CN102569887A - Non-water system high-voltage electrolyte additive and preparation method of electrolyte - Google Patents

Non-water system high-voltage electrolyte additive and preparation method of electrolyte Download PDF

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CN102569887A
CN102569887A CN2012100008362A CN201210000836A CN102569887A CN 102569887 A CN102569887 A CN 102569887A CN 2012100008362 A CN2012100008362 A CN 2012100008362A CN 201210000836 A CN201210000836 A CN 201210000836A CN 102569887 A CN102569887 A CN 102569887A
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alkyl
hydrogen
electrolyte
halogen
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CN102569887B (en
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左晓希
范成杰
南俊民
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South China Normal University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-voltage electrolyte, comprising the following steps of: (1). mixing a ring-shaped carbonate solvent with a chain-shaped carbonate solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the ring-shaped carbonate solvent to the chain-shaped carbonate solvent is 1: (1-3); (2). adding a conductive lithium salt into the mixed solvent to enable the concentration of the lithium salt to be 0.6-1.5 mol/L; and (3). adding a lithium ion battery electrolyte additive in the claim 1 into a mixed system of the step (2) to enable the mass of the additive to be 0.01-5% of the total mass of the electrolyte. According to the electrolyte prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention, no special requirements on a cathode material and a membrane exist so that the circulating performance of a high-voltage lithium ion battery is obviously improved and the multiplying power performance is further improved. The electrolyte prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has smaller influences on the battery capacity; and the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple, is low in cost, and has good application prospect.

Description

The preparation method of a kind of non-aqueous system high voltage electrolysis additive and electrolyte
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of non-aqueous system high-voltage lithium ion batteries electrolysis additive and electrolyte.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has advantages such as operating voltage height, energy density height, environmental friendliness, stable circulation, safety because of it, be widely used in the various portable mobile electronic devices of notebook computer, digital camera, mobile phone, MP4 or the like.But, the operating voltage and the energy density of lithium ion battery are had higher requirement along with increasing in electric automobile, hybrid vehicle, cordless power tool and military application.
In order to improve the energy density of lithium ion battery, researcher has carried out number of research projects.Mainly concentrate on the higher novel anode material of research and development charge and discharge platform, like spinel oxide LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4, rich lithium material Li 1.2Ni 0.2Mn 0.6O 2Deng.A kind of in addition method is to improve the charging cut-ff voltage of traditional positive electrode, as with LiCoO 2The charging cut-ff voltage of the battery that positive electrode is processed is brought up to 4.35V, and its capacity is compared during with charging cut-ff voltage 4.2V, can improve about 10% ~ 15%.But along with the raising of charging cut-ff voltage, the oxidation activity of positive electrode improves, and the reaction of positive active material and electrolyte is also quickened thereupon, causes battery inflatable under high voltage serious, and cycle performance reduces, and has seriously restricted the performance of positive electrode performance.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high voltage type lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive and electrolyte.
The technical scheme that the present invention taked is:
A kind of non-aqueous system high voltage electrolysis additive, its structural formula is shown in (1) or (2):
。
R 1For phenyl, part hydrogen or all hydrogen by the substituted phenyl of halogen; R 2-R 6Be the C1-6 straight chained alkyl; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C1-6 straight chained alkyl of halogen; The C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The alkyl that contains the C4-6 of quaternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C4-6 alkyl that contains the quaternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings of halogen; The C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring; Part hydrogen or whole a kind of by in the substituted C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring of halogen of hydrogen.
N=1 or 2.
R 7Or R 8Be phenyl; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted phenyl of halogen; The C1-6 straight chained alkyl; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C1-6 straight chained alkyl of halogen; The C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The alkyl that contains the C4-6 of quaternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C4-6 alkyl that contains the quaternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings of halogen; The C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring; Part hydrogen or whole a kind of by in the substituted C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring of halogen of hydrogen.
A kind of preparation method of electrolyte may further comprise the steps:
1) with cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: (1-3);
2) electric conducting lithium salt is added in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 0.6-1.5mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, make its quality account for the 0.01-5% of electrolyte gross mass.
At least a in the halo derivatives of the halo derivatives of the halo derivatives of the halo derivatives that described cyclic carbonate ester solvent is ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, butylene, gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-butyrolacton.
Said electric conducting lithium salt is LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiTFSI, LiFAP, LiCF 3SO 3, LiPF 4C 2O 4, LiN (C xF 2x+1SO 2) (C yF 2y+1SO 2) at least a, wherein, 1≤x≤5,1≤y≤5, simultaneously, x, y are natural number.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) is dissolved with respect to the sulfone class of finding recently and is waited agent and additive; The electrolyte anticathode material of preparation according to the invention, barrier film do not have specific (special) requirements; The high-voltage lithium ion batteries cycle performance that makes is significantly increased, and high rate performance also increases.
(2) electrolyte of preparation method's preparation of the present invention is less to the battery capacity influence, and the preparation method is simple, and cost is low, has application promise in clinical practice.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for adding the lithium ion battery cycle charge discharge capacity curve of different electrolytes.
Fig. 2 is for adding the lithium ion battery cycle charge discharge capacity curve of different electrolytes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done further explanation:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure 2012100008362100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC) solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: 2;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (3), make its quality account for 1% of electrolyte gross mass.
Using the electrolyte of above-mentioned steps preparation to be designated as electrolyte B, use step 1), 2) electrolyte of preparation is designated as electrolyte A.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure 2012100008362100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC) solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: 2;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (3), make its quality account for 1% of electrolyte gross mass.
Use the electrolyte of above-mentioned steps preparation to be designated as electrolyte C.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure 2012100008362100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC) solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: 2;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (3), make its quality account for 1% of electrolyte gross mass.
Use the electrolyte of above-mentioned steps preparation to be designated as electrolyte D.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC), Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvent, three's mass ratio is 1: 1: 1;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (3), make its quality account for 0.8% of electrolyte gross mass.
Using the electrolyte of above-mentioned steps preparation to be designated as electrolyte F, use step 1), 2) electrolyte of preparation is designated as electrolyte E.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC), Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvent, three's mass ratio is 1: 1: 1;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (3), make its quality account for 0.8% of electrolyte gross mass.
Using the electrolyte of above-mentioned steps preparation to be designated as electrolyte H, use step 1), 2) electrolyte of preparation is designated as electrolyte G.
A, B, C, four kinds of electrolyte of D are injected just very LiCoO respectively 2, barrier film is a polyalkene diaphragm, negative pole is the soft-package battery (nominal capacity 900mAh) of Delanium; In 3.0 ~ 4.35V voltage range, carry out 1C and charge and discharge circulation, circulate after 500 times, using the battery capacity conservation rate of A electrolyte is about 41.5%; And use the battery capacity conservation rate of B electrolyte to reach more than 85.4%; Use the battery capacity conservation rate of C electrolyte to reach 83.9%, use the battery capacity conservation rate of D electrolyte to reach 71.5%, Fig. 1 is corresponding cycle charge discharge capacity curve figure.
With E, two kinds of electrolysis of F respectively liquid be injected into just very LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4, barrier film is a polyalkene diaphragm, negative pole is the button half-cell of lithium sheet; In 3.5 ~ 5.2V voltage range, carry out 0.1C and charge and discharge circulation; Circulate after 100 times, as shown in Figure 2, using the battery capacity conservation rate of E electrolyte is 63.6%; And the battery capacity conservation rate that uses F electrolyte is up to 91.0%, and Fig. 2 be the cycle charge discharge capacity curve figure of correspondence.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC) solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: 3;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1.5mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (8), make its quality account for 5% of electrolyte gross mass.
Embodiment 7:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC) solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: 1;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 0.6mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (9), make its quality account for 0.01% of electrolyte gross mass.
Embodiment 8:
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Use the preparation method of the electrolyte of above-mentioned additive, may further comprise the steps:
1) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and Methylethyl carbonic ester (EMC) solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: 2;
2) with LiPF 6Add in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 1.2mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the additive of structural formula shown in (10), make its quality account for 0.06% of electrolyte gross mass.
Electrolyte of the present invention is applicable to that the charging cut-ff voltage is higher than the lithium ion battery of 4.2V, has used the battery of electrolysis additive of the present invention, and its positive active material can be LiMO 2(M=Ni, Co, Mn), LiMPO 4(M=Mn, Co), Li 2V 3(PO 4) 4, LiNiVO 4, LiM xMn 2-xO 4(M=Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, 0＜x＜2), LiNi xCo 1-xO 2(x=0.01 ~ 0.99), LiNi xMn yCo zO 2(x+y+z=1), Li xNi 0.33Co 0.33Mn 0.33O 2(0.95≤x≤1.2), Li 1.2+x[Ni 0.25Mn 0.75] 0.8-xO 2In a kind of.

