CN102569629A - Thermoelectric module and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Thermoelectric module and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermoelectric module and a manufacture method of the thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module comprises a first base plate, a second base plate, a plurality of P type thermoelectric materials, a plurality of N type thermoelectric materials, first metal electrodes, second metal electrodes, first welding alloy layers, second welding alloy layers and a support object, wherein the thermoelectric materials are arranged between the first base plate and the second base plate and each pair of thermoelectric materials comprises a P type thermoelectric material and an N type thermoelectric material which are electrically connected through the first metal electrode (positioned between the first base plate and the lower end surface of the thermoelectric materials), and the N type thermoelectric material is then electrically connected with the other adjacent P type thermoelectric material through the second metal electrode (positioned between the second base plate and the upper end surface of the thermoelectric materials). The first welding alloy layers are connected with the first metal electrodes and the lower end surfaces of the P/N type thermoelectric materials, and the second welding alloy layers are connected with the second metal electrodes and the upper end surfaces of the P/N type thermoelectric materials. The support object is positioned in a position of at least one of the first welding alloy layers and the second welding alloy layers, and in addition, the melting point is higher than the liquid phase line temperature of the first welding alloy layers and the second welding alloy layers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrothermal module and manufacturing approach thereof, particularly relate to a kind of generating electrothermal module and manufacturing approach thereof of stably operable at high temperature.
Background technology
Electrothermal module (Thermoelectric module) through switching the sense of current of input electrothermal module, can raise or reduce the end face temperature of electrothermal module, by a large amount of manufacturings with apply to the precise dose control unit.In addition, through the hot-side temperature (Th) of electrothermal module both ends of the surface and the temperature difference T of cold junction temperature (Tc), electrothermal module also can convert the temperature difference of these both ends of the surface into electric energy output, therefore reclaims environment thermal energy.The efficiency eta of thermoelectric generating device mainly receives the thermoelectric figure of merit of thermoelectric material and the product ZT of temperature, and the temperature difference Δ T of hot junction and cold junction determines that latter's temperature difference Δ T erects the higher limit of Carnot's cycle efficiency, η
C=Δ T/Th, the ZT of thermoelectric material gets over the convergence infinity, and then the efficiency eta of thermoelectric generating device is got over the higher limit of convergence Carnot's cycle efficiency, η c.Thermoelectric figure of merit Z is defined as Z=α
2. σ/κ; α is the western shellfish coefficient (Seebeck) of thermoelectric material; σ is the conductivity (electric conductivity) of thermoelectric material, and κ is the pyroconductivity (thermal conductivity) of thermoelectric material, and each attributes of above-mentioned thermoelectric material all changes with variations in temperature.
It is at present known that the product ZT of its thermoelectric figure of merit and temperature almost is lower than 2 corresponding to the interval different thermoelectric bulk of high, medium and low equitemperature, thus thermoelectric material self conversion efficiency still on the low side.Under the limited present situation of the progress of the thermoelectric figure of merit that promotes thermoelectric material; Therefore the segmentation of deriving engages the series of studies of composition gradient thermoelectric material (segmented FGM); Even double-deck electrothermal module (two-stage thermoelectric device), the phase promotes the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generating device in a short time.For conversion efficiency or the energy output that increases thermoelectric generating device; No matter be the electrothermal module of traditional single layer structure; Or double-deck electrothermal module; Even segmentation engages the electrothermal module that the composition gradient thermoelectric material is assembled, and high-temperature difference Δ T running all is the necessary condition that improves this electrothermal module conversion efficiency.Yet get over the operation condition of high temperature difference; Except the inner thermal expansion dislocation (thermal expansion mismatch) of introducing higher degree of thermoelectric generating device, also possibly make the welding alloy layer in electrothermal module hot junction, the reflow ashbury metal layer (solder alloy layer) that for example generally uses; The fusion of generation alloy-layer; Even its liquid phase is stressed out from the joint interface of thermionic valves grain and metal electrode, causes toppling over of thermionic valves grain, causes the destruction of thermoelectric generating device; Or fusion liquid phase overflow is to contiguous metal electrode, causes short circuit and reduces the conversion efficiency of electrothermal module.
Based on the main element that makes thermoelectric generating device--many to electrical series connection P type and N type thermoelectric material, corresponding most electrodes and engage aforementioned both interface alloy-layer--contact resistance low more; The joint interface that can be suppressed at main element more produces excessive Joule heat; And for reducing the cost that engages main element, therefore often with reflow manufacture craft welding heat electric material and corresponding metal electrode.Yet above-mentioned main element--thermoelectric material, corresponding most electrodes and engage aforementioned both reflow alloy-layer; Its thermal coefficient of expansion is also inequality each other; Under the operation condition of high temperature difference; The structure of this welding certainly will be born thermal strain or the thermal stress that the high thermal expansion coefficient dislocation is caused, and possibly cause the thermoelectric material generation shear fracture or the cleavage fracture of fragility.On the practice, engage the thicker of the reflow alloy-layer of thermoelectric material and corresponding metal electrode, and the hardness of welding alloy layer is low more, the reflow alloy-layer is just more easily through plastic deformation, and the thermal stress of regulating thermoelectric generating device in the above-mentioned running.Though this reflow alloy-layer is at high temperature; Can soften its hardness because of the part fusion takes place, therefore regulate thermal stress more easily, but fuse alloy liquid under the pincers pressure of fixing electrothermal module; Very easily be stressed out the joint interface of thermoelectric material and metal electrode; Cause follow-up contingent thermionic valves grain and topple over, or the short circuit that causes of fusion liquid phase overflow, the inefficacy or the efficient that cause electrothermal module are by falling.
