CN102565844A - Multiphase flow positron emission tomography device and method - Google Patents
Multiphase flow positron emission tomography device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multiphase flow positron emission tomography device used in an oil pipeline. According to the device, a pair of gamma rays with 511keV energy, which can be coincident, are generated by utilizing positron and negatron annihilation and used as a positron emission tomography means and provides an on-line positron emission tomography function for multiphase flow measurement in the oil pipeline of an oil field. The device comprises a plurality of groups of parallel high-precision gamma ray detector arrays which are arranged according to a specific space structure, a positron radioactive source and a shield and can be used for acquiring the phase fraction of a multiphase mixture comprising oil, gas, water and the like only under the condition of the single radioactive source by combining an image processing function. Due to the adoption of the design of the plurality of groups of high-precision detector arrays, the accuracy of the multiphase flow measurement and the applicability of the multiphase flow positron emission tomography device in different flow patterns and flow states of multiphase flow are also greatly improved. Image information of fluid generated by the multiphase flow positron emission tomography device can greatly enrich measurement information of petroleum and natural gas in the petroleum and natural gas industries and provide basic data for more effective reservoir management and production optimization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of positron emission tomography imaging device that is used for the polyphasic flow of petroleum pipeline; Promptly utilize the gamma ray that meets that positron-electron annihilation produces for the fault imaging means, for the metering of the polyphasic flow on the oil gas field pipe laying provides the positron emission tomography imaging device of the polyphasic flow of online fault imaging function, and relate to a kind of method of the polyphasic flow in the petroleum pipeline being carried out positron emission tomography imaging.
Background technology
Multi-phase flowmeter with its low investment, low running cost, do not need advantage such as separating oil well effluent progressively to substitute the traditional test separation vessel.Multi-phase flowmeter can provide the online in real time flow and the phase fraction data of oil, gas, water, the practical condition of understanding its each individual well for oily company and ability, the effective reservoir management of enforcement and the production optimum management continuous data that provides the foundation.
In many polyphasic flow sensor technologies, be that basic phase fraction measurement technology has become the mainstream technology in the polyphasic flow metering with the gamma ray.The gamma survey technology of in the polyphasic flow metering, using at present adopts monoenergetic or dual intensity gamma ray to come the online mean absorption coefficient that obtains fluid for gamma ray.Because oil, G&W confirm that for each self absorption factor of certain energy gamma ray therefore in two-phase flow, obtaining a mean absorption coefficient with the monoenergetic gamma ray just can try to achieve two kinds of components in proportions (water percentage or void fraction) in the potpourri; Obtain two mean absorption coefficients with the dual intensity gamma ray and just can try to achieve three kinds of components in proportions in the potpourri, be i.e. the phase fraction of three-phase fluid-mixing (void fraction and water percentage).
At present, with the gamma ray be limitation and the challenge that faced of the Multiphase Fluid Measurement Technology on basis mainly contain following some: (1) measurement of factor is high.Because the gamma ray measuring technique need satisfy this prerequisite of condition of narrow beam, therefore can only obtain the ingredients of a mixture in the very little solid angle between radioactive source and the probe, the part outside this detection interval is powerless.This method with local next alternative integral body makes the whole homogeneity of its measurement result convection cell that requirement arranged.Therefore also just reduced whole measuring accuracy relatively.(2) spatial symmetry is bad.Because the gamma ray narrow beam in the multi-phase flowmeter is a pyramidal structure, the space density of its ray is very high near radioactive source (vertex of a cone) time is surveyed by frequent, and the density of ray is thinning near gamma ray receiving end (at the bottom of the awl) time.The potpourri of the oil that therefore even average density is identical in the cone-shaped body, gas, water, if its space distribution at cone-shaped body is different, the average density of its measurement also can be different.(3) desired Measuring Time is longer.Above-mentioned in order to reduce (1), (2) problem errors caused, polyphasic flow metering need average transient measurement result many times, and therefore the needed Measuring Time of a data points is longer.Thisly depend on the problem that ergodic statistical average solves the measurement space asymmetry, but whole heteropical to influence its effect unsatisfactory for reducing.(4) under extreme flow condition, the measuring accuracy of certain single-phase flow can reduce greatly.Multiphase Fluid Measurement Technology obtains each single-phase rate of discharge through computing then based on the measurement to total flow and phase fraction at present; When a certain single-phase less (single-phase phase fraction is lower), then this phase measuring accuracy is relatively poor.(5) can not obtain the flow characteristics of fluid flow state.Existing gamma polyphasic flow measures the positional information that all can only provide the average density information of polyphasic flow and not have its concrete space distribution.Therefore can not give fuel-displaced, the space distribution information of G&W in the petroleum pipeline information that promptly forms images.