Claims (7)

1. non-aqueous system high voltage electrolysis additive, it is characterized in that: its structural formula is shown in (1) or (2):
Figure 2012100008362100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
2. a kind of non-aqueous system high voltage electrolysis additive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: R 1For phenyl, part hydrogen or all hydrogen by the substituted phenyl of halogen; R 2-R 6Be the C1-6 straight chained alkyl; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C1-6 straight chained alkyl of halogen; The C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The alkyl that contains the C4-6 of quaternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C4-6 alkyl that contains the quaternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings of halogen; The C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring; Part hydrogen or whole a kind of by in the substituted C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring of halogen of hydrogen.
3. a kind of non-aqueous system high voltage electrolysis additive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: n=1 or 2.
4. a kind of non-aqueous system high voltage electrolysis additive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: R 7Or R 8Be phenyl; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted phenyl of halogen; The C1-6 straight chained alkyl; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C1-6 straight chained alkyl of halogen; The C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C3-6 alkyl that contains the ternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The alkyl that contains the C4-6 of quaternary carbocyclic ring; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C4-6 alkyl that contains the quaternary carbocyclic ring of halogen; The C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings; Part hydrogen or whole hydrogen are by the substituted C5-6 alkyl that contains five yuan of carbocyclic rings of halogen; The C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring; Part hydrogen or whole a kind of by in the substituted C6-8 alkyl that contains six-membered carbon ring of halogen of hydrogen.
5. use the preparation method of the electrolyte of the described non-aqueous system high voltage of claim 1 electrolysis additive, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1) with cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent, wherein the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate ester solvent and linear carbonate solvent is 1: (1-3);
2) electric conducting lithium salt is added in the above-mentioned mixed solvent, making lithium salt is 0.6-1.5mol/L;
3) to step 2) mixture system in add the described lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive of claim 1, make its quality account for the 0.01-5% of electrolyte gross mass.
6. the preparation method of a kind of electrolyte according to claim 5 is characterized in that: at least a in the halo derivatives of the halo derivatives of the halo derivatives of the halo derivatives that described cyclic carbonate ester solvent is ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, butylene, gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-butyrolacton.
7. the preparation method of a kind of electrolyte according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said electric conducting lithium salt is LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiTFSI, LiFAP, LiCF 3SO 3, LiPF 4C 2O 4, LiN (C xF 2x+1SO 2) (C yF 2y+1SO 2) at least a, wherein, 1≤x≤5,1≤y≤5, simultaneously, x, y are natural number.
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CN111755710A (en) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-09 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 Lithium primary battery electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof

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