CN102573101A - Random access method and apparatus of user equipment in LTE (Long Term Evolution) system - Google Patents
Random access method and apparatus of user equipment in LTE (Long Term Evolution) system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a random access apparatus of user equipment in an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system, which comprises a parameter manager applied to receiving configuration data of parameters in a process of random access of the user equipment by a base station and configuring a terminal by utilizing the configuration data; a leading sender applied to resource selection of a random access channel and leading selection and sending the random access information selected to the base station through a physical layer; a random access response processor applied to parsing a random access response message received by the base station and judging whether a random access response is successful or not; a competition resolution processor applied to parsing a competition resolution message received by the base station and judging whether a random access competition resolution is successful or not according to the content of the message; and a state manager applied to managing the user equipment in different states in the process of random access and triggering the parameter manager, the leading sender, the random access response processor and the competition resolution processor, so as to carry out corresponding processes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wide-band mobile communication technical field, relate in particular to the method and apparatus that a kind of LTE system customer equipment inserts at random.
Background technology
LTE (Long Term Evolution) system is the Long Term Evolution plan of 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) (3G); The 3GPP of International Standards Organization will have started the R&D work of LTE project in the end of the year 2004; At present; Its standards system has reached the stage of comparative maturity, and 3GPP organizes the technological motion of having freezed the LTE first version in December, 2008, and has openly issued the technical standard of LTE front page in March, 2009.
The LTE target is to make up High Data Rate, low time delay and based on the wireless access system of full grouping.One of main performance index of LTE project is to reduce system delay, and the inner unidirectional transmission time delay of user plane is lower than 5ms, and control plane is lower than 50ms from sleep state to the state of activation transit time, and the transit time from the resident state to the state of activation is less than 100ms.
Insert one of major function as the LTE system customer equipment at random, turn-on time, length had material impact to system's access delay at random.Clearly defined function and processing procedure that subscriber equipment inserts at random in the LTE standard, do not adopted which kind of method to realize subscriber equipment access function at random but define in the standard.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method and apparatus that a kind of LTE system customer equipment inserts at random, realize processing the subscriber equipment random access procedure.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the method that subscriber equipment inserts at random in a kind of LTE system is provided, the said type that inserts at random comprises that competition inserts at random and non-competingly inserts at random that this method comprises:
Step 3, if in first stipulated time successful receiving random access response,
If this random access procedure inserts for competition at random, send random accessing message, change step 5 over to;
If this random access procedure is non-competing access at random, then this subscriber equipment inserts success at random;
Step 4, if in first stipulated time not successful receiving random access response, surpass predetermined threshold if repeat to send the number of times of lead code, wait for the scheduled time, change step 2 over to; Surpass predetermined threshold if repeat to send the number of times of lead code, then this subscriber equipment access failure at random;
Step 5, if in second stipulated time, compete and solve successfully, then this subscriber equipment inserts success at random; With
Step 6, if competition solves failure in second stipulated time,
If the number of times that repeats to send lead code is waited for the scheduled time above predetermined threshold, change step 2 over to;
Surpass predetermined threshold if repeat to send the number of times of lead code, then this subscriber equipment access failure at random.
Optional, said random access parameter comprises the size of Physical Random Access Channel configuration index, random access guiding number and random access guiding group A.
Optional, the initialization random access parameter comprises in the said step 1:
Step S1A-1), judge whether to exist random access guiding index and Physical Random Access Channel mask index; If exist, being provided with at random, access style is non-competing access at random; Otherwise being provided with at random, access style inserts for competition at random;
Step S1A-2), configuration random access procedure relevant parameter.