The dynamic perfromance that thereby the fault imaging of the oil in the petroleum pipeline, G&W is obtained fluid flow state is one of the object of the invention.The image information of fluid can provide abundanter metrical information for industrial gas oil, thereby more effectively implements reservoir management and production optimum management.The positional information of each monophasic fluid in the layer image also can reduce above-mentioned absorptivity calculate in for the dependence of the space distribution of flow pattern fluidised form and under extreme flow condition the measuring accuracy problem.Therefore also can improve the measuring accuracy of phase fraction greatly, this also is another object of the present invention.Because this invention can improve measuring accuracy,, just be equivalent to the Measuring Time of having dwindled each test point therefore with respect to original measuring precision.
Adopt at present the technology of characteristics such as measuring media electricity/ERT, optics/Optical, ultrasonic/Ultrasound, magnetic resonance/MR, but shortcoming is separately all arranged, in the application of still not succeeding of polyphasic flow metering field for the imaging research of polyphasic flow.The present invention adopts the gamma ray imaging technique in the nuclear medicine to combine relevant image processing techniques to realize the fault imaging to polyphasic flow in the petroleum pipeline.
Summary of the invention
At present multi-phase flowmeter is to asymmetrical flow pattern fluidised form or multiple flow pattern fluidised form simultaneously and when depositing, and its measuring accuracy can reduce greatly.One of the object of the invention is exactly the measuring accuracy that improves multi-phase flowmeter under the bad flow pattern fluidised form of symmetry.
We know based on the precision of the nuclear medicine of gamma ray quite high, and CT has reached the 0.1mm precision, and SPECT and PET reach 1.3mm.If the density measure of object can carry out in so high spatial accuracy, the ingredients of a mixture analysis just has been readily solved so.We can confirm that it is oil, gas or water according to the density measurement on each pixel.Rather than in a narrow beam cone-shaped body, calculate average density as present gamma ray multi-phase flowmeter.Our supposition can be potpourri " quantization " single component in very little volume.This supposition is accurately on the overwhelming majority's pixel, and only on the border of heterogeneous mixing, can bring a spot of error.The major limitation that nuclear medicine is used on fluid be (1) nuclear medicine to as if still life, and fluid is constantly to change; (2) the final imaging of nuclear medicine is to have the backprojection reconstruction of a lot of angles to form, and image taking speed is also often slower; (3) nuclear medicine facility is made up of a lot of detectors, and in order to obtain the projection of multi-angle, probe needs the rotation of wide-angle sometimes.And rotating and projection is just nonsensical for the asymmetric amalgam that flows.
The combination that the present invention uses for reference many groups detector array of nuclear medicine increases number and the spatial dimension of dwindling each detecting area of effective detecting area of traditional multi-phase flowmeter based on the gamma ray measuring technique (hereinafter to be referred as the gamma multi-phase flowmeter).Reasonably the detector array design can realize full the measurement but not local measurement with the cross section that many very little detecting areas cover whole petroleum pipeline.Just as being covered with on the cross section a lot of tiny gamma multi-phase flowmeters are from different perspectives arranged; Therefore symmetry, the homogeneity of this high-precision full measuring technique convection cell no longer include requirement, and the precision that has therefore also improved its measurement widely reaches the applicability to different flow pattern fluidised form polyphasic flows.
