CN102568808A - Cold-heat circulation aging treatment method for increasing magnetic stability of permanent magnets - Google Patents
Cold-heat circulation aging treatment method for increasing magnetic stability of permanent magnets Download PDFInfo
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- CN102568808A CN102568808A CN2012100177290A CN201210017729A CN102568808A CN 102568808 A CN102568808 A CN 102568808A CN 2012100177290 A CN2012100177290 A CN 2012100177290A CN 201210017729 A CN201210017729 A CN 201210017729A CN 102568808 A CN102568808 A CN 102568808A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold-heat circulation aging treatment method for increasing magnetic stability of permanent magnets. The method comprises the following steps of: putting one or more permanent magnets magnetized in a saturated manner on a non-magnetic bottom plate; then putting in a high-low temperature chamber, and freezing at minus 70 DEG C to minus 20 DEG C for 30-120 min; then, heating the high-low temperature chamber to 60-250 DEG C at the temperature increasing rate of 1-10 DEG C/min, and keeping the temperature for 30-240 min; and finally, naturally cooling to room temperature, and completing cold-heat circulation aging treatment. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, total loss, irreversible loss, reversible loss and reversible temperature coefficients when temperature of the permanent magnets is changed can be effectively eliminated or reduced; and heat stability, time stability, magnetic stability and radiation-resistant magnetic stability of the permanent magnets under a vibration condition can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the permanent magnet technical field, be specifically related to a kind of cold cycling ageing method that improves permanent magnet magnetic stability.
Background technology
People hope that permanent magnet and the magnetic of permanent magnetism device under environmental conditions such as certain service time, vibrations, counter magnetic field, high low temperature, energy-ray, height above sea level variation stablizes constant as far as possible; If magnetic field is unstable, will influence sensitivity, precision, stability and the reliability of device.Thereby ensure that magnetic property good stable property is that our ultimate pursues one's goal.
Reality is; The magnetic of permanent magnet and permanent magnetism device thereof in use more or less can change; This variation is divided into reversible variation and irreversible change, and so-called reversible variation refers to magnetic and changes with environmental condition, and magnetic also is restored when recovering original environmental condition; Irreversible change refers to magnetic and changes with environmental condition, even recover original environmental condition, magnetic also can't be recovered, always and generally present relaxation phenomenon.
And the permanent magnetic material on the market now, because magnetic can change with temperature, the magnetic flux density when temperature raises in the working gas gap can reduce, and along with the reduction of temperature, the magnetic flux density in the working gas gap can raise again, and the operating temperature range of permanent magnet is narrow.On the other hand; Permanent magnet is every through the process of the high low temperature of Dong Xia or laden stops etc. for example; Be easy to occur the irreversible change of magnetic, do not carry out the permanent magnet of any burin-in process usually, high low temperature loop ends for the first time; This irreversible change can reach 5%, and magnetic also can continue decay later on.This obviously is inapplicable for the instrument and meter, wave detector, high-precision sensor, magnetic resonance imaging system and the military aviation space flight magnetic device that require accurately metering.
In order to guarantee that permanent magnet has good stable property and reliability, the convention of prior art is permanent magnet to be carried out heat tracing handle, after perhaps assembling is accomplished; Permanent magnet inserted in the closed room heat; Be 24～48 hours heating time, when temperature reaches 35 ℃～48 ℃, carries out constant temperature; And be incubated 24 hours, naturally cool to room temperature at last.Through such burin-in process, can eliminate the inner tissue of a part of permanent magnet and the unstable structure of magnetic domain, but still insufficient, cause also can occurring in the use of magnetic device the variation of magnetic property.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to above-mentioned prior art, and a kind of cold cycling ageing method that improves permanent magnet magnetic stability is provided.Total losses, irreversible loss, reversible loss and reversible temperature coefficient when permanent magnet variations in temperature in the use can effectively eliminated or reduce to this method; Improve the thermal stability and the permanent magnet time stability of permanent magnet; Improve magnetic stability under the permanent magnet vibration condition, improve permanent magnet radiation hardness magnetic stability.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of cold cycling ageing method that improves permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that this method is: with one or more on the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes places not the magnetic conduction base plate; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber; Be freezing processing 30min～120min under-70 ℃～-20 ℃ the condition in temperature, then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber be heated to 60 ℃～250 ℃ with the heating rate of 1 ℃/min～10 ℃/min, and insulation 30min～240min; Naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish the cold cycling burin-in process.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability; It is characterized in that; Being spaced apart more than 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet in a plurality of said permanent magnets between the two adjacent permanent magnets, wherein direction of magnetization length is meant the length of permanent magnet along the direction of magnetization.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that, the temperature of said freezing processing is in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet below the minimum temperature 10 ℃, and the time of freezing processing is 60min.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that, the temperature of said heating is above 10 ℃ an of maximum temperature in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet, and temperature retention time is 60min.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that, in said heating and the insulating process in high-low temperature chamber feeding nitrogen or argon gas make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 2%; The quality purity of said nitrogen and argon gas all is not less than 98%.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that, in said heating and the insulating process high-low temperature chamber is vacuumized processing.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that the said vacuum degree that vacuumizes processing is 0.01Pa～1000Pa.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability is characterized in that, repeats said cold cycling burin-in process 1～3 time.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability; It is characterized in that; Repeat freezing processing temperature in 1～3 process of said cold cycling burin-in process and be in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet below the minimum temperature 10 ℃, the freezing processing time is 120min.
