CN102570491A - 采用h桥的多电平功率转换器或逆变器装置 - Google Patents

采用h桥的多电平功率转换器或逆变器装置 Download PDF

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CN102570491A
CN102570491A CN2011104630590A CN201110463059A CN102570491A CN 102570491 A CN102570491 A CN 102570491A CN 2011104630590 A CN2011104630590 A CN 2011104630590A CN 201110463059 A CN201110463059 A CN 201110463059A CN 102570491 A CN102570491 A CN 102570491A
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米格尔·阿尔瓦尔·马约尔
安德烈斯·阿古多·阿拉克
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
    • H02P2201/03—AC-DC converter stage controlled to provide a defined DC link voltage

Abstract

一种具有变压器和功率转换器或逆变器的多电平电压装置，包括一个或多个可连接到电源的共用DC链路，所述装置包括连接到所述共用DC链路的第一组H桥，其中所述H桥中的每一个均包括连接到位于变压器初级侧的线路端部的至少两个节点，其中控制装置适于控制这些H桥，以在所述H桥的第一节点和第二节点之间获得多电平电压信号。

Description

采用H桥的多电平功率转换器或逆变器装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于发电机的多电平功率转换器拓扑结构和装置，优选地用于风力轮机应用中。
背景技术
已知有多种电压源转换器采用H桥拓扑结构。H桥被用于获得多电平波形。H桥由多个不同的开关元件来驱动。所述开关的打开和闭合状态决定了连接到其上的负载绕组的输出电压。然而，它们的使用仅限于DC/DC转换器系统应用或者单相AC应用中。
对于串联有源滤波器、动态电压恢复器和静态同步补偿器(statcom)相关的应用场合，已知的具有H桥拓扑结构和架构的三相应用采用AC侧绝缘变压器应用结构。
这些应用已经在多篇公开文献中有所描述。串联有源滤波器可在F.Z.Peng，H.Agaki，A.Nabase的公开文章“A new approach to harmonic compensation in powersystems-a combined system of shunt passive and series active filters”中找到，该文章发表于IEEE Trans.on Ind.Applications，第26卷，第6期，第983-990页，1990年11月/12月。
动态电压恢复器已在H.Kim，S.K.Sul的公开文章“Compensation voltagecontrol in dynamic restorers by use of feed forward and state feedback scheme”中有所描述，该文章发表于IEEE Trans.on power electronics，第20卷，第5期，第1169-1177页，2005年9月。
现有技术中的例子给出了电压型多电平转换器的拓扑结构，这种结构需要采用大量的元件，并且难以实现和控制。此外，所述装置还要求具有高直流电压值的共用DC链路之间的相互作用。
现有技术中采用的两电平拓扑结构表现出过度的谐波特性。其中的总谐波畸变(THD)达不到这种系统的最佳要求。本发明的一个目的是，提供一种用于发电机的功率转换器拓扑结构和装置，优选地用于风力轮机应用场合，其表现出最佳的谐波减小特性，并且它还具有简单的结构和拓扑构造。
本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种多电平转换器和逆变器拓扑结构，其可采用独立于所选择电平数目的控制算法、方法和硬件。因此，进一步的优点是，现有的控制系统可重新用于这种新的拓扑结构。