Because multi-phase flowmeter of the present invention has adopted many groups of high-precision detector arrays, therefore this method can obtain the more information amount compared with the gamma multi-phase flowmeter of the single probe of Traditional use, comprises the space distribution information of heterogeneous fluid density.Because even if the limitation between the cone-shaped body measurement zone of traditional gamma multi-phase flowmeter for axisymmetric fluid, also possibly provide different results between the cone-shaped body measurement zone of different fans angle size.That is to say that its measurement result is not means or the method that is totally independent of measurement, therefore caused bigger measuring error.Adopted the multi-phase flowmeter of many groups of high-precision detector arrays to narrow down to the interval of measuring on a lot of small independently pixels.Therefore it has avoided the asymmetric limitation of taper measurement zone, has improved the confidence level of measured value greatly.This also is two of the object of the invention.
Many group detected with high accuracy device arrays can form a lot of detection intervals; Each interval is to be confirmed by a pair of detector; Each interval all can obtain the mean absorption coefficient of gamma ray; A lot of different interval mean absorption coefficients that obtain simultaneously can be used for reconstructing the Density Distribution situation of heterogeneous fluid on the petroleum pipeline cross section, the i.e. instantaneous faultage image of fluid.The instantaneous faultage image that continuous coverage in time obtains has been formed the dynamic image of fluid.Can also carry out cross correlation process to obtain flow rate of fluid information at axial two groups or more the faultage image that is obtained of detector array at regular intervals.The image information of fluid can be optimized required basic continuous data with producing for production provides more effectively reservoir management.This also is three of the object of the invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of positron emission tomography imaging device that is used for the polyphasic flow of petroleum pipeline is provided; It is characterized in that; This positron emission tomography imaging device is formed by producing at least one group of probe that positron-electron annihilation and time meets; Every group of probe comprises gamma-ray detector array, positron emission source and the radioactive source shielding device of pair of parallel; Should be separately positioned on the both sides of tested petroleum pipeline and axial vertical with petroleum pipeline to parallel gamma-ray detector array, said positron emission source said petroleum pipeline with should arrange between the gamma-ray detector array and be parallel to this one in the parallel gamma-ray detector array parallel gamma-ray detector array, said radioactive source shields device to carry out break joint and shields in the axial alignment evaporation of electron source of said petroleum pipeline; The gamma-ray detector array of the every group of included pair of parallel of popping one's head in is confirmed a plurality of detection intervals; Each detection interval is confirmed that by a pair of gamma-ray detector from the mean absorption coefficient of each detection interval acquisition gamma ray, thereby the mean absorption coefficient of the different detection intervals that employing is obtained simultaneously obtains the instantaneous faultage image of fluid.
Said at least one group of probe is made up of two groups of probes; Said two groups of probes constitute the space structure of quadrature to improve the homogeneity that detection angle distributes on the cross section of said petroleum pipeline; Said two groups of probes stagger in the axial direction each other; So that effective search coverage of these two groups probes is avoided each other, meet, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of measuring at random thereby reduce.
Said at least one group of probe is made up of many groups of probes; To improve the coverage of effective search coverage on the cross section of petroleum pipeline; The anglec of rotation of every two adjacent groups probe is 360 °/N; And said many group probes stagger in the axial direction each other, so that effective search coverage of said many group probes is avoided each other.
Said positron emission source is positron emission source or the source array that is made up of the positron emission source of the positron emission source of point-like and wire of positron emission source, the wire of a plurality of point-like.
Said gamma-ray detector is the semiconductor ray detector, or scintillation crystal adds the photomultiplier or the semiconductor optoelectronic multiplier tube of traditional photomultiplier, position sensitive.