The cold cycling ageing method of above-mentioned raising permanent magnet magnetic stability; It is characterized in that; Repeat heating-up temperature in 1～3 process of said cold cycling burin-in process and be in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet above 10 ℃ of maximum temperature, temperature retention time is 120min.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, cold cycling ageing method technology of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, easy to implement.
Total losses, irreversible loss, reversible loss and reversible temperature coefficient when 2, adopting ageing method of the present invention can effectively eliminate or reduce permanent magnet variations in temperature in the use; Improve the thermal stability and the permanent magnet time stability of permanent magnet; Improve magnetic stability under the permanent magnet vibration condition, improve the radiation hardness magnetic stability.
3, ageing method of the present invention can be stablized the permanent magnet magnetic domain, eliminates because the magnetic that the domain structure instability causes changes.
4, ageing method of the present invention can be eliminated the permanent magnet internal stress, stablizes the permanent magnet tissue.
5, ageing method of the present invention can be eliminated non-linear on the permanent magnet demagnetization curve, and permanent magnet load line working point is operated on the recoil line.
Through embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description below.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-60 ℃～140 ℃ N35SH permanent magnet:
Saturated the magnetizing of iron boron N35SH permanent magnet with 50 D4mm * 20mm axial magnetized will place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes, and keep being spaced apart 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet between the two adjacent permanent magnets; Specifically be spaced apart 100mm; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 60min under-70 ℃ the condition in temperature, then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 150 ℃ with the heating rate of 5 ℃/min; And insulation 60min; Naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish one time the cold cycling burin-in process, take out permanent magnet.
Embodiment 2
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-60 ℃～200 ℃ N35EH permanent magnet:
With 20 D4mm * 20mm along saturated the magnetizing of the magnetized cylinder type neodymium iron boron N35EH of diametric(al) permanent magnet; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; And be spaced apart 10 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet between the maintenance two adjacent permanent magnets, specifically be spaced apart 200mm, then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber; In temperature freezing processing 30min under-60 ℃ the condition; Then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 250 ℃ and be incubated 30min, in high-low temperature chamber, feeds quality purity in the time of heating and insulation and be not less than 98% nitrogen (or argon gas) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 2%, naturally cool to room temperature at last with the heating rate of 10 ℃/min; Accomplish one time the cold cycling burin-in process, take out permanent magnet.
Embodiment 3
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-10 ℃～50 ℃ N35 permanent magnet:
Saturated the magnetizing of cylinder type neodymium iron boron N35 permanent magnet with 15 L/D=0.7; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; And be spaced apart 8 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet between the maintenance two adjacent permanent magnets, then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 120min under-20 ℃ the condition in temperature; Then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 60 ℃ with the heating rate of 1 ℃/min; And insulation 240min, in the time of heating and insulation high-low temperature chamber being evacuated to vacuum degree is 0.01Pa～1000Pa, naturally cools to room temperature at last; Accomplish one time the cold cycling burin-in process, take out permanent magnet.
Embodiment 4
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-60 ℃～240 ℃ N30AH permanent magnet:
With saturated magnetizing of neodymium iron boron N30AH permanent magnet that is of a size of 90mm * 55mm * 25mm; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber; Be freezing processing 60min under-70 ℃ the condition in temperature, then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber be heated to 250 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and insulation 60min; Naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish one time the cold cycling burin-in process; Repeat above-mentioned cold cycling burin-in process once, permanent magnet is taken out in the cooling back.
Embodiment 5
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-10 ℃～140 ℃ N42SH permanent magnet:
With saturated magnetizing of neodymium iron boron N42SH permanent magnet that is of a size of 90mm * 55mm * 25mm; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 30min under-50 ℃ the condition in temperature, then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 150 ℃ with the heating rate of 5 ℃/min; And insulation 30min; In the time of heating and insulation high-low temperature chamber being evacuated to vacuum degree is 0.01Pa～1000Pa, naturally cools to room temperature at last, accomplishes one time the cold cycling burin-in process; Freezing processing 120min under-20 ℃ the condition with the permanent magnet after burin-in process in temperature; With the heating rate of 5 ℃/min the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 150 ℃ then; And insulation 120min, in the time of heating and insulation high-low temperature chamber being evacuated to vacuum degree is 0.01Pa～1000Pa, naturally cools to room temperature at last; Accomplish secondary cold cycling burin-in process, take out permanent magnet.