Optional, leading selection comprises in the said step 1:
Step S1B-1), judge access style at random, if non-competingly insert at random, then random access guiding index and Physical Random Access Channel mask index are set according to designated value, change step S1B-4 over to; If competition inserts at random, change step S1B-2 over to);
Step S1B-2), judge whether to send random accessing message, if then select identical with last time leading group, otherwise according to one leading group of canned data selection in the parameter management device;
Step S1B-3), one of picked at random is leading from selected leading group, and Physical Random Access Channel mask index value is set is 0;
Step S1B-4), select RACH can use subframe according to Physical Random Access Channel configuration index and Physical Random Access Channel mask index;
Step S1B-5), if Physical Random Access Channel mask index is 0, and for competition inserts at random, selection random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end in selected subframe and 2 sub-frame thereafter then;
Step S1B-6), if Physical Random Access Channel mask index is 0, and be non-competingly to insert at random, then in selected subframe, select random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end;
Step S1B-7), if Physical Random Access Channel mask index is not 0, then select random access channel resource and send random access guiding according to Physical Random Access Channel mask index value, finish.
Optional, in said step 3～5, judge whether accidental access response receives successfully to comprise:
After receiving accidental access response, preserve the backoff value of indicating in the accidental access response; Said backoff value is the scheduled time of said wait;
Judge whether comprise the leading value identical in the accidental access response message with leading transmitter, if, then accidental access response success, otherwise failure.
Optional, in said step 6～7, judge whether the competition solution successfully comprises:
Initiate former because initially insert or connection re-establishment if insert at random, if the competition that receives solves message and said random accessing message coupling, then access interference solves successfully at random; Otherwise access interference solves failure at random;
Initiate former because switch or uplink and downlink out-of-step if insert at random, if receive the message of mating with this user equipment identifiers, then access interference solves successfully at random; Otherwise access interference solves failure at random.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, the device that subscriber equipment inserts at random in a kind of LTE system is provided, comprises:
The parameter management device is suitable for receiving the configuration data of base station to subscriber equipment random access procedure parameter, and utilizes these configuration datas that the terminal is configured operation;
Leading transmitter is suitable for carrying out that random access channel resource is selected, leading selection, and the random access information of said selection is submitted to the physical layer at terminal, sends to the base station through physical layer;
The accidental access response processor is suitable for resolving the accidental access response message that receives from the base station, and judges according to message content whether accidental access response is successful;
Compete solving processor, be suitable for resolving the competition that receives from the base station and solve message, and judge according to message content whether successful access contention solves at random; With
State supervisor is suitable for different conditions in the subscriber equipment random access procedure is managed, and triggers described parameter management device, leading transmitter, accidental access response processor and competition solution processor and carry out corresponding processing procedure.
Optional, the state of said condition managing management comprises:
State 0: idle condition, this moment, subscriber equipment need not carry out random access procedure;
State 1: insert SBR at random, this state trigger parameter manager and leading transmitter are carried out random access resource and are selected and leading process of transmitting;
State 2: the accidental access response wait state, this state triggers the accidental access response processor and carries out the processing to accidental access response;
State 3: competition solution wait state, this state trigger competition solution processor and carry out the processing of access contention solution at random;
State 4: keep out of the way state, get into this state at random behind the access failure, wait for random access procedure next time after keeping out of the way certain hour.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: for the subscriber equipment in the LTE agreement at random access function a kind of concrete implementation is provided.Through the co-operation between each device in the system, accomplished the subscriber equipment realization of access function at random, for the correct operation efficiently of LTE system terminal equipment provides necessary assurance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is subscriber equipment accidental access device structure chart in the LTE system that provides in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the state transition diagram of subscriber equipment random access procedure in the LTE system that provides in the one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is in the one embodiment of the invention, the initial work flow chart of parameter management device;
Fig. 4 is in the one embodiment of the invention, the workflow diagram of random access guiding selector;
Fig. 5 is in the one embodiment of the invention, the workflow diagram of accidental access response processor;
Fig. 6 is in the one embodiment of the invention, and competition solves the workflow diagram of processor.
Embodiment
In order to make the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
In the LTE system, inserting at random is the steps necessary that subscriber equipment and base station connect.Under following situation, need to initiate the Radio Link that random access procedure is set up subscriber equipment and base station:
(1) subscriber equipment that is in idle condition needs initiation session;
(2) subscriber equipment that is in connection status need carry out connection re-establishment;
(3) subscriber equipment need switch;
(4) subscriber equipment (being the terminal) that is in connection status has downlink data to arrive but up asynchronous (base station has downlink data to need to send; But this moment, subscriber equipment was in up asynchronous state; Base station triggers random access procedure purpose is to use family equipment to reach the uplink synchronous state) or the subscriber equipment that is in connection status have upstream data to arrive but up asynchronous (terminal has upstream data to need to send, but this moment, subscriber equipment was in up asynchronous state).