The time that the gamma-ray detector array of pair of parallel of every group of probe carries out real-time window simultaneously meets with the time that postpones window and meets, and the result who postpones to meet is as background noise deducted from meeting the result in real time, to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of measuring.
Along said petroleum pipeline axially with a determining deviation be provided with two the cover said positron emission tomography imaging device, thereby obtain flow rate of fluid information through faultage image is carried out the serial correlation calculation process.
The instantaneous faultage image of fluid is lined up in time in real time, thereby obtain the fault image of fluid.
This positron emission tomography imaging device also comprises the image processing section that said faultage image is handled; When mean absorption coefficient near a certain phase time in the polyphasic flow; The pixel of faultage image is carried out the quantization of single phase and handle, the partial pixel in faultage image is recomputated the optimum value of the absorption coefficient of each residual pixel by after the quantization; Through quantization repeatedly and ask the processing of optimum value; Obtain the phase fraction of polyphasic flow, thereby can under the condition in monoenergetic positron emission source, obtain the phase fraction of polyphasic flow, i.e. void fraction and water percentage.
According to a further aspect in the invention; A kind of positron emission tomography imaging method that is used for the polyphasic flow of petroleum pipeline is provided; It is characterized in that; Employing can produce at least one group of probe that positron-electron annihilation and time meets said polyphasic flow is carried out positron emission tomography imaging; Every group of probe comprises gamma-ray detector array, positron emission source and the radioactive source shielding device of pair of parallel; Should be separately positioned on the both sides of tested petroleum pipeline and axial vertical with petroleum pipeline to parallel gamma-ray detector array; Said positron emission source said petroleum pipeline with should be to one in parallel gamma-ray detector array row gamma-ray detector array between and be parallel to this to parallel gamma-ray detector array; Said radioactive source shielding device carries out the break joint shielding in the axial alignment evaporation of electron source of said petroleum pipeline, the gamma-ray detector array of the every group of included pair of parallel of popping one's head in is confirmed a plurality of detection intervals, and each detection interval is confirmed by a pair of gamma-ray detector; From the mean absorption coefficient of each detection interval acquisition gamma ray, thereby the mean absorption coefficient of the different detection intervals that employing is obtained simultaneously obtains the instantaneous faultage image of fluid.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the alignment function of positron-electron annihilation detector;
Fig. 2 is a polyphasic flow positron emission tomography imaging schematic representation of apparatus, and the first half is a sectional view, and Lower Half is a vertical view;
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of polyphasic flow positron emission tomography imaging;
Fig. 4 is the quadrature sonde configuration synoptic diagram of polyphasic flow positron (the positron emission source of wire) fault imaging;
Fig. 5 is the quadrature sonde configuration signal of polyphasic flow positron (the positron emission sources of a plurality of point-like) fault imaging;
Fig. 6 is the quadrature sonde configuration synoptic diagram of polyphasic flow positron (the positron emission source that point-like is mixed with wire) fault imaging;
Fig. 7 is axial three groups of sonde configuration synoptic diagram of polyphasic flow positron emission tomography imaging device.
Embodiment
(1) principle of positron emission tomography imaging
When the gamma ray commaterial of energy below 1MeV interacts, mainly be that photoelectric effect, two kinds of effects of Compton effect take place.Gamma-ray photon was given the bound electron of interactional material with it whole energy when photoelectric effect took place, and made it to overcome the ionization energy in atomic shell and launched.Compton effect then be gamma-ray photon with the scattering between the electronics, the incident gamma-ray photon passes to electronics to part energy, the energy of photon own reduces and to different direction scatterings.Just because of gamma-ray photon can commaterial have an effect, so gamma ray can be absorbed decay when passing material.When incident gamma-ray photon generation Compton scattering, thereby because the dump energy of photon and the uncertainty of scattering direction make it still might be received the mensuration that has influenced the gamma ray absorption coefficient by detector.Thereby therefore when using often with the narrow beam gamma ray the scattering example is refused as far as possible increase the precision of measurement.In order to realize narrow-beam condition, screening need collimate with the ray that collimating apparatus is come out to gamma ray source.But when using detected with high accuracy device array, each little detector all needs collimating apparatus therefore can improve the design difficulty of collimating apparatus, and simultaneously a lot of collimating apparatuss also can greatly reduce counting rate and sensitivity.If there are a plurality of gamma ray sources in system and are distributed on the different angles position and all need collimation, its design difficulty can be bigger.If utilize the positron-electron annihilation technology just can avoid collimating apparatus, and improve counting rate widely.