United States Patent (USP) case patent No. US7; 278; 199 propose a kind of method of making electrothermal module, solving the thermal stress issues of electrothermal module, at the radiating end (cold junction) of many P type and N type thermoelectric materials to electrical series connection and the joint interface that covers copper pottery substrate (direct bond cupper) electrode still with tin cream reflow mode; Reach welding, but then be the mode that adopts sliding contact at the joint interface of the heat absorbing end (hot junction) of thermoelectric material and electrode.Though adopt the mode of sliding contact to have the effect of regulating thermal stress at this hot junction joint interface, increase the contact resistance at this interface, hot junction, therefore increase the series loop resistance of electrothermal module.In addition; United States Patent (USP) case publication number US2010/0101620 proposes a kind of electrothermal module structure, and in the be shaped convexity of a flat pattern of electrode surface, the convexity of utilizing this flat moulding is to disperse heat energy; To reduce the temperature difference of substrate and thermoelectric material, therefore suppress the destruction that thermal stress causes.Yet; The protruding height of this flat pattern is very less than the thickness of reflow ashbury metal layer, when electrothermal module when high temperature operates, the thickness of reflow ashbury metal layer still might pursue and subtracts because of fusion takes place; Cause fusion ashbury metal hydrorrhea to flow to contiguous metal electrode, cause electrothermal module internal short-circuit problem.
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of a traditional electrothermal module." directly covering (direct bond) cermet substrate " 110 all used at the two ends up and down of electrothermal module 100, and this directly covers cermet substrate 110 and comprises a ceramic wafer 112, and a plurality of metal electrode 114 is directly covering on the surface of this ceramic wafer 112.Metal electrode 114 can be the lip-deep metal conducting layer that is printed in ceramic wafer 112, or metallic plate is welded on the surface of ceramic wafer 112.The surface of metal electrode 114 imposes the coating (not shown) of tool diffusion obstacle effect usually and handles.Among Fig. 1; Two directly covering between cermet substrate 110 and P type thermoelectric material 142 or the N type thermoelectric material 144 up and down of electrothermal module 100; Be respectively arranged with welding alloy layer 120; P type, N type thermoelectric material 142,144 with cross arrangement engage with metal electrode 114, make above-mentioned a plurality of P type and N type thermoelectric material (142 and 144) present electrical the series connection each other.
Yet when making the electrothermal module 100 of assembly drawing 1, the thickness 126 of welding alloy layer 120 is not easy adjustment, control; And when using electrothermal module; This welding alloy layer 120 possibly make 120 fusion of welding alloy layer, and the pincers pressure of the electrothermal module 100 that is fixed extruded because the hot junction of electrothermal module is overheated; Pursuing of interfacial thickness 126 being taken place subtract phenomenon, and then causes thermoelectric material 142 and 144 to topple over, burst apart; Simultaneously, after 120 fusion of welding alloy layer, the metal electrode 114 of liquation contact periphery also can cause electrothermal module short circuit etc.Above-mentioned variety of problems, the integrity problem that all causes electrothermal module to be die-offed useful life.
To sum up, for conversion efficiency or the energy output that increases thermoelectric generating device, the running of high-temperature difference is a necessary condition.Therefore; Need a kind of electrothermal module at present badly, be not only in the process of making the assembling electrothermal module, control the thickness of welding alloy layer easily; Can be in response to the thermal stress damage of high temperature difference operation condition generation; The function that in the high temperature running, also has simultaneously stable welding alloy layer thickness, though the part fusion of welding alloy layer, thermoelectric material and electrode that still can stable engagement welding alloy layer two ends.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrothermal module and manufacturing approach thereof with stable welding alloy layer thickness; Mainly be in the welding alloy layer between metal electrode and thermoelectric material supporter to be set; Because the fusing point of supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature of welding alloy layer; Therefore can improve the manufacture craft yield of assembling electrothermal module except benefiting, and can improve the operational reliability of electrothermal module in order to keep welding alloy layer thickness minimum between metal electrode and thermoelectric material.
According to a first aspect of the invention, propose a kind of electrothermal module, it comprises:
One first substrate that is oppositely arranged and one second substrate;
A plurality of P types and N type thermoelectric material, and each thermoelectric material all has a upper surface and a lower surface, is arranged between this first substrate and this second substrate, wherein P type and the mutual arranged spaced of N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of first metal electrodes are between the lower surface of this first substrate and those P types and N type thermoelectric material, respectively in order to be electrically connected a thermoelectric material or to be electrically connected an adjacent P type and a N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of first welding alloy layers are respectively in order to engage those lower surfaces of those first metal electrodes and those P types and N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of second metal electrodes are between a plurality of upper surfaces of this second substrate and those P types and N type thermoelectric material, respectively in order to be electrically connected a thermoelectric material or to be electrically connected an adjacent P type and a N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of second welding alloy layers are respectively in order to engage those upper surfaces of those second metal electrodes and those P types and N type thermoelectric material; With
One supporter is positioned at one of them person place of those first welding alloy layers and those second welding alloy layers and also contacts with it, and the fusing point of this supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature at those one of them places of first and second welding alloies layer that contact this supporter.
According to a second aspect of the invention, propose a kind of manufacturing approach of electrothermal module, comprising:
One first substrate, one second substrate, a plurality of P type thermoelectric material and a plurality of N type thermoelectric material are provided, and each thermoelectric material all have a upper surface and a lower surface;
A plurality of first and second metal electrodes are provided, and one of them person has supporter towards the wherein surface of an end face of this thermoelectric material;
Those first and second metal electrodes are set between first substrate and second substrate, and are spaced those P types and N type thermoelectric material alternately, and be arranged between those first and second metal electrodes.The lower surface that connects those thermoelectric materials with those first metal electrodes; And the upper surface that connects with those second metal electrodes;
Provide a plurality of first welding alloy layers in the surface of those first metal electrodes; With provide a plurality of second welding alloy layers in the surface of those second metal electrodes; This supporter with contact with at least one welding alloy layer of those first and second welding alloy layers, and wherein the fusing point of this supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature of those first and second welding alloies layers; With
Assemble this first substrate, those first metal electrodes, those P types, N type thermoelectric material, those second metal electrodes and this second substrate; Make a plurality of lower surfaces of those first welding alloy layers those first metal electrodes of joint and those P types, N type thermoelectric material, make those second welding alloy layers engage those upper surfaces of those second metal electrodes and those P types and N type thermoelectric material.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, reintroduce a kind of manufacturing approach of electrothermal module, comprising:
One first substrate, one second substrate, a plurality of P type, N type thermoelectric material are provided; And each thermoelectric material all has a upper surface and a lower surface, a plurality of first and second metal electrodes, a paste welding material, a plurality of graininess supporter, and the fusing point of those graininess supporters is higher than the liquidus temperature after this paste solder metalization;
Mix these a plurality of graininess supporters and this paste welding material;
Be coated with this welding material that is mixed with a plurality of graininess supporters on a surface of those first and/or second metal electrodes; After heating, make and form a plurality of first welding alloy layers respectively in those first metal electrode places with form a plurality of second welding alloy layers in those second metal electrode places;
Those first and second metal electrodes are set between this first substrate and this second substrate; And those P types of mutual adjacent arrangement and N type thermoelectric material; And be arranged between those first and second metal electrodes, connect the lower surface of those thermoelectric materials with those first metal electrodes; And connect the upper surface of those thermoelectric materials with those second metal electrodes;
Assembling is also heated this first substrate, those first metal electrodes, those P types, N type thermoelectric material, those second metal electrodes and this second substrate; Make those first welding alloy layers that are scattered with those graininess supporters engage a plurality of lower surfaces of those first metal electrodes and those P types, N type thermoelectric material, and/or make those second welding alloy layers those second metal electrodes of joint of being scattered with those graininess supporters and those upper surfaces of those P types and N type thermoelectric material.