此外，本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种多电平装置，其需要较少数目的DC母线。理想状态下，设置为共用DC链路的单DC母线就足以满足要求。
发明内容
本发明设计一种具有变压器和功率转换器或逆变器的多电平(level)电压装置，该功率转换器或逆变器包括连接到电源的一个或多个共用DC链路，其中所述装置包括至少一组连接到所述共用DC链路的H桥。每个所述H桥包括至少一个第一节点和第二节点，以及至少一个变压器包括初级侧，该初级侧具有至少一个绕组，该绕组具有设计为开口端结构并且可从变压器的外部接触到的第一端和第二端。该装置进一步具有连接到所述H桥的第一节点的所述绕组的第一端，以及具有连接到所述第二输出节点的所述绕组的第二端。还设置一种控制装置，该控制装置适于控制这些H桥，以在所述H桥的第一节点和第二节点之间获得多电平电压信号。
术语功率转换器应当被广义地理解为包括功率逆变器。一般地，DC和AC系统之间的任何转换都应落在本术语的定义范围内，而不管相应的功率输入或功率输出具有何种频率或波形。
该功率装置还可包括适于在所述H桥的第一节点和第二节点之间实现三电平电压输出的控制装置。进一步的，系统的功率装置可被构建为单DC母线。进一步的，共用DC链路可具有适于连接到DC电源的输入端，该DC电源优选地被构建为一个或多个太阳能电池。
在所述第一组H桥的第一和第二节点与所述变压器绕组的第一和第二端之间，可以设置电感滤波器。所述滤波器减小瞬态、尖峰以及不希望的谐波特性或THD。
背靠背拓扑结构具有特有的优点。它们具有第二组H桥，该H桥具有可连接到绕组对应于发电机的第一和第二端的第一和第二节点，其中所述第二组H桥连接到所述共用DC链路，以与所述第一组H桥实现背靠背结构。
变压器一般具有次级侧，该次级侧优选地包括三角形或星形结构的绕组，它们可直接地连接到输电线或输电网。
本拓扑结构还可用于静态同步补偿器应用中。在这些应用中，变压器的次级侧连接到所述电网并适于从其接收功率，其中该控制装置适于将能量存储于包括在所述共用DC链路中的电容器或蓄电池中，并且所述控制装置适于将所述存储的能量传输回电网。因此，所述转换器可用作无功电源或无功能量吸收器(power sink)。
本发明中也可包括控制系统。用于功率发电机或逆变器的控制装置包括如前所述的功率装置、用于在共用DC链路处测量电压电平的装置、用于在输出端从第一组H桥测量电流和电压电平的装置，其中用于控制所述第一组H桥的切换操作的所述控制装置被设置为基于在共用DC链路处测得的电压电平、以及在输出端处从所述第一组H桥测得的电流和电压电平实施控制。
附图说明
图1示出了并联设置的m级三电平背靠背全功率转换器，其中该转换器连接到发电机。
图2示出了一个三电平背靠背全功率转换器。
图3示出了用于光伏系统的一个三电平功率转换器。
图4示出了用于静态同步补偿器应用的一个三电平功率转换器。
图5示出了用于一个三电平背靠背功率转换器的控制结构。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于发电和功率变换的具有并联m级的装置，其中m为自然数。在许多应用场合中，都需要处理大量的发电功率。非限制性的例子包括直接驱动应用场合，其中风力轮机轴直接地将功率从转子传输到电气功率转换器。为了处理大规模的功率，多个电气转换器并联地设置。m级中的每一级负责处理总功率的一部分，以便不超过它们的正常额定值，特别是与半导体开关相连的那些额定值，以免产生元件损坏。
发电机(gen)优选地为风力轮机。来自转换器的定子绕组连接到第二电压源转换器(VSC2)，该转换器被构造为多电平H桥。电网滤波器可设置在定子绕组的输出端以限制dv/dt，其被称作为发电机(gen)中电压时间导数的较大值。
定子中的绕组采用开口端结构。这意味着绕组端部是可视的，并且其可直接地连接到定子外部的电路。这种结构不同于常规的星形或三角形绕组结构。
第二电压源转换器(VSC2)连接到共用DC链路。所述链路通常被实施为单DC母线(DC Bus)。该模块有利地可具有过电压或过电流保护模块，也称作限流器电路。
共用DC链路(DC母线)连接到第一电压源转换器，其实现为多电平H桥特别是三电平电压转换器。所述H桥的拓扑结构为具有来自第二电压转换器(VSC2)的H桥的背靠背结构。第一电压转换器(VSC1)和第二电压转换器(VSC2)连接到相同的共用DC链路，优选是DC母线。