Can produce in opposite directions gamma-ray photon of a pair of 180 degree during positron-electron annihilation simultaneously, and each gamma-ray photon all has single energy 511keV, so we can survey positron-electron annihilation event with two relative detectors.If each gamma ray that detects all uses its full energy peak to screen, the right time meets processing to combine gamma-ray photon again, improves measuring accuracy thereby just can refuse the scattering example more effectively.
Gamma rays from different perspectives as shown in Figure 1, that detector 1,1 ' detect is much produced by positron-electron annihilation, but only in very little angle its gamma ray be the while by detector 1 and 1 ' detect.Therefore if detector 1 and the 1 ' time of doing is met processing, exactly with 1 pair of detector 1 of detector ' carried out need not collimation processing of collimating apparatus.Those are detected by detector 1 and finally will not screened by the annihilation event of detector 1 ' detect.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the polyphasic flow positron emission tomography imaging device of the petroleum pipeline 4 that is used for being surveyed; This positron emission tomography imaging device is formed by producing one group of probe that positron-electron annihilation and time meets; This group probe comprises: the gamma- ray detector array 1,1 of pair of parallel '; The positron emission source 5 of wire, and radioactive source shielding device 6.The first half of Fig. 2 is a sectional view, and Lower Half is a vertical view.Wherein, the detector array 1,1 ' respectively of pair of parallel stand on tested petroleum pipeline 4 both sides and with petroleum pipeline 4 axial vertical formations.Positron emission source 5 petroleum pipeline 4 and wherein one row detector array 1 between and be parallel to detector array 1,1 '.Radioactive source shielding device 6 carries out the break joint shielding in the axial alignment evaporation of electron source 5 of petroleum pipeline 4.Said gamma-ray detector array 1,1 ' in detector be the semiconductor ray detector, or scintillation crystal adds the photomultiplier or the semiconductor optoelectronic multiplier tube of traditional photomultiplier, position sensitive.The time that the gamma-ray detector array 1,1 ' simultaneously of the pair of parallel of every group of probe carries out real-time window meets with the time that postpones window and meets, and the result who postpones to meet is as background noise deducted from meeting the result in real time, to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of measuring.The positron emission source that the positron emission source 5 of wire can be regarded as by the point-like on a lot of the diverse locations constitutes; As shown in Figure 3; If the faultage image of petroleum pipeline is made up of image pixel matrix 7, each pixel possibly organized detector to measuring simultaneously more so.Each detector is to all having represented different detection angles, so each pixel will have the measurement of a lot of different angles.Two groups of N detector arrays have only during with conventional measurement 2N to survey track to provide 2N decay absorption equation, and the positron-electron annihilation method that the present invention uses can provide N
2Individual decay absorbs equation.The equation of constraint number is many more, and the measuring accuracy of its multi-phase flowmeter is just high more, can allow the pixel of cross-sectional image also just many more, and the precision of its image is just high more.