For letting the foregoing of the present invention can be more obviously understandable, hereinafter is special lifts embodiment, and cooperates appended graphicly, elaborates as follows:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of a traditional electrothermal module;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of the electrothermal module of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 A～Fig. 3 F is respectively the sketch map of the first～six kind of strip supporter bonding state of electrothermal module in the first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the sketch map of a kind of electrothermal module of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of the another kind of electrothermal module of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 A is the sketch map of a bonding state of graininess supporter and the metal electrode of electrothermal module in the second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 B is the sketch map of another bonding state of graininess supporter and the metal electrode of electrothermal module in the second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the sketch map of another bonding state of supporter and the metal electrode of an electrothermal module in the embodiment of the invention.
The main element symbol description
100,200,300,400: electrothermal module
112: ceramic wafer
114: metal electrode
120,63: the welding alloy layer
126: the thickness of welding alloy layer
142,242,342,442:P type thermoelectric material
144,244,344,444:N type thermoelectric material
211,311,411: the first substrates
212,312,412: the second substrates
214,314,414: the first metal electrodes
216,316,416: the second metal electrodes
314a, 414a: the surface of first metal electrode
216a, 316a, 416a: the surface of second metal electrode
221,321,421: the first welding alloy layers
222,322,422: the second welding alloy layers
240,340,440: thermoelectric material is right
284: the strip supporter
384,484: the graininess supporter
T: the height of strip supporter
T: the interface thickness of welding alloy layer
10,30,40,50,60,70,80,90: combination
12,22,32,42,52,62,72,82,92: the metal template
13,15,23,25: the strip conducting objects
14,24,34,44,54,64,74,83,84,93,94: supporter
16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86,96: the upper surface of metal template
35: groove
38: the lower surface of metal template
45,55: protuberance
61,65: metallic plate
Embodiment
The electrothermal module that embodiment proposed mainly is in the welding alloy layer between metal electrode and thermoelectric material supporter to be set, and the fusing point of supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature of welding alloy layer.Even the electrothermal module Yin Gaowen in the running and the situation of welding alloy layer fusion takes place; Under the supporting role of the inner supporter of welding alloy layer; Still can keep minimum at least welding alloy layer thickness; Avoid the alloy liquid of a large amount of fusions to be stressed out the problem of joint interface, and then improve the degree of operating reliably of electrothermal module.Wherein, the not special restriction of the shape of supporter can be the single application or the combination of strip, graininess, other shapes.
Below proposing first and second embodiment, with detailed description the present invention, but is not that the scope of desire protection of the present invention is done limit.Among first embodiment, with the usefulness that illustrates of strip supporter as supporter.Among second embodiment, with the usefulness that illustrates of graininess supporter as supporter.
< first embodiment >
Fig. 2 illustrates the sketch map according to the electrothermal module of first embodiment of the invention.Electrothermal module 200 comprises one first substrate 211 and one second substrate 212 that is oppositely arranged; A plurality of P type thermoelectric materials 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244; A plurality of first metal electrodes 214 and second metal electrode 216, a plurality of first welding alloy layers 221 and the second welding alloy layer 222, and supporter.In this embodiment, with strip supporter 284 as supporter.
Many thermoelectric material 240 is arranged between first substrate 211 and second substrate 212; Every pair of thermoelectric material 240 comprises a P type thermoelectric material 242 and a N type thermoelectric material 244 of electrical connection, and the N type thermoelectric material 244 of every pair of thermoelectric material and adjacent thermoelectric material to P type thermoelectric material 242 be electrically connected.Wherein, a plurality of first metal electrodes 214 are between the lower surface of first substrate 211 and P type thermoelectric material 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244, respectively in order to the P type thermoelectric material that is electrically connected every pair of thermoelectric material 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244.Wherein, A plurality of second metal electrodes 216 are between the upper surface of second substrate 212 and P type thermoelectric material 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244; Respectively in order to the P type thermoelectric material that is electrically connected adjacent two pairs of thermoelectric materials 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244, a P type thermoelectric material 242; And a N type thermoelectric material 244, the P type thermoelectric material 242 of the every pair of thermoelectric material that is electrically connected with a plurality of first metal electrodes 214 is electrically connected with N type thermoelectric material 244 each other.
Moreover the first welding alloy layer (like the welding alloy layer), 221 fusions also engage those first metal electrodes 214 and the lower surface of P type thermoelectric material 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244; And the second welding alloy layer (like the welding alloy layer) 222 fuses and engage those second metal electrodes 216 and the upper surface of P type thermoelectric material 242 and N type thermoelectric material 244.