To insert in order accomplishing at random, according to one embodiment of present invention, a kind of LTE system customer equipment accidental access device to be provided.As shown in Figure 1, LTE system customer equipment accidental access device 100 comprises: state supervisor 101, parameter management device 102, leading transmitter 103, accidental access response processor 104 and competition solve processor 105.And accidental access device 100 is devices in the subscriber equipment (being the terminal).
Wherein, Said state supervisor 101 is control centres of whole accidental access device 100; Be used for management, and trigger described parameter management device 102, leading transmitter 103, accidental access response processor 104 and competition and solve device such as processor 105 and carry out corresponding processing procedure subscriber equipment random access procedure different conditions.
As shown in Figure 2, the state in the subscriber equipment random access procedure comprises:
State 0: idle condition, this moment, subscriber equipment need not carry out random access procedure;
State 1: insert SBR at random, this state trigger parameter manager 102 and leading transmitter 103 are carried out random access resource and are selected and leading process of transmitting;
State 2: accidental access response wait state, this state trigger the processing that accidental access response processor 104 is carried out accidental access response;
State 3: competition solution wait state, this state trigger competition solution processor 105 and carry out the processing of access contention solution at random;
State 4: keep out of the way state, get into this state at random behind the access failure, wait for random access procedure next time after keeping out of the way certain hour.
Described parameter management device 102 is used to receive the configuration data of base station to subscriber equipment random access procedure parameter, and utilizes these configuration datas that the terminal is configured operation.
In addition, state supervisor 101 can also call parameters manager 102 carries out parameter (comprising: preamble index configuration information, configuration parameters such as channel resource mask) and reshuffles; After above-mentioned configuration is accomplished or is reconfigured, in order to let the parameter of subscriber equipment come into force, the leading base station that sends to of notifying leading transmitter 103 to calculate according to leading relevant configured parameter by parameter management device 102 again.
Said leading transmitter 103 is used for random access channel resource selection, leading selection, and the result of said selection is a random access information; Said leading transmitter 103 is submitted to the physical layer at terminal with this random access information, to send to base station (physical layer will receive letter on physical channel breath is formed accidental access signal and sent to the base station) through physical layer.
Said accidental access response processor 104 is used to resolve the accidental access response message that receives from the base station, and judges according to message content whether accidental access response is successful.
Said competition solves processor 105 and is used to resolve the competition solution message that receives from the base station, and judges according to message content whether successful access contention solves at random.
Insert at random with state of conflict respectively below that to insert at random with non-competing type be example, the course of work of LTE system customer equipment accidental access device 100 is described, wherein non-competing type generally is that initiate the base station, and state of conflict can also can be initiated by the terminal by the base station.
Example 1, state of conflict insert at random
State of conflict inserts situation about being directed against at random: the terminal is in idle condition or status of fail is set up in connection, and promptly not connecting with the base station or being connected does not have success.
At first, the base station sends to the terminal with the random access procedure configuration parameter earlier before the terminal begins to insert at random.
After configuration parameter finishes, notify leading transmitter 103 to send the leading base station of giving through the notice terminal physical layer by parameter management device 102.
Afterwards; The accidental access response that send the base station will be received in the terminal; By accidental access response processor 104 (work that is equivalent to separate header) is resolved in this bar response, the terminal is sent upstream data and is given base station (promptly connect and set up request message or connection re-establishment message) afterwards.
At last, the competition solution message of base station transmission will be received in the terminal, and the competition at terminal solves processor 105 and is used to resolve this competition solution message, and judges according to message content whether the access contention solution is successful at random, finishes random access procedure at last.
Example 2, non-competing type insert at random
Non-competing type inserts situation about being directed against at random: the terminal is in connection status, but this moment uplink loss.This moment, base station side had downlink data to need to send, but that the terminal is known through measurement in the base station is up asynchronous, at this moment initiated random access procedure by the base station.