In order to improve a plurality of homogeneitys that take measurement of an angle and on the cross section, distribute in 360 degree of each pixel, multi-phase flowmeter of the present invention can adopt the positron-electron annihilations more than two groups or two groups to meet and pop one's head in to be formed.Every group of positron-electron annihilation meets detector array, positron emission source and the radioactive source shielding device that probe comprises pair of parallel.If two groups of positron-electron annihilations meet probe; Then can form orthohormbic structure; One group of probe wherein revolved to turn 90 degrees around the axle center of petroleum pipeline arrived other one group angle, but these two groups probes have certain staggering to avoid effective detection interval of the other side's probe on the axial location of petroleum pipeline.Fig. 4,5 and 6 has provided the orthohormbic structure synoptic diagram of the mixed sources of the positron emission source of positron emission source and point-like of positron emission source 5 and the wire of the positron emission source 5 that utilizes wire, a plurality of point-like forming respectively.The anglec of rotation for the then every two adjacent groups detector array of N group probe is the 360/N degree, and at the detection interval of axially all avoiding other detector array.As Fig. 7 provided axially have three groups of positron detector arrays 1,1 ', 2,2 ', 3,3 ' structural representation.
Ge-68 (its half life period is 271 days) can be used in the positron emission source, Na-22 (its half life period is 2.6 years) or other source.When the intensity enhancing of radioactive source, can detect in the time window in certain meeting and to meet example at random from the vacation of a plurality of different positron-electron annihilations.The example that meets at random of this vacation has increased the background of measuring, and finally can influence the precision of density detection.In order to eliminate this background, we have the set time to postpone with another one simultaneously but the identical time window of size is measured the counting that meets at random, and count with this and to be used as background it is deducted from above-mentioned real-time coincident event.Axially need carry out break joint shielding reducing single example rate, thereby reduce the handling dead time of detector electronics, improve meeting efficient and reducing coincidence rate at random of true example positron source.
(2) fault imaging
The combination of using for reference many groups detector array of nuclear medicine can increase number and the space exploration scope of dwindling each detection interval of effective detection interval of traditional gamma multi-phase flowmeter.As shown in Figure 3; Suppose in the cross section of petroleum pipeline M pixel arranged; Connect each and can pass through a plurality of pixels, so this mean absorption coefficient to detector measurement is not represented absorption coefficient but the mean absorption coefficient of all pixels on this track (equation is only arranged but a plurality of unknown numbers are arranged) of single pixel the detector track.If but our total L detector is to passing the petroleum pipeline cross section, we just have L bar equation to remove to separate M unknown number so, if L＞M just might obtain the optimum solution of M unknown number.Therefore can represent the fluid cross-section imaging with the mean absorption coefficient of pixel.This absorption coefficient imaging just is similar to the fault imaging of CT.
Many group detected with high accuracy device arrays can form a lot of detection intervals; Each interval is to be confirmed by a pair of detector; Each interval all can obtain the mean absorption coefficient of gamma ray; A lot of different interval mean absorption coefficients that obtain simultaneously can be used for reconstructing the Density Distribution situation of fluid on the petroleum pipeline cross section, the i.e. instantaneous faultage image of fluid.The instantaneous faultage image that continuous coverage in time obtains has been formed the dynamic image of fluid, and the image information of fluid can provide more effectively reservoir management and production optimum management for production.Axially can also carry out related operation and handle along petroleum pipeline to obtain flow rate of fluid information with two groups or more the faultage image that detector array was obtained of certain pitch arrangement.
(3) phase fraction obtains
Above-mentionedly form by the absorption coefficient of a plurality of pixels by the faultage image that positron-electron annihilation became.The absorption coefficient matrix of these pixels is optimum solutions that satisfy all detector measurement values, and the mean absorption coefficient of thus obtained each pixel is a continuous value often.Because absorption coefficient is the function of fluid density, as shown in the table just have the differing absorption coefficient such as water, oil to the gamma ray of same energy.
Water, oil are to different-energy narrow beam gamma ray absorption coefficient (m) (experiment value)
| Energy(keV) | Water | Oil |
| 75-80 | 0.159 | 0.142 |
| 167 | 0.137 | 0.118 |
| 364 | 0.099 | 0.092 |
If it is to mix mutually by a certain proportion of two on certain pixel space, its mean absorption coefficient is exactly a value between two absorption coefficients of this two phase so.For the fluid of pure two phases, only need the known mean absorption coefficient just can be in the hope of this two phase fraction separately on this pixel.But for the potpourri and even four phases (oil, gas, water and the sand) potpourri of three-phase (oil, gas or water), the mean absorption coefficient that only has on each pixel is the phase fraction that is not enough to obtain its each phase.