Among the embodiment, strip supporter 284 is positioned at the second welding alloy layer 222 and contact with it, and the fusing point of strip supporter 284 is higher than the liquidus temperature of the second welding alloy layer, 222 material that contact supporter 284.During actual fabrication, can strip supporter 284 be arranged at the surperficial 216a place of second metal electrode 216 and contact with the second welding alloy layer 222.In one embodiment, the height of strip supporter 284 be about the place the second welding alloy layer 222 thickness 50%～100%; The height of strip supporter 284 is about 15 μ m～500 μ m.Therefore, strip supporter 284 for example is to contact with the upper surface of P type thermoelectric material 242 with N type thermoelectric material 244, and its contact for example is to be exposed to outside the second welding alloy layer 222 partly.
Though, only illustrating strip supporter 284 among Fig. 2 and be positioned at the second welding alloy layer 222, the present invention in another embodiment, also can be provided with strip supporter 284 in the first welding alloy layer 221 simultaneously not as limit.
Wherein, first substrate 211 and second substrate 212 for example are respectively the sheetings of a ceramic wafer and high heat conduction and electric insulation; Promptly be referred to as one with ceramic wafer and directly cover the cermet substrate and directly be engaged in lip-deep first metal electrode 214 of ceramic wafer (first substrate 211); And electric insulation sheeting (second substrate 212) only contacts second metal electrode 216, is not engaged with each other.
Wherein, first metal electrode 214 and second metal electrode 216 for example are the metallic plates of copper, aluminium, iron, nickel, cobalt etc. or its alloy etc., perhaps for example are the copper coin of nickel plating or the metallic plate that contains the coating processing of the aluminium sheet of nickel plating or zinc-plated iron plate etc.And strip supporter 284 for example is nichrome wire, nickel wire, nickel plating aluminum steel or nickel plated copper wire ... wait metal wire.Among one embodiment, the material of strip supporter 284 for example is the alloy of chosen from Fe, cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminium, titanium or those metals; And the surface of strip supporter 284 also optionally coating be selected from nickel, silver or tin etc. and help layer.
Moreover; In an embodiment; All or part of second metal electrode, 216 places of being fixed in of strip supporter 284 welding manners capable of using or plating mode or coating method; Or also can utilize the mode of twining metal wire to interfix each other, also can utilize the compound mode of welding, plating, coating, winding to be formed at second metal electrode, 216 places.
According to the electrothermal module 200 that embodiment proposed; The effect of the strip supporter 284 (for example several metal wires) through said fixing 216a on the surface of second metal electrode 216, the original interface thickness T of the second welding alloy layer 222 can be adjusted by the height t (the for example diameter of metal wire) of strip supporter 284 easily.Soft welding alloy layer can be easily by the plastic deformation of self (effect just as a cushion as); And thick more interface thickness T; The thermal stress that produces when helping more regulating electrothermal module 200 runnings avoids the thermoelectric material of relative fragility to receive thermal stress damage.In addition; Electrothermal module 200 in the above-mentioned running; Even the situation of fusion takes place the welding alloy layer (like the second welding alloy layer 222) in P type, N type thermoelectric material upper end, under the supporting role of the inner strip supporter 284 (for example many metal line) of the second welding alloy layer 222, still can keep last stable welding alloy layer thickness; Avoid fusing in a large number the problem that alloy liquid is stressed out weld interface, and then can improve the degree of operating reliably of electrothermal module 200.In other words, during electrothermal module 200 runnings, the height t of those strip supporters 284 has determined the minimum potential range between the second welding alloy layer 222 and P type and the N type thermoelectric material.
Moreover; Though among the embodiment as shown in Figure 2; Above a P type thermoelectric material 242 or a N type thermoelectric material 244, being formed at second metal electrode 216 with the strip supporter 284 of three dispersions is that example is done explanation; Thereby constituting a supporting plane, certain degree is brought into play the effect of supporting, and can avoid taking place the problem of above-mentioned reliability deterioration.But during practical application, the number of strip supporter 284 can required global design with electrothermal module according to application conditions require the suitable selection of do and distribute, and the present invention also seldom limits this.
Like the described electrothermal module 200 of embodiment, strip supporter 284 for example is a metal wire, also can be the pottery of plating metal on surface layer, in conjunction with metal electrode 216 for example be metallic plate.Moreover the metal electrode 214/216 non-tabular that only limits to also can be other shape.Strip supporter 284, closely contacts with metal electrode, afterwards through heating fusion processes, metallurgical, bond each other after also can making up with welding alloy layer material (welding alloy layer) except combining with metal electrode again.
Wherein several kinds of application states of strip supporter in the electrothermal module below are described, but the present invention is not restricted to this.The combination of metal electrode 216 and supporter 284 among Fig. 2 can be shown in Fig. 3 A～Fig. 3 F.Please with reference to Fig. 3 A～Fig. 3 F, it illustrates the sketch map according to the first～six kind of strip supporter bonding state of electrothermal module in the first embodiment of the invention respectively.
Shown in Fig. 3 A; Combination 10 is made up of 14 of the supporters of surface on 16 that a metal template 12 and is distributed in metal template 12, and wherein 14 of this supporters are to be woven by one group of horizontal a plurality of strip conducting objects 13 and one group of a plurality of longitudinally strip conducting objects 15 netted overlapping to form.In addition, supporter 14 also can be a wire netting.Laterally strip conducting objects 13 can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation with the material of longitudinal strip conducting objects 15; Can in advance it be fixed on the surface 16 of metal template 12 via the mode of part welding or welding comprehensively; Or utilize welding alloy layer (like the welding alloy layer 222 among Fig. 2), it is fixed between metal template 12 and the thermoelectric material (like P type among Fig. 2 and N type thermoelectric material 242,244).
Shown in Fig. 3 B; Combination 20 by a metal template 22 and be distributed in metal template 22 one surperficial 26 on 24 of supporters form, wherein 24 of supporters are to comprise: above one group of horizontal a plurality of strip conducting objects 23, one group of a plurality of longitudinally conducting objects 25 is set and forms.Likewise, strip conducting objects material can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation; Supporter 24 can be fixed in it on surface 26 of metal template 22 via the mode of part welding or welding comprehensively in advance; Or utilize welding alloy layer (like the welding alloy layer 222 among Fig. 2), it is fixed between metal template 12 and the thermoelectric material (like P type among Fig. 2 and N type thermoelectric material 242,244).