At first, the base station sends to terminal (comprising: preamble index configuration information, configuration parameters such as channel resource mask) with the random access procedure configuration parameter earlier.
After configuration parameter finishes, notify leading transmitter 103 to send the leading base station of giving through the notice terminal physical layer by parameter management device 102.
Afterwards, the accidental access response that send the base station will be received in the terminal, by accidental access response processor 104 this bar response is resolved, if resolving successfully then non-competing type inserts success at random, random access procedure finishes.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the method that subscriber equipment inserts at random in a kind of LTE system is provided also, with reference to figure 2, said method comprises:
Step S1), the terminal receives high-rise (referring to terminal wireless resource control rrc layer) or bottom (physical layer that refers to the terminal) at random behind the incoming instruction (mode through interface interchange realizes); The terminal changes state 1 over to from state 0, and state supervisor 101 trigger parameter managers 102 come initialization random access parameter, leading transmitter 103 to carry out random access resource and select and leading process of transmitting;
Step S2), (lead code is a targeting sequencing to leading transmitter 103 transmission lead codes; In the present embodiment, be article one message of random access procedure) after, change state 2 over to; State supervisor 101 starts the accidental access response processor, gets into accidental access response (RAR) state of waiting for;
Step S3), if at the appointed time; Accidental access response processor 104 is judged and is successfully received RAR, and this random access procedure then sends random accessing message (being shown as msg 3 among Fig. 2) for competition inserts at random; Change state 3 over to; Start competition and solve processor, get into competition and solve wait state, change step S7 over to; Otherwise change step S4 over to;
Step S4), if at the appointed time, the accidental access response processor judges and successfully receives RAR, and this random access procedure is non-competingly to insert at random, then this user inserts success at random, changes state 0 over to, end; Otherwise change step S5 over to;
Step S5), if the accidental access response processor is judged and successfully not to be received RAR at the appointed time, and send leading number of times and surpass maximum times, then change state 4 over to, get into and keep out of the way state, change step S10 over to; Otherwise change step S6 over to;
Step S6), if the accidental access response processor is judged and successfully not to be received RAR at the appointed time, and send leading number of times and reached maximum times, then report access failure at random to high level, change state 0 over to, finish;
Step S7), judge that competition solves successfully (mate through competition solution message content and judge), then this user inserts success at random, changes state 0 over to, end if competition at the appointed time solves processor; Otherwise change step S8 over to;
Step S8), judge that competition solves failure, and send leading number of times and surpass maximum times, then change state 4 over to, get into and keep out of the way state, change step S10 over to if competition at the appointed time solves processor; Otherwise change step S9 over to;
Step S9), judge that competition solves failure, and send leading number of times and reached maximum times, then report access failure at random, change state 0 over to, finish to high level if competition at the appointed time solves processor;
Step S10), according to the sign of keeping out of the way of parameter management device indication, backoff value of picked at random, wait should change state 1 over to after the time, began random access procedure next time, changed step S1 over to.
According to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 3, the parameter management device initialization procedure described in the step S1 also comprises:
Step S1A-1), judge in the parameter of parameter management device 102 management whether have random access guiding index (ra-PreambleIndex) and Physical Random Access Channel mask index (ra-PRACH-MaskIndex); If exist; Access style then is set at random is and non-competingly insert at random, insert at random otherwise be set to competition;
Step S1A-2), configuration random access procedure relevant parameter, comprise Physical Random Access Channel configuration index (prach-configIndex), random access guiding number (numberOfRA-Preambles), random access guiding group A size (sizeOfRA-PreambleGroupA) etc.
Wherein, leading finger: that message that sends to the base station; Leading group refers to: leadingly be divided into two groups with what the user can select, be respectively leading group of A and leading group of B; EACH_PREAMBLE_NUM_FRACs refers to: leading total number that the user can select, comprised among leading group of A and the leading group of B in leading number.These parameters are prepared by the base station in advance, and are all known before inserting at random.
