CN102575528A - Steam turbine - Google Patents

Steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102575528A
CN102575528A CN2010800467663A CN201080046766A CN102575528A CN 102575528 A CN102575528 A CN 102575528A CN 2010800467663 A CN2010800467663 A CN 2010800467663A CN 201080046766 A CN201080046766 A CN 201080046766A CN 102575528 A CN102575528 A CN 102575528A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electron beam
steam turbine
chamber
steam
turbine
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN2010800467663A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN102575528B (en
Inventor
T.哈默
N.瑟肯
N.温泽尔
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of CN102575528A publication Critical patent/CN102575528A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102575528B publication Critical patent/CN102575528B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/16Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/01Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/17Purpose of the control system to control boundary layer
    • F05D2270/172Purpose of the control system to control boundary layer by a plasma generator, e.g. control of ignition

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam turbine (2) having an electron beam apparatus (4) mounted on the steam turbine (2), serving to introduce an electron beam (6) into a steam chamber (8) of the steam turbine (2). The invention is characterized in that an opening in a turbine wall (14) is provided in a connection region (10) of the electron beam apparatus (4) to the steam turbine (2), through which the electron beam (6) enters the steam chamber (8) of the steam turbine (2), wherein the electron beam apparatus (4) comprises at least two chambers through which the electron beam (6) transits, and that the at least two chambers (16, 18) comprise a different pressure level.