Shown in Fig. 3 C; Combination 30 comprises that a metal template 32 and is wrapped in this metal template 32 lip-deep conductivity strip supporters 34 (for example being a metal line); Wherein the upper surface 36 of metal template is towards the welding alloy layer (like the welding alloy layer 222 among Fig. 2) of electrothermal module, and conductivity strip supporter 34 is positioned within the welding alloy layer simultaneously; After the electrothermal module assembling, the surface of its supporter 34 also optionally contacts with the end face of thermoelectric material.Among Fig. 3 C, the lower surface 38 of metal template 30 is provided with a plurality of grooves 35, and the spacing that supporter 34 twines is fixed, and can make the lower surface 38 of metal template 30 keep evenness in addition.
Shown in Fig. 3 D, combination 40 by a metal template 42 and be distributed in metal template 42 one surperficial 46 on 44 of supporters form; Wherein supporter 44 is a plurality of strip conducting objects, and strip conducting objects material can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation.Simultaneously, the centre of metal template 42 has a protuberance 45 of Λ type, and protrusion direction is towards metal template surface 46.Certainly, protuberance 45 also can be Ω type or other shapes.After the electrothermal module assembling, protuberance 45 is towards the direction of thermoelectric material.Supporter 44 can be fixed in it on surface 46 of metal template 42 via the mode of part spot welding or seam comprehensively in advance; Or utilize welding alloy layer (like the welding alloy layer 222 among Fig. 2), it is fixed between metal template 42 and the thermoelectric material (like P type among Fig. 2 and N type thermoelectric material 242,244).
Shown in Fig. 3 E, combination 50 by a metal template 52 and be distributed in metal template 52 one surperficial 56 on 54 of supporters form; Wherein, 54 of supporters are a plurality of strip conducting objects, and its material can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation.Moreover the upper surface 56 of metal template 52 has the protuberance 55 of taper, and protuberance 55 for example utilizes impact style, and the metal template is embossed with shape.Protuberance 55 helps supporter 54 to put and fixing usefulness, the effect of the welding alloy layer thickness that also can tighten control simultaneously.Though the metal template that Fig. 3 E is given an example surface protuberance 55 be shaped as taper, the not special restriction of this shape can be different shapes such as taper shape, pyramid, cylindrical, corner post shape, spherical, oval shape, also all has above-mentioned effect.
Shown in Fig. 3 F, combination 60 by a metal template 62 and be distributed in metal template 62 one surperficial 66 on 64 of supporters form; Wherein, supporter 64 is a plurality of strip conducting objects, and its material can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation.In addition, metal template 62 is piled up by bilevel metallic plate 61 and 65 and forms, and in the middle of two metallic plates 61 and 65, sandwiches a welding alloy layer 63 simultaneously, and the fusing point of welding alloy layer 63 is lower than two metallic plates 61 and 65.Utilize the metallic plate 61 and 65 of multiple-level stack, middle and fill out with more low-melting welding alloy layer 63 as metal electrode, the thermal stress in the time of can reducing electrothermal module and use, and then the useful life of improving electrothermal module.Though the metal template 62 of the combination electrode 60 that Fig. 3 F is given an example is merely double-layer structure, yet experiment shows when the metal template has the sandwich construction more than two-layer, also to have identical effect.Therefore, the enforcement state of metal template does not limit the double-layer structure that is merely shown in Fig. 3 F.
< second embodiment >
Fig. 4 illustrates the sketch map according to a kind of electrothermal module of second embodiment of the invention.Different with the electrothermal module of first embodiment 200 is, the electrothermal module 300 of second embodiment with graininess supporter 384 as supporter.Moreover in the electrothermal module 300, the more piece shape P type thermoelectric material 342 and the more piece shape N type thermoelectric material 344 of cross arrangement are formed by P1 and P2, N1 and N2 thermoelectric material joint respectively.
Among Fig. 4; Electrothermal module 300 comprises one first substrate 311 and one second substrate 312 that is oppositely arranged; A plurality of nodular P type thermoelectric materials 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344; A plurality of first metal electrodes 314 and second metal electrode 316, a plurality of first welding alloy layers 321 and the second welding alloy layer 322 and graininess supporter 384.
Many thermoelectric material 340 is arranged between first substrate 311 and second substrate 312; Every pair of thermoelectric material 340 comprises a nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 and a nodular N type thermoelectric material 344 of electrical connection, and the nodular N type thermoelectric material 344 of every pair of thermoelectric material and adjacent thermoelectric material to nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 be electrically connected.Wherein, A plurality of first metal electrodes 314 are positioned between the lower surface (for example being radiating end) of first substrate 311 and nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344, respectively the nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344 in order to be electrically connected every pair of thermoelectric material.Wherein, A plurality of second metal electrodes 316 are positioned between the upper surface (for example being heat absorbing end) of second substrate 312 and nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344; Respectively in order to the nodular P type thermoelectric material that is electrically connected adjacent two pairs of thermoelectric materials 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344, a nodular P type thermoelectric material 342; And a N type thermoelectric material 344, the nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 of the every pair of thermoelectric material that is electrically connected with a plurality of first metal electrodes 314 is electrically connected with nodular N type thermoelectric material 344 each other.
Moreover the first welding alloy layer 321 engages the lower surface of those first metal electrodes 314 and nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344; And the second welding alloy layer 322 engages the upper surface of those second metal electrodes 316 and nodular P type thermoelectric material 342 and nodular N type thermoelectric material 344.
Among the embodiment, graininess supporter 384 intersperses among in the first welding alloy layer 321 and the second welding alloy layer 322.And graininess supporter 384 fusing points are higher than first, second welding alloy layer 321 that contacts supporter 384 and the liquidus temperature of 322 alloy materials.The shape of graininess supporter 384 for example is spherical shape, oval spherical, cylindric, cube or other erose granules.
In one embodiment, an average grain diameter of graininess supporter 384 is about first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 thickness about 30%～100% at place, and another embodiment about 30%～60%.In one embodiment, an average grain diameter of graininess supporter 384 is about 15 μ m～300 μ m, and another embodiment is about 15 μ m～100 μ m.In one embodiment, the ratio of the length over diameter of graininess supporter 384 (L/D) is between 1～10.Moreover the size of the graininess supporter 384 among the embodiment can be identical or different in fact.Though therefore illustrate the identical in fact graininess supporter 384 of size among Fig. 4, in an application examples, the graininess supporter also can comprise a plurality of first and second support particles of at least two kinds of different sizes.