Embodiment 6
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-10 ℃～50 ℃ N48 permanent magnet:
Saturated the magnetizing of cylinder type neodymium iron boron N48 permanent magnet with 50 D4mm * 20mm; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; And be spaced apart 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet between the maintenance two adjacent permanent magnets; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 120min under-20 ℃ the condition in temperature, then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 60 ℃ with the heating rate of 1 ℃/min; And insulation 240min; In heating and insulation time, feed quality purity and be not less than 98% argon gas (or nitrogen) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 0.5% in high-low temperature chamber, naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplishes one time the cold cycling burin-in process; Freezing processing 30min under-40 ℃ the condition with the permanent magnet after burin-in process in temperature; With the heating rate of 1 ℃/min the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 60 ℃ then; And insulation 240min, in heating and insulation time, feed quality purity and be not less than 98% argon gas (or nitrogen) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 0.5% in high-low temperature chamber, naturally cool to room temperature at last; Accomplish secondary cold cycling burin-in process, take out permanent magnet.
Embodiment 7
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-60 ℃～140 ℃ N35SH permanent magnet:
Saturated the magnetizing of cylinder type neodymium iron boron N35SH permanent magnet with 50 D4mm * 20mm; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; And be spaced apart 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet between the maintenance two adjacent permanent magnets; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 60min under-70 ℃ the condition in temperature, then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 150 ℃ with the heating rate of 5 ℃/min; And insulation 60min; In heating and insulation time, feed quality purity and be not less than 98% argon gas (or nitrogen) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 2% in high-low temperature chamber, naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplishes one time the cold cycling burin-in process; Freezing processing 120min under-70 ℃ the condition with the permanent magnet after burin-in process in temperature; With the heating rate of 5 ℃/min the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 150 ℃ then; And insulation 120min; In heating and insulation time, feed quality purity and be not less than 98% argon gas (or nitrogen) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 0.5% in high-low temperature chamber; Naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish secondary cold cycling burin-in process, repeat secondary cold cycling burin-in process and once take out permanent magnet in the back.
Embodiment 8
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-10 ℃～240 ℃ N35AH permanent magnet:
Saturated the magnetizing of cylinder type neodymium iron boron N35AH permanent magnet with 50 D4mm * 20mm; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; And be spaced apart 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet between the maintenance two adjacent permanent magnets, then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 120min under-20 ℃ the condition in temperature; Then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 250 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 ℃/min; And insulation 30min, in the time of heating and insulation high-low temperature chamber being evacuated to vacuum degree is 0.01Pa～1000Pa, naturally cools to room temperature at last; Accomplish one time the cold cycling burin-in process, repeat to take out permanent magnet after cold cycling burin-in process three times.
Embodiment 9
Serviceability temperature is the burin-in process of-10 ℃～140 ℃ N40SH permanent magnet:
With saturated magnetizing of neodymium iron boron N40SH permanent magnet that is of a size of 90mm * 55mm * 25mm; To place on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate through the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber; In temperature freezing processing 30min under-40 ℃ the condition; Then the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 180 ℃, and insulation 30min, in high-low temperature chamber, feeds quality purity in the time of heating and insulation and be not less than 98% nitrogen (or argon gas) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 0.5% with the heating rate of 1 ℃/min; Naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish one time the cold cycling burin-in process; Freezing processing 30min under-50 ℃ the condition with the permanent magnet after burin-in process in temperature; With the heating rate of 1 ℃/min the temperature of high-low temperature chamber is heated to 160 ℃ then; And insulation 30min; In heating and insulation time, feed quality purity and be not less than 98% nitrogen (or argon gas) and make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 0.5% in high-low temperature chamber; Naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish secondary cold cycling burin-in process, repeat twice back of secondary cold cycling burin-in process and take out permanent magnet.
Embodiment 10
Adopt conventional roasting mode that the cylinder type neodymium iron boron N35SH permanent magnet of L/D=0.7 is handled; 15 saturated magnetizing of permanent magnet are placed on non-magnetic copper, aluminium or the austenite stainless steel sole plate; And the distance between the maintenance two adjacent permanent magnets is not less than 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet; Then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into baking oven, be baking 1 hour under 150 ℃ the condition in temperature, take out after naturally cooling to room temperature.