Description

Steam turbine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly, comprise an electron beam device that is installed on the steam turbine by claim 1 steam turbine as described in the preamble.
Background technique
The general beginning that postpones of condensing of steam in low-pressure turbine.This means that condensation especially begins during apparently higher than the saturated vapor pressure for the existing temperature in the place of condensing at vapor pressure.Therefore there is the overcooled steam of supersaturation.Because steam postpones to condense, cause thermokinetics loss in the steam turbine, so-called relaxation loss.
In addition, because forming bigger drop, supersaturated steam also causes loss.Based on inertia, big drop can not be followed vapor stream well.These lost motion cause the internal friction loss (dragging loss) in two phase flow, and big droplet impact is on atwirl blade.These losses are also referred to as brake loss.
Cause erosion in addition, this comes from and on turbine blade, forms moisture film (droplet impact that forms at the turbine blade upper reaches of observing), and moisture film is the source of the very big drop of deposit very initiatively under normal circumstances, and these drops are only quickened by steam deficiently.Therefore this have the drop of high relative velocity to impact on follow-up turbine blade (droplets impact its) with disadvantageous angle.Cause chemistry and mechanical erosion there.
For getting rid of said problem, in DE102005046721B3, advise, electron beam is introduced in the steam path of steam turbine.Electron beam guarantees the even ionization of steam and thereby impels and be condensed into the most tiny drop (it is opposite to form big drop when being condensed by saturated vapour).This improves the efficient of low-pressure turbine and prevents the drop erosion.High with electron beam ionization efficiency.For being about through steam turbine, the energy that produces electron beam consumption raises the efficiency 1% of possible energy gain.But, need free of losses as far as possible and meanwhile few maintenance ground that electron beam is coupled in the steam turbine in order to utilize this advantage.Through what in DE102005046721B3, advise electron beam is introduced in the steam turbine, though showed the steam ionization method that a kind of efficiency is high, the problem that electron beam is coupled in the steam turbine also is worth improving.Under normal operating conditions (for example the air of atmospheric pressure is as medium, and the electron beam outlet window contacts with it, and electron energy rises abruptly from the 150k ev), the serviceability of window is being not enough to continuous operation in some cases above 3000 hours.With situation that water vapour contacts under should be taken into account corrosion, it further shortens the working life of electron beam outlet window.If should on usually by a window that typically only 10 μ m titanium films are formed, carry out condensing of water, then water can the explosion type vaporization when interacting with electron beam.Consequently cause window to destroy immediately.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, the connection of electron beam device on the steam turbine vapor chamber is designed to, and compared with prior art can prolong the working life of electron beam device.
Above-mentioned technical problem is able to solve through a kind of steam turbine with Patent right requirement 1 characteristic, and said steam turbine has the electron beam device that is installed on the steam turbine.
The present invention presses the steam turbine of Patent right requirement said 1, has the electron beam device that is installed on the steam turbine, and it is used for electron beam is added in the vapor chamber of steam turbine.This steam turbine is characterised in that, in the connection area of electron beam device on steam turbine, and drilling on the turbine wall, electron beam can get in steam path through its.Wherein, electron beam device has at least two chambers, and electron beam extends through them, and said at least two chambers have different stress levels.
Term apertures is interpreted as that here steam molecule can get into first chamber of electron beam device through this hole.Therefore, described hole is not through closed window, and for example through film, steam tight ground seals.The electron beam window that does not also have complete closed thus as preface has been mentioned, can have the danger that is destroyed by the steam particle.In addition, then a Chinese pump system that comprises at least two chambers in electron beam device, wherein each chamber has the different stress levels towards the reduction of electron beam generator direction.Guarantee in the zone of electron beam generator, to have the vacuum necessary degree thus, be generally condition of high vacuum degree in order to produce electron beam.
By a kind of favourable design form of the present invention, first chamber of electron beam device has a connecting tube that leads to the steam turbine outlet area.This and the effect that is similar to water jet pump being connected of low-pressure turbine low pressure area, the vapor pressure in first chamber has been reduced to a pump for downstream and has set up more that condition of high vacuum degree is favourable value thus.
By the another kind of favourable design form of the present invention, second chamber of electron beam device is connected with multistage steam jet vacuum pump.By favourable design form, the steam jet vacuum pump can obtain steam supply pipe from the steam turbine steam path again.In addition, multistage steam jet vacuum pump has the cooling water inlet pipe from the steam turbine chilled(cooling) water return (CWR).
