CN1025671C - Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and its preparation method - Google Patents
Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1025671C CN1025671C CN90105012A CN90105012A CN1025671C CN 1025671 C CN1025671 C CN 1025671C CN 90105012 A CN90105012 A CN 90105012A CN 90105012 A CN90105012 A CN 90105012A CN 1025671 C CN1025671 C CN 1025671C
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- bicarbonate
- ammonia
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- ammonium bicarbonate
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a chemical fertilizer, namely long-acting ammonium bicarbonate, and a preparation method thereof. The present invention is characterized in that ammonium bicarbonate is added with a small quantity of gleyzation solidifying agent and nitrate reductase inhibitor to form a eutectic crystal or a mixture, and the preparation process is improved by using the production technology of ammonium bicarbonate. The utilization rate of nitrogen can be increased by 25 to 30% by the fertilizer, the time of fertilizer effect can be extended by 40 to 60 days, and the fertilizing amount is reduced by 20 to 30%. The fertilizing method can be changed from top dressing into the base fertilizer before sowing, and the working procedure of top dressing is omitted. The fertilizer has obvious effect of increase in yield, and the amplitude of increase in yield is more than 10%.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical fertilizer " long-acting ammonium bicarbonate " and preparation method thereof.
Ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer is as a kind of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and it is applicable to various soil and crop, and fertilizer efficiency is fast, and soil is not had acidification.But this fertilizer also has its shortcoming, and is high and have under the situation that moisture content exists in temperature, decomposes easily, and generally the nitrogen utilization efficiency of this fertilizer only has 25-35%, and fertilizer efficiency period is short, only has 30-40 days.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly for overcoming the shortcoming that ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer exists, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogen, prolong fertilizer efficiency period, preparing a kind of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer.
We know that the many forms with ammonia-state nitrogen of middle nitrogen manure that are manured into soil enter soil, effect through the acid of soil nitrate reductase is converted into nitric nitrogen, nitric nitrogen is easily utilized by plant absorbing, but often owing to transform too fast, accumulation too much, plant fails to absorb, and because of leaching and denitrification are run off nitrogen in a large number, causes waste.Ammonium hydrogencarbonate is owing to its soluble in water and decomposes, and this eluviation is just more obvious, therefore for the nitrogen in the soil behind the maintenance chemical fertilizer application, just must control the ammonia-state nitrogen in the soil effectively, suppresses denitrification simultaneously.Feature of the present invention is the additive that adds an amount of latent curing agent and nitrate reductase inhibitor composition in ammonium hydrogen carbonate, makes bicarbonate of ammonia have fertilizer efficiency in remaining between longer-term.The latent curing agent that is adopted is DCD(N for example
4H
4C
2) Dyhard RU 100, dicyclohexyl amine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, benzyl cyanide or triacetin, the nitrate reductase inhibitor that is adopted, for example: N-methyl-p-nitroaniline, 2-chloropyridine, 3-acetyl are for chloroaniline, N-Nitrosodimethylamine, Sulphathiazole or DCD(N
4H
4C
2) Dyhard RU 100.Bicarbonate of ammonia becomes eutectic with a certain amount of latent curing agent or is mixed into granulo-fertilizer through fully with nitrate reductase inhibitor.Preferable compound is a Dyhard RU 100 in above-mentioned incobation solidifying agent and nitrate reductase acid inhibitor, to call DCD in the following text.
DCD is a kind of latent curing agent, is again a kind of nitrate reductase inhibitor simultaneously, and its molecular formula is N
4H
4C
2, it is the white crystals body, is slightly soluble in water, ethanol and the ammonia solution, itself is a kind of slow nitrogenous fertilizer, can resolve into urea at last with the water reaction, and is harmless to soil and plant.In bicarbonate of ammonia, added latent curing agent DCD, then increased soil NH
4Anionic absorption solidification effect reduces volatilization loss.Simultaneously because DCD is again a kind of nitrate reductase inhibitor, ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer adds DCD, the reaction that can make the middle ammonia-state nitrogen that is manured into soil be converted into nitric nitrogen is interrupted or is slowed down, promptly reduce the loss of nitrogen in the leaching of nitric nitrogen and the soil that denitrification causes, can improve chemical fertilizer again underground contaminated water source.
But the amount of contained additive must be an amount of in bicarbonate of ammonia, the amount of additive is (＞1%) too much, though can effectively maintain in the soil the nitrogen in to fertilize, but can be reduced by the ammonia-state nitrogen of plant absorbing, and contained amount too small (＜0.3%) can not effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen, as long-acting ammonium bicarbonate, its preferable composition weight percent is: additive=0.3～1%
Bicarbonate of ammonia=99.7～99%.