But if the precision of image is enough high, perhaps the size of its pixel is enough little, and the fluid in these small pixel ranges just possibly " quantization " become single phase so.If the pixel of a single fluid phase; Then its absorption coefficient of finding the solution will approach the real absorption coefficient of a certain phase in oil, gas or the water, and therefore adopting the image processing section of this positron emission tomography imaging device is this single phase with this pixel " quantization (confirming) ".Thereby the successive value of the absorption coefficient that originally calculated on its pixel will be by " quantization ".After the image section pixel is by " quantization (confirming) ", need recomputate the optimum value of the absorption coefficient of each residual pixel.After the circulation of repeatedly calculating-quantization-calculating again, having only some pixels between two phase borders is possible uncertain, and therefore heterogeneous problem just becomes the problem that two phases can be separated.The pixel on these borders just possibly become these two problems that can separate mutually of oil and water, oily and gas, water and gas according to the composition of its neighbor.Therefore there is the multi-phase flowmeter of imaging function can not need the dual intensity radioactive source to only depend on the monoenergetic radioactive source just can calculate the phase fraction (void fraction and water percentage) of heterogeneous fluid.Because the extraction of above-mentioned phase fraction is a composition of judging each pixel according to the relative density size between image pixel; Rather than the absolute counting that counting is demarcated in comparison according to needs, so the decay of positron source, the extraneous isoparametric variation of temperature reduce the meeting that influences of measurement result greatly.Therefore the multi-phase flowmeter based on the monoenergetic of image can reduce the complex design degree of system widely, and improves reliability.
(4) fault image of fluid and flow velocity
If giving to line up in real time in time, the faultage image of the continuous multiple frames that the positron emission tomography imaging device is exported just becomes the fault image of this fluid.In addition, two groups of these devices that can export fault imaging synchronously are installed respectively on measured petroleum pipeline, and two groups of faultage images are carried out related operation handle, to obtain flow rate of fluid information.If when frame pitch was M, its two picture group reached maximum as serial correlation output, its flow rate of fluid V=two compositions are as the spacing L/ ((sampling time of single frames) * M) of device so at this moment.
Claims (10)
1. positron emission tomography imaging device that is used for the polyphasic flow of petroleum pipeline; It is characterized in that; This positron emission tomography imaging device is formed by producing at least one group of probe that positron-electron annihilation and time meets; Every group of probe comprises gamma-ray detector array, positron emission source and the radioactive source shielding device of pair of parallel; Should be separately positioned on the both sides of tested petroleum pipeline and axial vertical with petroleum pipeline to parallel gamma-ray detector array; Said positron emission source said petroleum pipeline with should be to one in parallel gamma-ray detector array row gamma-ray detector array between and be parallel to this to parallel gamma-ray detector array; Said radioactive source shielding device carries out the break joint shielding in the axial alignment evaporation of electron source of said petroleum pipeline, the gamma-ray detector array of the every group of included pair of parallel of popping one's head in is confirmed a plurality of detection intervals, and each detection interval is confirmed by a pair of gamma-ray detector; From the mean absorption coefficient of each detection interval acquisition gamma ray, thereby the mean absorption coefficient of the different detection intervals that employing is obtained simultaneously obtains the instantaneous faultage image of fluid.
2. positron emission tomography imaging device according to claim 1; Wherein, Said at least one group of probe is made up of two groups of probes, and said two groups of probes constitute the space structure of quadrature to improve the homogeneity that detection angle distributes on the cross section of said petroleum pipeline, and said two groups of probes stagger in the axial direction each other; So that effective search coverage of these two groups probes is avoided each other, meet, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of measuring at random thereby reduce.