These measures can be called the steam jet vacuum pump in low-pressure turbine steam supply device, or a kind of integrated combination in its chilled(cooling) water return (CWR).
Except preliminary vacuum chamber (first and second chambers of having explained), can establish the 3rd chamber of electron beam device, on the 3rd chamber, high vacuum pump is set.
In order to reach condition of high vacuum degree better; By the another kind of design of the present invention; Can establish the electronics outlet window of sealing; But it is not as introducing in the existing technology, to be in the wall that faces the steam turbine vapor chamber, but is arranged between first chamber and second chamber of electron beam device, or between second chamber and the 3rd chamber of electron beam device.Behind first chamber of electron beam device, the degree of vacuum that exists there can be enough low, makes the destruction of window not have possibility and thereby prolonged working life of electron beam device equally.Through the window of design like this, in follow-up chamber, be more prone to further cause vacuum.
In addition can be appropriate be, get into the electron beam of vapor chamber with respect to the angle of turbine rotor axis less than 90 °.Also can reduce steam gets into electron beam device through described hole first chamber in this way.Reduce the steam in first chamber of electron beam device in addition, also can in electron beam device, turn to reach through electron beam.
Description of drawings
Specify other favourable designs of the present invention and other characteristics by accompanying drawing below., same title is arranged but the characteristic of different designs form here, always adopt identical reference character.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 representes to cut the cross section that illustrates open through low-pressure turbine and electron beam device;
Fig. 2 representes electron beam device and the enlarged view that gets into the electron beam in the steam turbine steam path;
Fig. 3 representes electron beam device and the another kind of design form that gets into the electron beam in the steam turbine steam path;
Fig. 4 schematically shows the power plant's structure that comprises high pressure turbine and low-pressure turbine and the steam generation that utilizes power plant produces vacuum in electron beam device; The electron beam device in Fig. 5 presentation graphs 4 and the partial enlarged drawing of low-pressure turbine; And
Fig. 6 schematically shows the steam jet vacuum pump, especially representes low-pressure turbine.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 representes the cross section through the low-pressure turbine 2 that comprises rotor 3, wherein, turbine blade 9 is installed on rotor 3.It is the vapor chamber 8 on boundary that steam turbine 2 has with turbine wall 14.The steam of representing with steam path 28 signal shapes flows through vapor chamber 8.Electron beam device 4 is installed on turbine wall 14, and wherein, in the connection area 10 of electron beam device 4 on steam turbine 2, drilling 12 on turbine wall 14, and electron beam 6 gets into vapor chamber 8 through it.
Electron beam device 4 is installed on the position of steam turbine 2, in this position vapor chamber 8, has the vapor pressure between about 800hPa and the 1200hPa.Appropriately under this vapor pressure be, as specifying, with the ionization of steam particle do, make on the particle that condenses in ionization of water vapour and take place that the form of condensing in this case with droplet occurs through electron beam 6.Avoid taking place the sort of big droplet growth through electron beam 6 ionization like generation when condensing by supersaturated steam.Through being the most tiny drop with water recovery worthily, make so-called thermokinetics relaxation loss drop to minimum level.In addition, preface explained owing to big drop gets into the turbine blade brake loss that causes from disadvantageous direction, drop to minimum level equally.The 3rd, can cause alleviating the erosion problem that causes through so-called droplet impact on the turbine blade.
For electron beam 6 need not introduced in steam turbine 2 vapor chamber 8 as far as possible with safeguarding, drilling 12 on the wall 14 of steam turbine 2, the hole is in the connection area 10 of electron beam device 4 on steam turbine 2 (Fig. 2).Said hole 12 is designed to the form (width in hole is preferably between 0.1mm and 3mm) of slot-shaped optical gate, and here, the electronics eyeglass of electron beam 6 through being made up of electromagnetic lens 52 launches in the plane along 12 slits, hole at one longitudinally.Through the fanning of electron beam 6, promote the ionization of steam particle in an advantageous manner.Hole 12 is characterised in that, different with design in the prior art, and it is covered by the window of a protective film or another sealing.Hole 12 is designed to, and makes the steam particle can get into first chamber 16 of electron beam device 4 from vapor chamber 8.This first chamber 16 is provided with connecting tube 20, and it is 2 outlet area 22 (referring to Fig. 1) from chamber 16 1 through to steam turbine.Press the principle of water jet pump,, in chamber 1, cause negative pressure through the negative pressure between 30hPa and 50hPa that in steam turbine 2 outlet areas 22, exist and big.Therefore, this pressure in chamber 1 also is approximately 30hPa to 50hPa.Thereby there is so-called big degree of vacuum.
Press the structure of the electron beam device 4 of Fig. 2, with being an optical gate 50 after first chamber 16, it leads to second chamber 18, wherein has preferably the condition of high vacuum degree less than 1hPa.By a kind of preferred design form, second chamber 18 is connected with multistage steam jet vacuum pump.The multistage steam jet vacuum pump can advantageously be combined in the chilled(cooling) water return (CWR) of steam turbine 2 condensers.This combination illustrates in greater detail referring to Fig. 4.