The fertilizer of this composition is a kind of long-acting fertilizer, and can be used as topdresses uses and also can change the preceding base manure of sowing by topdressing into, is applicable to that more the amount of its additive in the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate of doing to topdress accounts for 0.3～0.5% of gross weight; Account for 0.6～1% of gross weight and be suitable for its amount of adding preparation of making base manure.
The preparation method of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate utilizes the equipment and the processing method of producing bicarbonate of ammonia, be enclosed within its former flow process the quantitatively operating device of input additive and mixture but increase by one, the particulate state fertilizer that the additive that makes input and bicarbonate of ammonia formation eutectic or thorough mixing are evenly made.The input method of additive can adopt:
1, additive is joined in the carbonating tower.Its process flow diagram such as Fig. 1, in Fig. 1,1, carbon dioxide compressor; 2, carbon dioxide cooler; 3, carbonating tower is paid tower; 4, carbonating tower king-tower; 5, soft water is inhaled the ammonia recovery tower; 6, additive storagetank; 7, volume pump; 8, strong aqua dissolving tank; 9, brilliant liquid pump; 10, magma groove; 11, brilliant liquid bath; 12, centrifuge separator.In this method, set up the additive storagetank, the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover that volume pump and dissolving tank are formed, additive is mixed by storagetank, quantitatively is input to dissolving tank through volume pump.Additive and strong aqua are fully miscible in dissolving tank, enter to carry out carburizing reagent in the carbonating tower again, generate the slurries that contain bicarbonate of ammonia and additive cocrystallization.To take out liquid then and be sent to separation system, in separating centrifuge, make crystallization and solution separating, after dewatering, become the eutectic long-acting ammonium bicarbonate.
2, the output terminal of additive by carbonating tower added.
Its process flow diagram such as Fig. 2, in Fig. 2,1, carbon dioxide compressor; 2, carbon dioxide cooler; 3, carbonating tower is paid tower; 4, carbonating tower king-tower; 5, soft water is inhaled the ammonia recovery tower; 6, additive storagetank; 7, volume pump; 8, powder sprayer; 9, mixing tank; 10, brilliant liquid bath; 11, stiff device; 12, brilliant liquid bath; 13, centrifuge separator.In this method, set up the additive storagetank, the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover that volume pump and powder sprayer are formed, additive mixes in storagetank, quantitatively send in the powder sprayer through volume pump, and then spray in the bicarbonate of ammonia crystallization liquid phase by carbonating tower output and mix adding pulvis by powder sprayer.Under brilliant liquid pump effect, this mixed solution is squeezed in the stiff device, after centrifuge dehydration, be kneaded into the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate that particulate state contains eutectiferous bicarbonate of ammonia of part and additive agent mixture.
3, additive is joined in the ammonium hydrogen carbonate crystallization its process flow diagram such as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.In Fig. 31, carbon dioxide compressor; 2, carbon dioxide cooler; 3, carbonating tower is paid tower; 4, carbonating tower king-tower; 5, soft water is inhaled the ammonia recovery tower; 6, additive storagetank; 7, metering thruster; 8, agitator; 9, brilliant liquid pump; 10, stiff device; 11, brilliant liquid bath; 12, centrifuge separator.In the method for Fig. 3, set up the additive storagetank, metering thruster and agitator are formed the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover, additive in storagetank by behind the thorough mixing, quantitatively send in the agitator with the crystallization bicarbonate of ammonia that comes out from the stiff device through the metering thruster and to mix, be kneaded into the particulate state long-acting ammonium bicarbonate of bicarbonate of ammonia and additive agent mixture composition again.
In Fig. 4,13, centrifuge separator; 14, storagetank; 15, electromagnetic oscillation machine; 16, go up rotating agitator; 17, following rotating agitator; 18, hopper.In the method for Fig. 4, set up storagetank, agitator on the electromagnetic oscillation machine and upper and lower rotating two.Even with the additive thorough mixing of quantitatively being imported by storagetank and electromagnetic oscillation machine in the bicarbonate of ammonia input agitator by the centrifuge separator discharge, the long-acting hydrogen-carbonate of particulate state that is kneaded into the mixture composition is again striven.
Be the preparation method that example specifies this fertilizer with the DCD additive below.