该第一电压源转换器(VSC1)连接到变压器(T)的初级侧。所述初级侧将来自具有开口端绕组结构的并联m级中每一级的至少一个绕组集中到一起。这意味着所述绕组的端部都可连接到变压器(T)外部的电路和/或模块。有利的是，绝大部分构建在电感电路中的电网滤波器可设置在变压器之前。
通常具有三角形或星形结构的所述变压器的次级侧优选地连接到输电网或网络的网上。
图2示出了图1的m级中的一个的优选实施例。图2示出了一个三相三电平背靠背全功率转换器。发电机优选地具有三个开口端绕组。因此，来自每个绕组的两条线路可连接到发电机外部的模块或电路。
与发电机(gen)特别是风力轮机发电机相连的绕组连接到第二组H桥。所述第二组H桥具有m个所述H桥，其中m为自然数。
优选地，与发电机相连的绕组或者连接到发电机轴，或者形成围绕转子的定子绕组的一部分。优选地，有m个绕组处于开口端布置结构。这意味着可从发电机的输出端接触到每个绕组端部。在本发明中，多种类型的发电机都是可以适用的，如永磁同步发电机、绕组转子同步发电机以及鼠笼感性电机。
每个绕组的第一端连接到第二组H桥(H2)中一个H桥的第一输入节点(H2a)。然后，所述绕组的第二端连接到第二组H桥(H2)的所述H桥的第二输入节点(H2b)。
第二组H桥(H2)并联设置。所述第二组H桥(H2)的所有输出均连接到共用DC链路，优选地构成单DC母线。共用DC母线被构建为一个或多个并联的电容器或蓄电池，并用作功率和能量集中器或存储器。
然后，所述共用DC链路并联地连接到第一组桥(H1)。所述第一组桥具有m个桥，其中m为自然数。
所述第一组桥(H1)中的每个H桥具有连接到位于变压器(T)的初级侧处的每个绕组的第一端的第一输出节点和连接到形成所述变压器(T)的初级侧的所述绕组的第二端的第二输出节点。
每个H桥的第一和第二节点与线路的端部之间的连接可直接地形成，或者通过中间部件网侧滤波器(L电网侧滤波器)而形成。
变压器的初级侧具有开口绕组结构。每个绕组的第一端连接到第一组桥(H1a)的第一输出(H1a)节点，同时，每个绕组的第二端连接到第一组桥(H1)的所述对应H桥的第二节点(H1b)。
控制装置适于控制H桥的开通和关断切换操作状态。所述开关典型地由半导体结构形成，如IGBTs、IGCTs、GTOs、晶闸管等。
在本发明中，相-相电压电平的数目为3，分别为+Udc、-Udc、0。所述电压出现在每个绕组的第一和第二端之间。三电平拓扑结构可以实现预料不到的效果，其在足以减少不希望谐波(THD)的数量和强度的同时还能够实现简单的电路结构和控制系统。
在图3中有三个并联设置的H桥。当通过三相变压器向电网传输能量时，本实施例尤为简单。
所述实施例的额定功率在0.5MVA到20MVA范围内。IGBTs半导体器件是H桥开关的最优选择。这些开关由工作频率范围在0.1KHz到10KHz之间的控制装置来驱动，具体的频率值取决于半导体器件的类型及其标称电压。
线路的电压有效值在400伏到4350伏的范围内。共用链路的DC电压值也具有相同的操作电压范围400伏到4350伏。
当应用到风力轮机场合中时，该系统可应用在中压(MV)范围。相比于低压(LV)系统中使用的系统，该系统可以实现需要更小电流的优点。
图3示出了多电平H桥拓扑结构在光伏系统中的应用。在这种情况下，电源被构建为一个或多个光伏太阳能面板。所述面板优选地以串联方式彼此连接在一起，以实现不同的电压。光伏面板连接到共用DC链路，通常为单DC母线。所述共用DC链路级可设置为能够聚集来自太阳能面板的电能的单个电容器，或者可设置为并联地跨接该单DC母线的多个分布式蓄电池或电容器。
共用DC链路并联地连接到n个H桥。每个H桥具有连接到位于变压器的初级侧的每个绕组的第一端的第一节点(H1a)和连接到每个绕组的第一端的第二节点(H1b)。
每个H桥的节点与线路的端部之间的连接可直接地形成，或者可通过中间部件网侧滤波器(L)而形成。
变压器的初级侧具有开口绕组结构。每个绕组的第一端连接到对应H桥的第一节点(H1a)，同时，每个绕组的第二端连接到所述对应桥的第二节点(H2b)。
控制装置被设置为控制H桥的开通和关断切换操作状态。所述开关典型地由半导体材料形成，如IGBTs、IGCTs、GTOs、晶闸管等。
在本发明中，电压电平的数目为3，分别为+Udc、-Udc、0。所述电压出现在每个绕组的第一和第二端之间。
在图3中有并联设置的3个H桥。当通过三相变压器向电网传输能量时，本实施例尤为简单。
所述实施例的额定功率范围为0.5MVA到20MVA。IGBTs半导体器件是H桥开关的优选。这些开关由工作频率范围在0.1KHz到10KHz之间的控制装置来驱动，具体的频率值取决于半导体器件的类型及其标称电压。