Now, in the electron beam device 4 by Fig. 2, also add another the 3rd chamber 34, it is connected with high vacuum pump 36 again.High vacuum pump 36 can or revolving valve formula vacuum pump, or turbomolecular pump.In this zone, cause condition of high vacuum degree (10 -3HPa to 10 -7HPa).Chamber 34 is connected with electron beam generator 43 again, therein through negative electrode 46 with through electromagnetic lens 52, towards the direction generation electron beam 6 of anode 48.Electron beam 6 further gets into vapor chamber 8 through a plurality of electromagnetic lenses 52 and optical gate 50.Press the design of Fig. 2, the window that electron beam must pass through the sealing of its extension is set on the neither one optical gate 50.Therefore relate to a kind of Chinese pump system, wherein have more and more littler pressure from a vacuum chamber to the next one.Through suction in first chamber 16; Compare with the pressure between the 1200hPa at 800hPa with vapor chamber; Pressure is reduced to (about 30hPa and 50hPa) for those and the pump that other follow-up chambers 18 are connected with 34, need not to reintroduce special precondition.In addition, multistage steam jet vacuum pump 24 (Fig. 4) is worked under the situation of motion parts need not equally, thereby even needn't worry also that here pump oil is polluted by water droplet.
Cancellation second chamber 18 in the another kind of design form of the present invention who presses Fig. 3; Because in first chamber 16, there has been so low pressure, so that at first chamber 16 and directly be placed on the optical gate 50 between the electron beam generator 43 on first chamber and can settle a window 49.In the present embodiment, electron beam generator 43 is equivalent to have and compares the second different chamber of stress level with first chamber 16.When having the pressure of about 30hPa in first chamber 16 in the present embodiment, the window 49 ruined probability that especially are designed to the titanium form of film are very low.The zone of electron beam generator 43 directly with among Fig. 3 does not have the high vacuum pump of expression in detail to be connected.Therefore the space of generation electron beam and the vapor chamber 8 of steam turbine 2 are isolated fully in electron beam generator 43.
Considered is combined in the vacuum equipment of first chamber 16 and second chamber 18 in the chilled(cooling) water return (CWR) of steam turbine 2 condensers 57 (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) in addition.Fig. 4 schematically shows power plant 53, and it especially has high pressure turbine 54 and low-pressure turbine 2.These two turbines 54 and generator 59 of 2 driven in common.Power plant 53 by Fig. 4 also comprises feed tank 55, low-pressure water preheater 56, condenser 57, condenser pump 58 and the generator of having mentioned 59 in addition.Be provided with cooling water supply pipe 60 in addition from condenser 57 to multistage steam jet vacuum pump 24.Steam jet vacuum pump 24 is through steam supply pipe 61 supply steam.
In by the example of Fig. 4 and in enlarged view, only schematically show by Fig. 5 and in Fig. 6 the detailed steam jet vacuum pump 24 of expression, a plurality of containers (condenser 63) are arranged in a plurality of classifications, carry out condensation therein.It has a suction joint 64 from the chamber 18 sucking-off molecules that will aspirate, and this suction joint 64 is connected with steam supply pipe 61.From steam condensation in condenser 63 of chamber 18, and condensed water is in condensed water discharge pipe 62 enters the condenser 57 of power plant in a plurality of classifications.In addition, in order in steam jet vacuum pump 24, to realize condensation, carry out the cooling of each condenser 63 in the pump 24 through cooling water supply pipe 60.
The vaccum-pumping equipment of first chamber 16 not only; It utilizes pressure ratios different in the steam turbine 2 through negative pressure pipe (connecting tube 20); And steam jet vacuum pump 24, it is combined in steam turbine 2 chilled(cooling) water return (CWR)s, all utilizes the pressure of steam turbine 2 existence and the fondational structure of cooling water.Therefore, for first chamber 16 and second chamber 18 vacuumize, needn't other equipment be set for these fondational structures.Therefore the differential vacuum pump system of multistage of electron beam device 4 is employed already present fondational structure in the scope of power plant, and thereby complete combination in this scope.Energy consumption and maintenance cost with electron beam device 4 pumping systems drops to floor level thus.Therefore at least until the zone of second chamber 18, but employ do not have motion parts and thereby on maintenance technology the pump of easy operating.
In addition also can be appropriate be, electron beam device is arranged as, make the electron beam 6 of entering be not orthogonal to the spin axis of rotor 3, that is the angle between spin axis and the electron beam is less than 90 °.Take this measure to make steam molecule more be difficult to get in first chamber 16, thereby in first chamber 16, cause negative pressure or vacuum more easily through hole 12.Another measure that obtains effect same is that electron beam and ray tracing one or many thereof turn to.Can use the different metallic plate of arranging by appropriate angle for this reason.The metal that is suitable for like gold, silver, copper or aluminium, have electron beam to reflect accordingly for the angle of stipulating, thereby they can be used as the reflector and the tumbler of electron beam.