Thermal stability, long-time stability and the vibration resistance stability of the permanent magnet after L/D=0.7 cylinder type neodymium iron boron N35SH permanent magnet and the embodiment 1 to embodiment 10 that the present invention does not do any processing after to saturated magnetizing handles detect, and detection method is:
One, heat stability test
The magnetic flux
of at first measuring permanent magnet to be detected under the room temperature (20 ℃) places permanent magnet on the non-magnetic corrosion resistant plate then; Be heated to 150 ℃ of bakings 1 hour; The magnetic flux
of measuring 150 ℃ of following permanent magnets and then cuts off the power supply and naturally cools to room temperature (20 ℃); Measure the reversible temperature coefficient α of the magnetic flux
of permanent magnet again, calculate the irreversible loss β of permanent magnet behind overbaking according to formula (2) according to formula (1) calculating permanent magnet; The result sees table 1.
Δ T is the difference of baking temperature and room temperature in the formula (1).
Two, long-time stability detects
The magnetic flux
of at first measuring permanent magnet to be detected under the room temperature (20 ℃) places permanent magnet on the non-magnetic corrosion resistant plate then; Do not have to place 365 days in the natural environment of air-conditioning and heating installation in the Xi'an; Through after winter-15 ℃ to 41 ℃ of summers and the test for a long time; The magnetic flux
of 20 ℃ of following permanent magnets of test room temperature calculates permanent magnet through the irreversible loss β after placing for a long time according to formula (2), and the result sees table 1.
Three, vibration resistance Detection of Stability
The magnetic flux
of at first measuring permanent magnet to be detected under the room temperature (20 ℃) is broken to prevent permanent magnet with the elastomeric material parcel with permanent magnet then; It is 50Hz that permanent magnet behind the parcel is placed on vibration frequency; Carry out 24 hours vibration tests in the vibration edging machine of the about 3mm～6mm of amplitude; Shut down then and return to 20 ℃ of room temperatures; The magnetic flux
of test permanent magnet calculates permanent magnet through the irreversible loss β after vibrating according to formula (2), and the result sees table 1.
The thermal stability of table 1 permanent magnet, long-time stability and vibration resistance Detection of Stability result
Can find out from table 1; Adopt method of the present invention effectively to eliminate or total losses, irreversible loss, reversible loss and reversible temperature coefficient when reducing the permanent magnet variations in temperature; Improve the thermal stability and the permanent magnet time stability of permanent magnet, improve magnetic stability under the permanent magnet vibration condition.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any restriction, every according to inventing technical spirit to any simple modification, change and equivalent structure variation that above embodiment did, all still belong in the protection range of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is improved the stable cold cycling ageing method of permanent magnet magnetic; It is characterized in that; This method is: with one or more on the saturated permanent magnet that magnetizes places not the magnetic conduction base plate, then with permanent magnet and not the magnetic conduction base plate together put into high-low temperature chamber, be freezing processing 30min～120min under-70 ℃～-20 ℃ the condition in temperature; Then with the heating rate of 1 ℃/min～10 ℃/min with 60 ℃～250 ℃ of the temperature heating of high-low temperature chamber; And insulation 30min～240min, naturally cool to room temperature at last, accomplish the cold cycling burin-in process.
2. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic stability according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Being spaced apart more than 5 times of direction of magnetization length of permanent magnet in a plurality of said permanent magnets between the two adjacent permanent magnets, wherein direction of magnetization length is meant the length of permanent magnet along the direction of magnetization.
3. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic according to claim 1 stability is characterized in that, the temperature of said freezing processing is in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet below the minimum temperature 10 ℃, and the time of freezing processing is 60min.
4. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic according to claim 1 stability is characterized in that, the temperature of said heating is above 10 ℃ an of maximum temperature in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet, and temperature retention time is 60min.
5. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic according to claim 1 stability is characterized in that, in said heating and the insulating process in high-low temperature chamber feeding nitrogen or argon gas make the mass concentration of oxygen in the high-low temperature chamber not be higher than 2%; The quality purity of said nitrogen and argon gas all is not less than 98%.
6. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic stability according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said heating and the insulating process high-low temperature chamber is vacuumized processing.
7. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic stability according to claim 6 is characterized in that the said vacuum degree that vacuumizes processing is 0.01Pa～1000Pa.
8. according to the cold cycling ageing method of the described raising permanent magnet magnetic stability of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, repeat said cold cycling burin-in process 1～3 time.
9. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic stability according to claim 8; It is characterized in that; Repeat freezing processing temperature in 1～3 process of said cold cycling burin-in process and be in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet below the minimum temperature 10 ℃, the freezing processing time is 120min.
10. the cold cycling ageing method of raising permanent magnet magnetic stability according to claim 8; It is characterized in that; Repeat heating-up temperature in 1～3 process of said cold cycling burin-in process and be in the extreme serviceability temperature of permanent magnet above 10 ℃ of maximum temperature, temperature retention time is 120min.
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