The synthesis technique I of embodiment 1 long-acting ammonium bicarbonate
1, water absorbs ammonia, makes 20% strong aqua;
2, the compressed machine compression of carbonic acid gas enters gas cooler, is cooled to 40 ℃;
3, carbonic acid gas and strong aqua generate carbonated aqueous ammonia in carbonating tower bottom counter current contact;
4, carbonated aqueous ammonia and carbonic acid gas counter current contact in the carbonating tower king-tower generates the ammonium bicarbonate crystal slurries;
5, the ammonia (3%) of carbonating tower outlet reclaims with containing soft ammonia recovery tower;
6, in storagetank, add the DCD additive;
7, control DCD additive work output by gauger, a certain amount of DCD is added to send in the powder sprayer;
8, the DCD additive sprays in the mixing tank through powder sprayer;
9, in mixing tank, the ammonium bicarbonate crystal slurries mix with the DCD additive;
10, under brilliant liquid pump effect, bicarbonate of ammonia slurries and DCD mixture difference are sent into the stiff device by distribution trough;
11, be provided with agitator in the stiff device, add cooling jacket, but the crystal grain change is big to make brilliant liquid cooling;
12, stiff device upper strata mother is flowed back to the stream mother liquor tank;
13, lower floor's stiff bicarbonate of ammonia and DCD crystal enter centrifuge separator (rotary drum φ 800,650 rev/mins of rotating speeds) dewater finished product.Its technological process synoptic diagram such as Fig. 2.
The production process of its bicarbonate of ammonia such as embodiment 1, enter the slurry of stiff device, lower floor's stiff crystal solution is gone in the centrifuge separator, add a sealing machine agitator in the middle of stiff device and centrifuge separator, agitator is pressed gauger and DCD storagetank, under the control of gauger, per hour advancing DCD additive manipulated variable is the 24-48 kilogram, can synthesize about 6 tons of long-acting ammonium bicarbonates, come out to enter centrifuge separator from agitator and further dewater, get product.Its process is seen Production Flow Chart synoptic diagram 3.
The production process of its bicarbonate of ammonia such as embodiment 1, directly import the revolving stirrer from the bicarbonate of ammonia that centrifuge separator is discharged, agitator connects electromagnetic oscillation machine and storagetank, by vibrating machine is quantitative DCD additive input agitator and bicarbonate of ammonia are puddled, through positive and negative two rotation whipping process, the two is mediated and generates long-acting ammonium bicarbonate.Its process is seen Production Flow Chart synoptic diagram 4.
The production process of its bicarbonate of ammonia such as embodiment 1, the solubleness of DCD in water only has 2.26%(13 ℃), and solubleness is very big in liquefied ammonia, so be dissolved in the strong aqua DCD is quantitative earlier, enter again and carry out carburizing reagent in the carbonating tower, the strong aqua absorbing carbon dioxide, generate sal volatile, the further absorbing carbon dioxide of sal volatile is produced the bicarbonate of ammonia crystallization, when the brilliant liquid of bicarbonate of ammonia forms, DCD also crystallizes out thereupon, form the cocrystallization body of bicarbonate of ammonia and DCD, enter stiff device and separation system again, get finished product bicarbonate of ammonia after the dehydration.Its process is seen Production Flow Chart synoptic diagram 1.
The fertilizer efficiency experiment I of comparative example 1, long-acting ammonium bicarbonate
By solidification simulating lab test result such as the table 1 of various dose DCD to the ammonia-state nitrogen of the bicarbonate of ammonia that is manured into soil, indoor cultivation through 125 days, the bicarbonate of ammonia soil ammonia nitrogen content of doping DCD is not minimum, be designated as 0%, and after adding the DCD solidifying agent (content be respectively bicarbonate of ammonia content 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%), the storage rate of soil ammonia-state nitrogen obviously improves, and is increased to 37%, 36%, 29%, 26% and 19% respectively.Along with the raising of DCD content, adsorptive power strengthens, and makes NH
4Become semipermanent absorption, difficult release in the short period of time is so occur disengaging ammonia-state nitrogen amount downward trend along with the increase of additive DCD consumption.Therefore select suitable DCD consumption very important for solid ammonia, the suitable consumption of DCD elects 0.3～1% as, can increase soil ammonia-state nitrogen storage rate 30%.
After table 1 is seen literary composition
Comparative example 2, fertilizer efficiency experiment II
The fertilizer efficiency period of bicarbonate of ammonia is lacked, and generally only has 30-45 days, so will repeatedly apply fertilizer for the crop that grows vegetative period.Simulation laboratory test result such as table 2, general bicarbonate of ammonia can decompose more than 90% in soil in 7 days, and 22 these decomposition of space-based finish; And can delay the bicarbonate of ammonia decomposition rate after adding the DCD solidifying agent, increase fertilizer efficiency period.Along with DCD solidifying agent addition increases (1%-5%), NH
4The preservation period of-N in soil is increased to 35 days respectively to more than 65 days, makes the bicarbonate of ammonia fertilizer efficiency period prolong one times.
After table 2 is seen literary composition
Comparative example 3, fertilizer efficiency experiment III
As table 3, in 125 days, measure each by stages and handle and control sample nitric nitrogen (NO
3-N) formation time and quantity.It is 100 o'clock that general bicarbonate of ammonia nitric nitrogen forms total amount, and (1-5%) nitric nitrogen forms total amount and reduces to 69,41,49,49,39 respectively after the adding DCD nitrification inhibitor.Nitric nitrogen (NO
3-N) formation time was also prolonged chi about 30 days, and, can make soil nitric nitrogen formation amount reduce 30～60% along with DCD amount of application increase effect strengthens.