In addition, Physical Random Access Channel configuration index (prach-configIndex): it is leading to be used to select random access channel resource to send.Random access guiding number (numberOfRA-Preambles): leading total number that the user can select, comprised among leading group of A and the leading group of B in leading number.The size (sizeOfRA-PreambleGroupA) of random access guiding group A: describe the leading number among the leading group of A.
According to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 4, the leading selection course of leading selector described in the step S1 also comprises:
Step S1B-1), judge access style at random; If non-competing access at random; Then ra-PreambleIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex are set, change step S1B-4 over to according to designated value (ra-PreambleIndex that the base station is given and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex); Otherwise change step S1B-2 over to;
Step S1B-2), judge whether to send random accessing message 3, if then select and last identical leading code character, otherwise select one leading group according to canned data in the parameter management device; Change step S1B-3 over to;
Step S1B-3), one of picked at random is leading from selected leading group, and the ra-PRACH-MaskIndex value is set is 0; Change step S1B-4 over to;
Step S1B-4), select RACH can use subframe according to prach-configIndex and ra-PRACH-MaskIndex; Change step S1B-5 over to;
Step S1B-5), if ra-PRACH-MaskIndex is 0, and for competition inserts at random, selection random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end in selected subframe and 2 sub-frame thereafter then; Otherwise change S1B-6 over to;
Step S1B-6), if ra-PRACH-MaskIndex is 0, and be non-competingly to insert at random, then in selected subframe, select random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end; Otherwise change step S1B-7 over to);
Step S1B-7), if ra-PRACH-MaskIndex is not 0, then select random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end according to ra-PRACH-MaskIndex value.
According to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 5, the accidental access response processor judging process described in the step S3-S6 also comprises:
Step S3-1), after the accidental access response processor receives RAR, according to the backoff value of indicating among the RAR, the trigger parameter manager is preserved and is inserted backoff value at random;
Step S3-2), judge whether comprise the leading value (promptly leading) identical in the RAR message with leading transmitter, if, then accidental access response success, otherwise failure.
According to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 6, the competition described in the step S7-S9 solves the processor judging process and also comprises:
Step S7-1), compete solution processor judgement access initiation reason at random, if initially access or connection re-establishment then changes step S7-2 over to; If switch or uplink and downlink out-of-step, then change step S7-3 over to;
Step S7-2), competition solves processor and receives competition and solve message, matees with the message 3 that the accidental access response processor sends if competition solves message, then access interference solves successfully at random; Otherwise access interference solves failure at random; Finish;
Step S7-3), receive the message with this user equipment identifiers (C-RNTI) coupling, then access interference solves successfully at random if competition solves processor; Otherwise access interference solves failure at random; Finish.
The method and apparatus that subscriber equipment of the present invention inserts at random, for the subscriber equipment in the LTE agreement at random access function a kind of concrete implementation is provided.Through the co-operation between each device in the system, accomplished the subscriber equipment realization of access function at random, for the correct operation efficiently of LTE system terminal equipment provides necessary assurance.
Should be noted that and understand, under the situation that does not break away from the desired the spirit and scope of the present invention of accompanying Claim, can make various modifications and improvement the present invention of above-mentioned detailed description.Therefore, the scope of the technical scheme of requirement protection does not receive the restriction of given any specific exemplary teachings.