Moreover; Be positioned at first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 though illustrate graininess supporter 384 among Fig. 4, the present invention is not as limit; If graininess supporter 384 is embedded in first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 wherein, also can have the effectiveness of support electrothermal module intensity.
Among the embodiment, first, second metal electrode 314,316 for example is the bare metal electrode, and material for example is the metallic plate of nickel plate or other simple metal or alloy.In one embodiment, the material of graininess supporter 384 for example is the particle of simple metal or alloy, like the alloy of chosen from Fe, cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminium, titanium or those metals.And the surface of graininess supporter 384 also optionally coating be selected from nickel, silver or tin etc. and help layer.First, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 for example is the ashbury metal layer.
Moreover; In one embodiment; Graininess supporter 384 welding manners capable of using or plating mode combine with first, second metal electrode 314,316; And then on joint (interior) surface of metal electrode, plate one again and pile up Sn/Ni/Sn coating (not shown), joint (interior) surface of metal electrode more is prone to and first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 joints.。
Moreover; Among the embodiment; The outer surface of first, second metal electrode 314,316 is naked 314a of metal, 316a; Be the electric series loop of protection electrothermal module 300, first substrate 311 and second substrate 212 for example are respectively the sheetings of high heat conduction and electric insulation, and naked the 314a of metal, the 316a that cover above-mentioned bare metal electrode are last.Except the sheeting of high heat conduction and electric insulation, in another embodiment, also can impose electric insulation coating layer at naked 314a of metal, the 316a place of first, second metal electrode 314,316.
In an embodiment, first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 for example is the ashbury metal layer.In another embodiment; First, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 also can be the welding alloy layer after different multiple layer metals piles up heating; For example be respectively the welding alloy layer that piles up after the heating of tin thin slice and nickel thin slice, or the welding alloy layer after tin thin slice and the heating of silver-colored thin slice.
According to the electrothermal module 300 that embodiment proposed, as shown in Figure 4, through the existence of above-mentioned graininess supporter 384, to control the original interface thickness T of first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322.Soft welding alloy layer can be easily by the plastic deformation of self (effect just as a cushion as); And thick more welding alloy bed boundary bond thickness T; The thermal stress that produces when helping more regulating electrothermal module 300 runnings avoids the thermoelectric material of relative fragility to receive thermal stress damage.Electrothermal module 300 in the running; Even the situation of fusion takes place in the welding alloy layer in P type, N type thermoelectric material upper end; Under the supporting role of graininess supporter 384; Still can keep last stable welding alloy layer thickness, reach and avoid fusing in a large number the effect that alloy liquid is stressed out weld interface, and then can improve the degree of operating reliably of electrothermal module 300.In other words, during electrothermal module 300 operation, the particle diameter of those graininess supporters 384 determined first, second welding alloy layer 321 and 322 and P type and N type thermoelectric material between a minimum potential range.
Make the graininess supporter 384 can be except above-mentioned with welding manner or plating mode with first, second metal electrode 314,316 combines; When practical application; Also can evenly mix this graininess supporter in a paste welding alloy material; Again the paste welding alloy material of blending graininess supporter is coated on the metal electrode, after the heating of metalization as the welding alloy layer.
Fig. 5 illustrates the sketch map according to the another kind of electrothermal module of second embodiment of the invention.
Similar; Electrothermal module 400 among Fig. 5 comprises one first substrate 411 and one second substrate 412 that is oppositely arranged; A plurality of P type thermoelectric materials 442 and N type thermoelectric material 444; A plurality of first metal electrodes 414 and second metal electrode 416, a plurality of first welding alloy layers 421 and the second welding alloy layer 422 and be dispersed in the graininess supporter 484 in the welding alloy layer.
Among Fig. 5, every pair of thermoelectric material 440 comprises a P type thermoelectric material 442 and a N type thermoelectric material 444, and is electrically connected through first metal electrode 414 (between the lower surface of first substrate 411 and P type thermoelectric material 442 and N type thermoelectric material 444).The N type thermoelectric material 444 of every pair of thermoelectric material is electrically connected with another adjacent P type thermoelectric material 442 to thermoelectric material through second metal electrode 416 (between the upper surface of second substrate 412 and P type thermoelectric material 442 and N type thermoelectric material 444).
Among Fig. 5, wherein, first substrate 411 and second substrate 412 for example are respectively the sheetings of a ceramic wafer and high heat conduction and electric insulation, and layer of metal bonded is on ceramic wafer.Promptly be commonly referred to as one and directly cover the cermet substrate and be engaged in ceramic wafer (first substrate 411) lip-deep first metal electrode and ceramic wafer.Among the embodiment; First metal electrode 414 and second metal electrode 416 plated with nickel, silver or tin etc. help the layer (not shown) again towards surperficial 414a, the 416a of the i.e. first welding alloy layer 421 and the second welding alloy layer 422; With the wetability between promotion welding alloy layer and metal electrode, and then promote the effect of welding between the two.
Related contents such as the setting of all the other each elements and material repeat no more at this please with reference to above-mentioned explanation.
During actual fabrication; Can be with graininess supporter 484 earlier with after the paste raw materials of this welding alloy layer be mixed; Coat the surface of first metal electrode 414 and second metal electrode 416; Through heating process, the interface of this first, second metal electrode of metallurgical, bond and P type thermoelectric material 442 and N type thermoelectric material 444.In one embodiment, graininess supporter 484 for example is the nickel particle or cuts nickel wire, and mixs up in advance in tin cream, coats then on the surface of first metal electrode 414 and second metal electrode 416.In addition, or be after being coated on tin cream on the surface of above-mentioned metal level, on above-mentioned coating tin paste layer, to place nickel wire or the nickel particle that cuts, the manufacture craft of passing through reflow at last, assembling electrothermal module 400.In one embodiment, the addition of graininess supporter 484 for example is the about 5vol%～50vol% of percent by volume that accounts for scolder, for example is the about 10vol% or the addition of other scope.