After table 3 is seen literary composition
Comparative example 4, fertilizer efficiency experiment IV
Because long-acting ammonium bicarbonate can prolong fertilizer efficiency period and reduce the nitrated loss of fertilizer, so show that obvious joint fertilizer efficiency fruit is arranged on the equal yield level.On general Fertilization Level, use every mu of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate can save with fertile about 15 kilograms (table 4), so use this kind fertilizer not only can save fertilizer, can improve chemical fertilizer again to underground contaminated water source.
After table 4 is seen literary composition
Table 1DCD tests the ammonia-state nitrogen solidification simulation
DCD hardener dose (%) 012345
125 days soil NH
4-N semi-invariant (ppm) 812 1,108 1,106 1,046 1,018 946
Soil NH
4-N storage rate (%) 0 37 36 29 26 19
Table 2DCD solidifying agent prolongs NH
4-N soil preservation period simulation test
DCD handles consumption (%) 012345
NH
4-N 7 days 90.0 67.0 61.0 57.0 51.0 52.0
Soil rate 22 days 3.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 29.5 28.0
Earth 35 days 0.2 3.6 5.4 7.6 9.8 8.9
Protected 50 days 1.0 2.7 2.9 4.5 4.6
Deposited (%) 65 days 1.4 1.6 1.4 2.0
Table 3DCD reduces soil NO
3-N formation amount also prolongs the rise time
DCD handles consumption (%) 012345
NO
3-N formation amount (mg/100g) 172 119 71 84 84 67
NO
3-N rate of formation (%) 100 69 41 49 49 39
NO
3-N occur peak times (my god) 35 35 65 65 65 65
NO
3-N peak forms quantity (%) 6.5 3.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.0
The test of table 4 long-acting ammonium bicarbonate rate of fertilizer application
Fertilizer is handled (kilogram/mu) corn per mu yield (kilogram) (kilogram/mu) gaining rate rate (%) that produces more food
Normal ammonium bicarbonate 30 532 00
Normal ammonium bicarbonate 45 605 73 13.72
Normal ammonium bicarbonate 60 615 83 15.60
Long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium 30 615 83 15.60
Long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium 45 630 98 18.42
Long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium 60 620 88 16.54
Claims (2)
1, a kind of bicarbonate of ammonia chemical fertilizer that contains additive DCD Dyhard RU 100 is characterized in that:
(1) this chemical fertilizer is additive and bicarbonate of ammonia formation eutectic or the mixture that contains part eutectic, additive and volatile salt;
(2) to account for the ratio of gross weight be 0.3～1% to the amount of additive.
2, a kind ofly being used for producing according to the described chemical fertilizer preparation method of claim 1, is to have adopted to produce the production technique of bicarbonate of ammonia and quantitative additive is joined in this flow process, it is characterized in that additive is to adopt one of following method to add:
(1) additive is through storagetank, and volume pump quantitatively is input to dissolving tank, enters carburizing reagent in the carbonating tower with entering behind the strong aqua thorough mixing, generates the eutectic long-acting ammonium bicarbonate;
(2) additive quantitatively sprays in the bicarbonate of ammonia crystallization liquid phase by carbonating tower output and mixes through storagetank, volume pump and powder sprayer, makes and contains the eutectiferous long-acting ammonium bicarbonate of part.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90105012A CN1025671C (en) | 1990-01-09 | 1990-01-09 | Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and its preparation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90105012A CN1025671C (en) | 1990-01-09 | 1990-01-09 | Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and its preparation method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1053225A CN1053225A (en) | 1991-07-24 |
| CN1025671C true CN1025671C (en) | 1994-08-17 |
Family
ID=4878851
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN90105012A Expired - Fee Related CN1025671C (en) | 1990-01-09 | 1990-01-09 | Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and its preparation method |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100569705C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-12-16 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of slow-release nitro compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN102206124A (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-10-05 | 刘键 | Nanocarbon long-acting environment-friendly compound fertilizer |
| CN101362659B (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2011-07-06 | 刘键 | Nano carbon long-acting environment friendly compound fertilizer |
| CN102241538A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | 开创阳光环保科技发展(北京)有限公司 | Rare earth and long-acting ammonium bicarbonate herbicide fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| DE102015105649A1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | Heinz Tischmacher | Fertilizers containing ammonium bicarbonate |
| CN112830849B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-09-26 | 四川大学 | Modified ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal and preparation method thereof |
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1990
- 1990-01-09 CN CN90105012A patent/CN1025671C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1053225A (en) | 1991-07-24 |
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