Claims (8)
1. the method that subscriber equipment inserts at random in the LTE system, the said type that inserts at random comprise that competition inserts at random and non-competingly insert at random that this method comprises:
Step 1, initialization random access parameter, and select random access resource; Said random access resource is used to indicate and sends leading resource information;
Step 2, send lead code, wait for accidental access response to the base station;
Step 3, if in first stipulated time successful receiving random access response,
If this random access procedure inserts for competition at random, send random accessing message, change step 5 over to;
If this random access procedure is non-competing access at random, then this subscriber equipment inserts success at random;
Step 4, if in first stipulated time not successful receiving random access response, surpass predetermined threshold if repeat to send the number of times of lead code, wait for the scheduled time, change step 2 over to; Surpass predetermined threshold if repeat to send the number of times of lead code, then this subscriber equipment access failure at random;
Step 5, if in second stipulated time, compete and solve successfully, then this subscriber equipment inserts success at random; With
Step 6, if competition solves failure in second stipulated time,
If the number of times that repeats to send lead code is waited for the scheduled time above predetermined threshold, change step 2 over to;
Surpass predetermined threshold if repeat to send the number of times of lead code, then this subscriber equipment access failure at random.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, said random access parameter comprises the size of Physical Random Access Channel configuration index, random access guiding number and random access guiding group A.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the initialization random access parameter comprises in the said step 1:
Step S1A-1), judge whether to exist random access guiding index and Physical Random Access Channel mask index; If exist, being provided with at random, access style is non-competing access at random; Otherwise being provided with at random, access style inserts for competition at random;
Step S1A-2), configuration random access procedure relevant parameter.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, leading selection comprises in the said step 1:
Step S1B-1), judge access style at random, if non-competingly insert at random, then random access guiding index and Physical Random Access Channel mask index are set according to designated value, change step S1B-4 over to; If competition inserts at random, change step S1B-2 over to);
Step S1B-2), judge whether to send random accessing message, if then select identical with last time leading group, otherwise according to one leading group of canned data selection in the parameter management device;
Step S1B-3), one of picked at random is leading from selected leading group, and Physical Random Access Channel mask index value is set is 0;
Step S1B-4), select RACH can use subframe according to Physical Random Access Channel configuration index and Physical Random Access Channel mask index;
Step S1B-5), if Physical Random Access Channel mask index is 0, and for competition inserts at random, selection random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end in selected subframe and 2 sub-frame thereafter then;
Step S1B-6), if Physical Random Access Channel mask index is 0, and be non-competingly to insert at random, then in selected subframe, select random access channel resource and send random access guiding, end;
Step S1B-7), if Physical Random Access Channel mask index is not 0, then select random access channel resource and send random access guiding according to Physical Random Access Channel mask index value, finish.
5. method according to claim 1, in said step 3～5, judge whether accidental access response receives successfully to comprise:
After receiving accidental access response, preserve the backoff value of indicating in the accidental access response; Said backoff value is the scheduled time of said wait;
Judge whether comprise the leading value identical in the accidental access response message with leading transmitter, if, then accidental access response success, otherwise failure.
6. method according to claim 1, in said step 6～7, judge whether the competition solution successfully comprises:
Initiate former because initially insert or connection re-establishment if insert at random, if the competition that receives solves message and said random accessing message coupling, then access interference solves successfully at random; Otherwise access interference solves failure at random;
Initiate former because switch or uplink and downlink out-of-step if insert at random, if receive the message of mating with this user equipment identifiers, then access interference solves successfully at random; Otherwise access interference solves failure at random.
7. the device that subscriber equipment inserts at random in the LTE system comprises:
The parameter management device is suitable for receiving the configuration data of base station to subscriber equipment random access procedure parameter, and utilizes these configuration datas that the terminal is configured operation;
Leading transmitter is suitable for carrying out that random access channel resource is selected, leading selection, and the random access information of said selection is submitted to the physical layer at terminal, sends to the base station through physical layer;
The accidental access response processor is suitable for resolving the accidental access response message that receives from the base station, and judges according to message content whether accidental access response is successful;
Compete solving processor, be suitable for resolving the competition that receives from the base station and solve message, and judge according to message content whether successful access contention solves at random; With
State supervisor is suitable for different conditions in the subscriber equipment random access procedure is managed, and triggers described parameter management device, leading transmitter, accidental access response processor and competition solution processor and carry out corresponding processing procedure.
8. device according to claim 7, wherein, the state of said condition managing management comprises:
State 0: idle condition, this moment, subscriber equipment need not carry out random access procedure;
State 1: insert SBR at random, this state trigger parameter manager and leading transmitter are carried out random access resource and are selected and leading process of transmitting;
State 2: the accidental access response wait state, this state triggers the accidental access response processor and carries out the processing to accidental access response;
State 3: competition solution wait state, this state trigger competition solution processor and carry out the processing of access contention solution at random;
State 4: keep out of the way state, get into this state at random behind the access failure, wait for random access procedure next time after keeping out of the way certain hour.
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