Claims (10)

1. a steam turbine (2) comprises electron beam device (4), and it is used for electron beam (6) is added in the vapor chamber (8) of steam turbine (2); It is characterized by: in the connection area (10) of electron beam device (4) on steam turbine (2), go up drilling (12) at turbine wall (14), electron beam (6) can add in the vapor chamber (8) through said hole; Wherein, Electron beam device (4) has at least two chambers, and electron beam (6) extends through them, and these two chambers (16,18) have different stress levels.
2. according to the described steam turbine of claim 1, it is characterized by, first chamber (16) of electron beam device (4) has the connecting tube (20) that leads to steam turbine (2) outlet area (22).
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described steam turbine, it is characterized by, on second chamber (1) of electron beam device (4), steam jet vacuum pump (24) is set.
4. according to the described steam turbine of claim 3, it is characterized by, steam jet vacuum pump (24) obtains steam supply pipe (61) from steam turbine (2) steam path (28).
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described steam turbine, it is characterized by, multistage steam jet vacuum pump (24) obtains cooling water supply pipe (30) from steam turbine (2) chilled(cooling) water return (CWR) (32).
6. according to the described steam turbine of one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized by, on the 3rd chamber (34) of electron beam device (4), high vacuum pump (36) is set.
7. according to one of all claims in prostatitis described steam turbine, it is characterized by, between first chamber (16) and second chamber (18), or between second chamber (18) and the 3rd chamber (34), establish the electronics outlet window (38) of sealing.
8. according to one of all claims in prostatitis described steam turbine, it is characterized by, in the electron beam (6) that gets into vapor chamber (8) and the angle (40) between steam turbine (2) rotor axis (42) less than 90 °.
9. according to one of all claims in prostatitis described steam turbine, it is characterized by, the electron beam (6) in electron beam device (4) changes moving direction through the steering gear (44) one or many.
10. according to the described steam turbine of claim 9, it is characterized by, it especially is the form of the metallic mirror (45) of base with gold, silver, copper or aluminium that the steering gear (44) is designed to.
CN201080046766.3A 2009-08-17 2010-08-16 Steam turbine Expired - Fee Related CN102575528B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910037689 DE102009037689B4 (en) 2009-08-17 2009-08-17 steam turbine
DE102009037689.5 2009-08-17
PCT/EP2010/061873 WO2011020805A1 (en) 2009-08-17 2010-08-16 Steam turbine

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CN102575528A true CN102575528A (en) 2012-07-11
CN102575528B CN102575528B (en) 2015-04-08

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CN201080046766.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102575528B (en) 2009-08-17 2010-08-16 Steam turbine

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EP (1) EP2467582B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102575528B (en)
DE (1) DE102009037689B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2011020805A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1864352A (en) * 1930-01-02 1932-06-21 Gen Electric Means for avoiding damage through moisture in the low pressure part of steam turbines
US5231832A (en) * 1992-07-15 1993-08-03 Institute Of Gas Technology High efficiency expansion turbines
WO1997026443A1 (en) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-24 Oleh Weres Improved steam condensation in steam turbine
WO2000071857A1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Tarelin Anatoly O Method and apparatus for increasing power generated by a steam turbine by controlling the electric charge in steam exiting the steam turbine
US20050207880A1 (en) * 2003-01-14 2005-09-22 Tarelin Anatoly O Electrostatic method and device to increase power output and decrease erosion in steam turbines
DE102005046721B3 (en) * 2005-09-29 2006-10-26 Siemens Ag Method to control condensation of liquids in steam turbine and associated turbine whereby ionization of steam is carried out before or during condensation using electron beams

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2732961B2 (en) * 1991-07-18 1998-03-30 株式会社日立製作所 Charged particle beam equipment

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1864352A (en) * 1930-01-02 1932-06-21 Gen Electric Means for avoiding damage through moisture in the low pressure part of steam turbines
US5231832A (en) * 1992-07-15 1993-08-03 Institute Of Gas Technology High efficiency expansion turbines
WO1997026443A1 (en) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-24 Oleh Weres Improved steam condensation in steam turbine
WO2000071857A1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Tarelin Anatoly O Method and apparatus for increasing power generated by a steam turbine by controlling the electric charge in steam exiting the steam turbine
US20050207880A1 (en) * 2003-01-14 2005-09-22 Tarelin Anatoly O Electrostatic method and device to increase power output and decrease erosion in steam turbines
DE102005046721B3 (en) * 2005-09-29 2006-10-26 Siemens Ag Method to control condensation of liquids in steam turbine and associated turbine whereby ionization of steam is carried out before or during condensation using electron beams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009037689A1 (en) 2011-03-03
DE102009037689B4 (en) 2015-04-30
CN102575528B (en) 2015-04-08
EP2467582A1 (en) 2012-06-27
WO2011020805A1 (en) 2011-02-24
EP2467582B1 (en) 2013-11-13
DE102009037689A8 (en) 2011-06-01

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