Following several kinds of application states of graininess supporter in the electrothermal module of explanation second embodiment, but the present invention is not restricted to this.
Please with reference to Fig. 6 A, illustrate sketch map according to a bonding state of the graininess supporter of electrothermal module in the second embodiment of the invention and metal electrode.Shown in Fig. 6 A, combination 70 is made up of 74 of the graininess supporters that a metal template 72 and is distributed on the surface 76 of metal template 72; Wherein, graininess supporter 74 is a plurality of spherical conducting objects, and its material can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation.Though the supporter 74 that Fig. 6 A gave an example is for spherical, other are graininess arbitrarily, also all has the effect of embodiment.Graininess supporter 74 among Fig. 6 A can be fixed in it on surface 76 of metal template 72 via part spot welding mode in advance; Or utilize welding alloy layer (like first and second welding alloy layer 321,322 among Fig. 4), it is fixed between metal template 62 and the thermoelectric material (for example thermoelectric material 442 and 444 among Fig. 4).
Please with reference to Fig. 6 B, illustrate sketch map according to another bonding state of the graininess supporter of electrothermal module in the second embodiment of the invention and metal electrode.Shown in Fig. 6 B, combination 80 by a metal template 82 and be distributed in metal template 82 one surperficial 86 on graininess supporter 83 and 84 form; Wherein, graininess supporter 83 and 84 is respectively two kinds of graininess conducting objects that differ in size, and its material can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation.Supporter 83 among the embodiment and 84 can be fixed in it on surface 86 of metal template 82 via part spot welding mode in advance; Or utilize welding alloy layer (like first and second welding alloy layer 321,322 among Fig. 4), it is fixed between metal template 82 and the thermoelectric material (for example thermoelectric material 442 and 444 among Fig. 4).Though Fig. 6 B only illustrates the supporter of two kinds of variable grain sizes, two kinds of above supporters of size also belong to applicable enforcement state.Moreover; Except the spot welding mode; Also can combine coating method on metal level, to form the supporter of variable grain size; For example be fixed on the surface 86 of metal template 82 with the supporter 84 of spot welding mode with large-size earlier, the scolder that will be mixed with undersized supporter 83 is again coated on the surface 86 of metal template 82, also belongs to one of applicable execution mode.
Though, among first embodiment with the strip supporter as supporter, among second embodiment with the graininess supporter as supporter, during practical application, supporter also can be the combination of a plurality of graininess and strip supporter, also has the identical effect of support.Fig. 7 illustrates the sketch map according to another bonding state of the supporter of an electrothermal module in the embodiment of the invention and metal electrode.As shown in Figure 7, combination 90 is made up of supporter 93 and 94 that a metal template 92 and is distributed on the surface 96 of metal template 92; Wherein, supporter 93 is the graininess conducting objects, and 94 of supporters are one group of strip conducting objects, and the material of graininess and strip conducting objects 93,94 can be the metal or the pottery of surface metalation.Supporter 93 and 94 can be fixed in it on surface 96 of metal template 92 via part spot welding mode in advance, or utilizes the welding alloy layer of electrothermal module that it is fixed between metal template 92 and the thermoelectric material; Or can combine welding and coating method respectively strip conducting objects 94 to be welded on the metal template 92, and coat on the surface 96 of metal template 92 with the scolder that coating method will be mixed with graininess conducting objects 93, one of applicable execution mode all belonged to.
To sum up, embodiment provides the electrothermal module with stable welding alloy layer thickness, between the P type thermoelectric material of wherein a plurality of metal electrodes and electricity series connection, the N type thermoelectric material a plurality of supporters (like strip, graininess or its combination) is set.Because the fusing point of this supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature of welding alloy layer, therefore can be in order to keeping welding alloy layer thickness minimum between metal electrode and thermoelectric material, and then promote the degree of operating reliably of electrothermal module, increase the useful life of electrothermal module.
In sum, though combine above embodiment to disclose invention, it is not in order to limit the present invention.Have common knowledge the knowledgeable in the technical field under the present invention, do not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can do various changes and retouching.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should with the claim of enclosing the person of being defined be as the criterion.
Claims (35)
1. electrothermal module comprises:
First substrate that is oppositely arranged and second substrate;
A plurality of thermoelectric materials comprise P type and N type thermoelectric material, and each thermoelectric material all has upper surface and lower surface, are arranged between this first substrate and this second substrate, wherein P type and the mutual arranged spaced of N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of first metal electrodes are between the lower surface of this first substrate and those P types and N type thermoelectric material, respectively in order to be electrically connected a thermoelectric material or to be electrically connected an adjacent P type and a N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of first welding alloy layers are respectively in order to engage those lower surfaces of those first metal electrodes and those P types and N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of second metal electrodes are between a plurality of upper surfaces of this second substrate and those P types and N type thermoelectric material, respectively in order to be electrically connected a thermoelectric material or to be electrically connected an adjacent P type and a N type thermoelectric material;
A plurality of second welding alloy layers are respectively in order to engage those upper surfaces of those second metal electrodes and those P types and N type thermoelectric material; With
Supporter is positioned at one of them person place of those first welding alloy layers and those second welding alloy layers and also contacts with it, and the fusing point of this supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature at those one of them places of first and second welding alloies layer that contact this supporter.
2. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 1, wherein this supporter is a plurality of strip supporters.
3. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 2; Wherein those strip supporters are arranged at those first metal electrodes and one of them person's of those second metal electrodes surface, and are positioned at those corresponding first welding alloy layers and those second welding alloy layers one of them person at least.
4. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 2; Wherein those strip supporters are arranged at those first metal electrodes and one of them person's of those second metal electrodes surface; Part also is positioned at those corresponding first welding alloy layers and those second welding alloy layers one of them person at least, and part is exposed to outside those first or second welding alloy layers.
5. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 3, wherein those strip supporters contact with one of them person of those lower surfaces with those upper surfaces of those P types and N type thermoelectric material.
6. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 5, wherein those strip supporters are exposed to outside those first or second welding alloy layers with those upper surfaces of those P types, N type thermoelectric material or the part that those lower surfaces contact.
7. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 2, wherein the height of those strip supporters be about the place those first or second welding alloy layers thickness 50%～100%.
8. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 2, wherein the height of those strip supporters is about 15 μ m～500 μ m.
9. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 1, wherein this supporter is a plurality of graininess supporters.
10. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 9, wherein those graininess supporters are embedded in those first welding alloy layers and those second welding alloy layers one of them person at least.
11. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 9, wherein those graininess supporters intersperse among those first welding alloy layers and those second welding alloy layers at least in one of them person.
12. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 9, wherein the particle diameter of those graininess supporters be about the place those first or second welding alloy layers thickness 30%～100%.
13. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 9, wherein the particle diameter of those graininess supporters is about 15 μ m～300 μ m.
14. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ratio of the length over diameter of those graininess supporters is between 1～10.
15. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 9, wherein those graininess supporters comprise a plurality of first and second support particles of at least two kinds of different sizes.
16. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 1, wherein this supporter comprises the combination of a plurality of strip supporters and a plurality of graininess supporters.
17. electrothermal module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of this supporter is the pottery of metal or surface metalation.
18. the manufacturing approach of an electrothermal module comprises:
One first substrate, one second substrate, a plurality of P type thermoelectric material and a plurality of N type thermoelectric material are provided, and each thermoelectric material all have upper surface and lower surface;
A plurality of first and second metal electrodes are provided, and one of them person has supporter towards the wherein surface of an end face of this thermoelectric material;
Those first and second metal electrodes are set between first substrate and second substrate, and are spaced those P types and N type thermoelectric material alternately, and be arranged between those first and second metal electrodes.The lower surface that connects those thermoelectric materials with those first metal electrodes; And the upper surface that connects with those second metal electrodes;
Provide a plurality of first welding alloy layers in the surface of those first metal electrodes; With provide a plurality of second welding alloy layers in the surface of those second metal electrodes; At least one welding alloy layer of first and second welding alloy layer of this supporter and those contacts, and wherein the fusing point of this supporter is higher than the liquidus temperature of those first and second welding alloies layers; With
Assemble this first substrate, those first metal electrodes, those P types, N type thermoelectric material, those second metal electrodes and this second substrate; Make a plurality of lower surfaces of those first welding alloy layers those first metal electrodes of joint and those P types, N type thermoelectric material, make those second welding alloy layers engage those upper surfaces of those second metal electrodes and those P types and N type thermoelectric material.
19. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 18, wherein this supporter is a plurality of strip supporters, and has at least a welding alloy layer to have this strip supporter among those first and second welding alloies layers.
20. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 18, wherein those strip supporters are formed at those first and second surface of metal electrode places with the mode of welding, plating, coating, winding or its combination.
21. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 18, wherein one of them person of those first and second metal electrodes respectively has a plurality of grooves in the surface of those thermoelectric material end faces dorsad, in order to fixing those strip supporters.
22. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 18, wherein the height of those strip supporters be about the place those first or second welding alloy layers thickness 50%～100%.
23. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 18, wherein the height of those strip supporters is about 15 μ m～500 μ m.
24. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 18, wherein those supporters are a plurality of graininess supporters, and those first and second welding alloies layers wherein have at least a welding alloy layer to have this graininess supporter.
25. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 24, wherein those graininess supporters are formed at those first and second metal electrodes places with the mode of welding, plating, coating or its combination.
26. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 24, wherein the particle diameter of those graininess supporters be about the place those first or second welding alloy layers thickness 30%～100%.
27. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 24, wherein the particle diameter of those graininess supporters is about 15 μ m～300 μ m.
28. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 24, wherein the ratio of the length over diameter of those graininess supporters is between 1～10.
29. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 24, wherein those graininess supporters comprise a plurality of first and second support particles of at least two kinds of different sizes.
30. the manufacturing approach of an electrothermal module comprises:
One first substrate, one second substrate, a plurality of P type, N type thermoelectric material are provided; And each thermoelectric material all has upper surface and lower surface, a plurality of first and second metal electrodes, a paste welding material, a plurality of graininess supporter, and the fusing point of those graininess supporters is higher than the liquidus temperature after this paste solder metalization;
Mix these a plurality of graininess supporters and this paste welding material;
Be coated with this welding material that is mixed with a plurality of graininess supporters on a surface of those first and/or second metal electrodes; After heating, make and form a plurality of first welding alloy layers respectively in those first metal electrode places with form a plurality of second welding alloy layers in those second metal electrode places;
Those first and second metal electrodes are set between this first substrate and this second substrate; And those P types of mutual adjacent arrangement and N type thermoelectric material; And be arranged between those first and second metal electrodes, connect the lower surface of those thermoelectric materials with those first metal electrodes; And connect the upper surface of those thermoelectric materials with those second metal electrodes;
Assembling is also heated this first substrate, those first metal electrodes, those P types, N type thermoelectric material, those second metal electrodes and this second substrate; Make those first welding alloy layers that are scattered with those graininess supporters engage a plurality of lower surfaces of those first metal electrodes and those P types, N type thermoelectric material, and/or make those second welding alloy layers those second metal electrodes of joint of being scattered with those graininess supporters and those upper surfaces of those P types and N type thermoelectric material.
31. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 30, wherein those graininess supporters account for the 5vol%～50vol% of this scolder.
32. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 30, wherein the particle diameter of those graininess supporters be about those first or second welding alloy layers thickness 30%～100%.
33. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 30, wherein the particle diameter of those graininess supporters is about 15 μ m～300 μ m.
34. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 30, wherein the ratio of the length over diameter of those graininess supporters is between 1～10.
35. manufacturing approach as claimed in claim 30, wherein those graininess supporters comprise a plurality of first and second support particles of at least two kinds of different sizes.
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| CN108780835A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-11-09 | 株式会社渥美精机 | Thermo-electric conversion module and thermoelectric conversion element |
| CN108780835B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2022-04-19 | 株式会社渥美精机 | Thermoelectric conversion module and thermoelectric conversion element |
| CN112186093A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-05 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Thermoelectric module and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN114527667A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-24 | 深圳热电新能源科技有限公司 | Thermoelectric constant-temperature household equipment and method for controlling same |
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