3. positron emission tomography imaging device according to claim 1; Wherein, Said at least one group of probe is made up of many groups of probes, and to improve the coverage of effective search coverage on the cross section of petroleum pipeline, the anglec of rotation of every two adjacent groups probe is 360 °/N; And said many group probes stagger in the axial direction each other, so that effective search coverage of said many group probes is avoided each other.
4. according to the described positron emission tomography imaging device of each claim among the claim 1-3; Wherein, said positron emission source is positron emission source or the source array that is made up of the positron emission source of the positron emission source of point-like and wire of positron emission source, the wire of a plurality of point-like.
5. according to the described positron emission tomography imaging device of each claim among the claim 1-3; Wherein, Said gamma-ray detector is the semiconductor ray detector, or scintillation crystal adds the photomultiplier or the semiconductor optoelectronic multiplier tube of traditional photomultiplier, position sensitive.
6. according to the described positron emission tomography imaging device of each claim among the claim 1-3; Wherein, The time that the gamma-ray detector array of pair of parallel of every group of probe carries out real-time window simultaneously meets with the time that postpones window and meets; The result who postpones to meet is as background noise deducted from meeting the result in real time, to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of measuring.
7. according to the described positron emission tomography imaging device of each claim among the claim 1-3; Wherein, Along said petroleum pipeline axially with a determining deviation be provided with two the cover said positron emission tomography imaging device, thereby obtain flow rate of fluid information through faultage image is carried out the serial correlation calculation process.
8. according to the described positron emission tomography imaging device of each claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, the instantaneous faultage image of fluid is lined up in time in real time, thereby obtain the fault image of fluid.
9. according to the described positron emission tomography imaging device of each claim among the claim 1-3; This positron emission tomography imaging device also comprises the image processing section that said faultage image is handled, when mean absorption coefficient near a certain phase time in the polyphasic flow, the pixel of faultage image is carried out the quantization of single phase and handles; Partial pixel in faultage image is by after the quantization; Recomputate the optimum value of the absorption coefficient of each residual pixel, through quantization repeatedly and ask the processing of optimum value, obtain the phase fraction of polyphasic flow; Thereby can under the condition in monoenergetic positron emission source, obtain the phase fraction of polyphasic flow, i.e. void fraction and water percentage.
10. positron emission tomography imaging method that is used for the polyphasic flow of petroleum pipeline; It is characterized in that; Employing can produce at least one group of probe that positron-electron annihilation and time meets said polyphasic flow is carried out positron emission tomography imaging; Every group of probe comprises gamma-ray detector array, positron emission source and the radioactive source shielding device of pair of parallel; Should be separately positioned on the both sides of tested petroleum pipeline and axial vertical with petroleum pipeline to parallel gamma-ray detector array; Said positron emission source said petroleum pipeline with should be to one in parallel gamma-ray detector array row gamma-ray detector array between and be parallel to this to parallel gamma-ray detector array; Said radioactive source shielding device carries out the break joint shielding in the axial alignment evaporation of electron source of said petroleum pipeline, the gamma-ray detector array of the every group of included pair of parallel of popping one's head in is confirmed a plurality of detection intervals, and each detection interval is confirmed by a pair of gamma-ray detector; From the mean absorption coefficient of each detection interval acquisition gamma ray, thereby the mean absorption coefficient of the different detection intervals that employing is obtained simultaneously obtains the instantaneous faultage image of fluid.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010612053.0A CN102565844B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | The flow positron tomography device of polyphasic flow and method |
| EP11820975.8A EP2662686B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-01-20 | Multiphase flow positron tomography device and method |
| US13/976,385 US9006666B2 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-01-20 | Positron tomography imaging apparatus and method for multiphase flow |
| PCT/CN2011/000094 WO2012027945A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-01-20 | Multiphase fluid positron tomography device and method |
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