, as shown in the figure, the A district is the affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district among Fig. 2, and the B district is the negative acknowledge district.Carry out the result that cerebral blood flow is analyzed and demonstrate among Fig. 3 with near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser; Wherein red wave band representes that the Oxygenated blood red pigment measures over time; Blue wave band representes that deoxy-hemoglobin measures over time, and green wave band is represented both integrated value.
Fig. 4 A, 4B, 5A, 5B utilize cerebral blood flow to analyze the analysis result of the method for love state for showing the present invention.For example in Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 B; Demonstrate the result who carries out the cerebral blood flow analysis with near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to the affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district (A district) of testee respectively; For example in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, demonstrating does not respectively have active and active oxygen and the deoxy-hemoglobin variable quantity of containing in the affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district, in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B then be demonstrate respectively in the negative acknowledge district (B district) do not have active and enliven contain oxygen and deoxy-hemoglobin variable quantity.According to these a little information, can supply follow-up comparison testee when answering the answer of " being " (affirmative acknowledgement (ACK)) or " not being " (negative acknowledge), be honestly to answer or lie actually.
Put question to love relevant issues (step 105) to testee.This step is then putd question to the love relevant issues by the operator to testee, and testee can only answer " being " or " not being " one of them.Love relevant issues in this step can comprise following point: problem 1: " you like me? " Problem 2: " you have other lover? " Problem 3: " you want to marry with me? " Problem 4: " you want that child is arranged? "The present invention just lists and enumerates general common love relevant issues, is not limited only to this a little problems, in fact when test, also can design the other problem relevant with love according to different situations.
Answering " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex with testee to the love relevant issues enlivens cerebral cortex that information and step (104) set up and enlivens information compare (step 106).
Judge testee whether lie (step 107) according to comparison result.Promptly set up, comprise among Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 B that the cerebral cortex to the affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district (A district) of testee enlivens information, and the cerebral cortex that in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, is directed against the negative acknowledge district (B district) of testee enlivens information according to previous.According to these a little information, can supply follow-up comparison testee when answering the answer of " being " (affirmative acknowledgement (ACK)) or " not being " (negative acknowledge), be honestly to answer or lie actually.
If comparison result is for conforming to, represent testee do not lie (step 108).Meaning cerebral cortex that testee answers " being " or " not being " to the love relevant issues " conforming to " of this step enlivens information and with the cerebral cortex that step (104) is set up the identical information of enlivening is arranged.
With regard to the testing result of above-mentioned four love relevant issues, problem 1 " you like me? " Answer for " being " just representative really like the other side, do not answer for " not being " just representative really do not like the other side; Problem 2 " you have other lover? " Answer for " being " just representative other lover is really arranged, do not answer for " not being " just representative really do not have other lover; Problem 3 " you want to marry with me? " Answer for " being " just representative really want to marry with the other side, do not answer just to represent and really do not want to marry with the other side for " not being "; Problem 4: " you want that child is arranged? " Answer for " being " just representative really want to have child, do not answer for " not being " just representative really do not want to have child.
Relatively, if comparison result is not for conforming to, then represent testee lie (step 109).Meaning cerebral cortex that testee answers " being " or " not being " to the love relevant issues " not conforming to " of this step enlivens information and does not have the identical information of enlivening with the cerebral cortex that step (104) is set up.On behalf of testee, this result lie, and doubt is arranged and be unworthy trust for love.
Can know by above embodiment; The narration that utilizes cerebral blood flow to analyze the method for love state provided by the present invention is merely preferred embodiment explanation of the present invention; Every those skilled in the art can do other various improvement according to above-mentioned explanation, and all these changes still belong in principle of the present invention and the following claim that defines.
Claims (16)
1. method of utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state is characterized in that its step comprises:
(a) a near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser and wearing in the head of a testee is provided;
(b) utilize this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser that this testee is carried out a brain and detect basically, the cerebral cortex of analyzing before not answering a question enlivens information;
(c) utilize this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to set up this testee and enliven information at the cerebral cortex that honesty answer " being " reaches " not being "; Wherein this cerebral cortex enlivens information and is set up by the big cerebral blood flow cortex active regions that detects testee, and its detection position comprises an affirmative acknowledgement (ACK) district and negative acknowledge district;
(d) utilize this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to collect and put question at least one love relevant issues, and this testee can only be answered " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex and enlivened information this testee;
(e) answering " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex with step (d) testee to the love relevant issues enlivens cerebral cortex that information and step (c) set up and enlivens information and compare;
(f) according to the comparison result of step (e) judge this testee to these love relevant issues answer true and false.
2. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises that in step (a) step is for collecting the correct master data of this testee and designing this love relevant issues described before.
3. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; In the step of the correct basic document of this testee of described collection, its correct master data comprises following data: (1) testee individual physiological data (like age, height, body weight), (2) social condition data (like name, sex, marital status) and (3) and relevant correct master data of testee etc.
4. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; In the step of these love relevant issues of described design, design make the answer of these love relevant issues can only let testee answer " being " or " not being " one of them.
5. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, more comprises before that in described step (a) one confirms that this testee is the step of relaxation state.
6. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, this testee of described affirmation is that the step of loosening is the heart beating of this testee of process measurement and breathes to confirm that this testee is a relaxation state.
7. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that, the brain of described step (b) detect basically comprise collect this testee and whether have that family is sudden and violent, the emotion cerebral cortex active degree information of palpitating speed and muscle abnormal contraction.
8. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described step (c) is at least three basic problems of testee enquirement and according to this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser this testee to be analyzed, and finds out this testee and enlivens information corresponding to the cerebral cortex that honesty answer " being " reaches " not being ".
9. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that; Described step (c) is to put question to about the correct master data of this testee; And by this testee answer " being ", and cooperate the analysis of this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to enliven information to judge the cerebral cortex that this testee is answered " being " corresponding to honesty.
10. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that; Described step (c) is to put question to the master data about this testee mistake; And by this testee answer " not being ", and cooperate the analysis of this near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser to enliven information to judge the cerebral cortex that this testee is answered " not being " corresponding to honesty.
11. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described step (d) is to repeat to put question at least three these love relevant issues to testee, and the cerebral cortex that reaches " not being " according to this this testee answer " being " of near infrared ray cerebral blood flow analyser collection enlivens information.
12. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, on behalf of testee, comparison when cerebral cortex enlivens information and conforms to as a result in the described step (f) answer to very for these love relevant issues.
13. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 12; It is characterized in that; Described step (f) comparison result cerebral cortex enlivens information and conforms to, and means step (d) testee and answers " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex to the love relevant issues and enliven information and with the cerebral cortex that step (c) is set up the identical information of enlivening is arranged.
14. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, on behalf of testee, comparison answer for these love relevant issues and be vacation when cerebral cortex enlivens information and do not conform to as a result in the described step (f).
15. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 14; It is characterized in that; Described step (f) comparison result cerebral cortex enlivens information and does not conform to, and means step (d) testee and answers " being " or " not being " one of them cerebral cortex to this love relevant issues and enliven information and do not have the identical information of enlivening with the cerebral cortex that step (c) is set up.
16. the method for utilizing cerebral blood flow to analyze the love state as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that the love relevant issues of described step (d) comprise following point: " you like me? ", " you have other lover? ", " you want to marry with me? " And " you want that child is arranged? "
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100090502A CN102579058A (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2011-01-17 | Method for analyzing love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100090502A CN102579058A (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2011-01-17 | Method for analyzing love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102579058A true CN102579058A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
Family
ID=46468703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100090502A Pending CN102579058A (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2011-01-17 | Method for analyzing love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102579058A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104000608A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-27 | 李起武 | Toy lie detector |
| CN104000603A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-27 | 李起武 | Toy lie detector |
| CN111134694A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-12 | 浙江连信科技有限公司 | Psychological consultation analysis method and device based on human-computer interaction |
| CN111657887A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-15 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | Near-infrared shallow subcutaneous tissue imaging device and cognitive load analysis method |
-
2011
- 2011-01-17 CN CN2011100090502A patent/CN102579058A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104000608A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-27 | 李起武 | Toy lie detector |
| CN104000603A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-27 | 李起武 | Toy lie detector |
| CN111134694A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-12 | 浙江连信科技有限公司 | Psychological consultation analysis method and device based on human-computer interaction |
| CN111657887A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-15 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | Near-infrared shallow subcutaneous tissue imaging device and cognitive load analysis method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102058400B (en) | Method and device for quickly detecting human body basic vital sign data | |
| US9171131B2 (en) | Device and methods for mobile monitoring and assessment of clinical function through sensors and interactive patient responses | |
| US8761866B2 (en) | Examination and imaging of brain cognitive functions | |
| US20190159675A1 (en) | Point-of-care tele monitoring device for neurological disorders and neurovascular diseases and system and method thereof | |
| US20040082862A1 (en) | Examination and imaging of brain cognitive functions | |
| EP2371286A1 (en) | Organism fatigue evaluation device and organism fatigue evaluation method | |
| KR20190059376A (en) | Brain cognitive function evaluation platform and method using drain wave analysis | |
| Nath et al. | Smart wristband-based stress detection framework for older adults with cortisol as stress biomarker | |
| US20070249914A1 (en) | System and method for identification of false statements | |
| CN105592788A (en) | Form factors for the multi-modal physiological assessment of brain health | |
| KR20180001367A (en) | Apparatus and Method for detecting state of driver based on biometric signals of driver | |
| Gunawardhane et al. | Non invasive human stress detection using key stroke dynamics and pattern variations | |
| JP2019523027A (en) | Apparatus and method for recording and analysis of memory and function decline | |
| CN111093483A (en) | Wearable device, system and method based on internet of things for measuring meditation and minds | |
| JP2023520573A (en) | EEG recording and analysis | |
| KR102197102B1 (en) | Diet mental care system | |
| CN102579058A (en) | Method for analyzing love state by utilizing cerebral blood flow | |
| Mariakakis et al. | Challenges in realizing smartphone-based health sensing | |
| RU2712078C2 (en) | Non-invasive biofluid detector and portable sensor transceiving system | |
| Bu | Stress evaluation index based on Poincaré plot for wearable health devices | |
| Kim et al. | Electrogastrogram: Demonstrating feasibility in mental stress assessment using sensor fusion | |
| CN102406506A (en) | Method for detecting lie by using cerebral blood flow analysis | |
| Yiu et al. | Fatigue-Related change in surface electromyographic activities of the perilaryngeal muscles | |
| CN113855012B (en) | Near infrared spectrum imaging system and application thereof | |
| CN202288267U (en) | A human body physiology parameter rapid detection apparatus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20120718 |