线路的电压有效值在400伏到4350伏的范围内。共用链路的DC电压值也具有相同的操作电压范围即400伏到4350伏。
本发明的另一个优点是，特别是从图3中来说，共用DC链路的电压电平不需要高于在输出AC电压线路处得到的电压。本拓扑结构可具有相对较低的共用DC链路电压电平。
图4示出了与用于静态同步补偿器应用的逆变器相关的另一个实施例。来自电网的无功功率可在存储在所述逆变器中并可被重新用于电网中。
在这个实施例中，电网连接到变压器(T)的初级侧，并且典型地具有三角形或星形结构的线路。所述变压器(T)的次级侧具有处于开口端结构的m个绕组。所述线路的每个第一和第二端分别连接到第一组的m个H桥的第一节点(H1a)和第二节点(H1b)。
所述第一组H桥(H1)并联地连接到构建为功率和能量电容器或蓄电池的共用DC链路。图4中未示出的控制装置控制开关活动的打开和闭合，从而存储来自电网的能量和/或将所述能量送回电网或网络输电线。因此，逆变器的工作状态是双向的，既可存储能量又可以输出能量。简言之，其可以用作无功功率吸收器或者用作无功电源。
图5示出了用于三电平背靠背功率转换器的控制结构的非限制性实施例。该控制系统可优选地具有输入变量和作为发电机角速度的测量变量，DC母线处的DC电压电平，来自转换器的三个输出电流和电压电平，以及电网电流和电压测量值。
第一组H桥(H1)和第二组H桥(H2)的开关都是可控的。一种控制方案可采用脉冲调制技术。如上面提到的那样，当使用三电平电压时，本装置尤其简单。本发明使得谐波显著地减小，同时无需对硬件进行任何大规模的重新设计。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有变压器(T)和功率转换器或逆变器的多电平电压装置，其包括：
至少一个可直接或间接地连接到电源(PS，gen，Grid)的共用DC链路(DC链路)，
第一组H桥(H1)，其包括连接到所述共用DC链路的至少一个H桥，其中
每个所述H桥包括至少一个第一节点(H1a)和第二节点(H1b)，
其特征在于
至少一个变压器(T)包括具有至少一个绕组的初级侧，该绕组具有可从该变压器(T)的外部接触到的、以开口端结构配置的第一和第二端，其中
所述绕组的第一端连接到所述H桥的第一节点，
所述绕组的第二端连接到所述第二输出节点，
并具有
适于控制所述H桥以在所述H桥的第一节点(H1a)和第二节点(H1b)之间获得多电平电压信号的控制装置。
2.根据权利要求1的装置，其中
所述控制装置适于在所述H桥的第一节点(H1a)和第二节点(H1b)之间实现三电平电压输出(+Udc、-Udc、0)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的装置，其中
该共用DC链路被构建为单DC母线。
4.根据权利要求1或2的装置，其中
所述共用DC链路具有适于连接到DC电源的输入端。
5.根据权利要求4的装置，
其中所述DC电源包括一个或多个太阳能电池。
6.根据权利要求1或2的装置，进一步具有连接在所述第一组H桥(H1)的第一节点(H1a)和第二节点(H1b)与所述变压器线路的第一端和第二端之间的电感滤波器(L)。
7.根据权利要求1或2的装置，具有
第二组H桥(H2)，其具有可连接到对应于发电机的线路的第一和第二端的第一节点(H2a)和第二节点(H2b)，
所述第二组H桥(H2)连接到所述共用DC链路，从而实现与所述第一组H桥(H1)的背靠背配置。
8.根据权利要求1或2的装置，其中所述变压器包括次级侧，优选地包括三角形或星形结构的线路，该次级侧可直接地连接到输电线路或电网。
9.根据权利要求9的装置，其中
所述变压器(T)的次级侧连接到所述电网并适于从该电网接收能量，以及
所述控制装置适于将所述能量存储在包括在所述共用DC链路中的电容器或蓄电池中，以及
所述控制装置适于将所述存储的能量传送回该电网。
10.一种用于功率转换器或逆变器的控制装置，包括：
根据之前任一项权利要求所述的多电平电压装置，以及
用于测量共用DC链路处的电压电平的装置，以及
用于测量第一组H桥(H1)的输出端处电流和电压电平的装置，其中
所述用于控制所述第一组H桥的开关动作的控制装置基于在共用DC链路处测得的所述电压电平和在所述第一组H桥(H1)的输出端处测得的电流和电压实施控制。
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Application publication date: 20120711