CN102565150A - Detection device and monitoring system for soil relative humidity and soil fertility change - Google Patents
Detection device and monitoring system for soil relative humidity and soil fertility change Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detection device and a monitoring system for soil relative humidity and soil fertility change. The detection device comprises a columnar body, a capacitive sensor which is arranged on the columnar body and is used for detecting soil, a frequency generator which is used for generating the working frequency of the capacitive sensor, a processing circuit which is used for processing detection signals obtained by the capacitive sensor and an anticorrosive shell which is arranged outside the capacitive sensor and the processing circuit, wherein different resonant frequencies can be generated through the frequency generator to enable the same capacitive sensor to detect the soil relative humidity and the soil fertility change. The soil relative humidity and the soil fertility can be monitored through the detection device which is buried in the soil for a long term, the parameters of the soil at different depths can be monitored at the same time and therefore effective guidance parameters are provided for fine management in the crop growth process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil detection technique, be specifically related to the pick-up unit and the monitoring system of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility.
Background technology
" soil " is meant and is covered in earth top; Have fertility characteristics, the unconsolidated material layer of the green plants that can grow, it is made up of various particulate minerals, organic substance, moisture, air, microorganism etc.; They interknit; Conditioning each other, for crops provide essential living condition, is the material base of soil fertility.And the water supply situation of soil moisture decision crops is crossed when low when soil moisture, forms soil drought, and effect photosynthesis can not normally carry out, thereby reduces the yield and quality of crops, during serious water shortage even cause crops wilting and dead; And when soil moisture is too high; Then worsen soil aeration, influence the activity of soil microorganism, the vital movement such as breathing, growth of crops root system is hindered; Thereby influence the normal growth of crops aerial part, cause that excessive growth, lodging, disease are grown etc.; In addition, what of soil moisture also influence field tillage control measure and seeding quality, and influence the height of the soil moisture.
Soil fertility then is the general performance of soil physics, chemistry, biological chemistry and physicochemical characteristics, also is the intrinsic propesties that soil is different from matrix, and it supports for the plant growth provides nutrition.But, because the soil fertility condition influence such as both receiving natural climate that degenerates that improves, influenced by the restriction etc. of agrotechnical measure such as raise crop, cultivation management, fertigation and socio-economic system and scientific and technological level; Therefore; Soil fertility often is among the dynamic change, and the N in the soil (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium) are the staples that embodies soil fertility, so; In time grasp the dynamic change of the fertility factor in the soil; Prediction in time and regulation and control can make the development of soil fertility and the demand of crops be in correlated state, to obtain the effect of higher yield of crops stable yields.
Because water plays crucial effects to the growth of plant; The decomposition of organic nutrient and mineralising all be unable to do without moisture in the soil; The chemical fertilizer that is manured into soil only could dissolve in water, and the nutrient ion moves to root system, and root system of plant will be realized through the moisture medium nutrient absorbing; The use of soil moisture sensor simultaneously helps rationally using water resource, reaches the purpose of water-saving irrigation.And soil fertility also plays same enormous function to the growth of crops, in recent years, since the raising of agricultural product price and fertilizer price, timely monitor soil fertility, and rationally applying fertilizer becomes a major issue of modern agriculture.Because the difference of various crops such as soybean, has the function of fixed nitrogen, planting soybean is benefited for increasing soil fertility; Corn then is the plant that highly consumes soil fertility.The variation of fertility also possibly be that moisture, rainwater or the like factor in the soil causes in the soil.
Therefore; The relevant sensor of use and development thereof detect to(for) various and soil are important underlying issues; Particularly in the agricultural greenhouse booth; Adopt multiple sensors to come the value of moisture, soil constituent, pH value, quantity of precipitation, temperature, air humidity and the air pressure of measured soil, intensity of illumination, gas concentration lwevel etc. to obtain data; And, through the various correlation parameters in the warmhouse booth are done accurate regulation and control, thereby reach the purpose that increases crop yield, improves quality, regulates growth cycle, increases economic efficiency according to the top condition of different crops growth.Though the development of modern communications technology and control technology has solved the remote transmission and the control problem of relevant information, by various kinds of sensors provide real-time, stable, long-term, monitor data is the problem that this field exists always accurately.And in this a series of sensor, soil moisture and soil fertility sensor be use the most widely, of paramount importance 2 kinds of sensors.
And at present several different methods is arranged for the measurement of soil moisture, such as the oven drying method of weighing, neutron appearance method, electric-resistivity method, thermal diffusion method, time domain reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometry, capacitance method, remote sensing technique, detect a mine and reach test etc.Wherein, the oven drying method of weighing is the basic skills of measuring soil moisture, and it is higher that it measures precision; Required earth boring auger, baking oven are conventional equipment; Become more readily available satisfiedly, simultaneously it also is the basis that additive method is demarcated, and is usually used in checking the superiority-inferiority of other measuring methods; But the workload of the open-air sampling of oven drying method is big, and it is also long to measure the required time of soil moisture with oven for drying, soil is had certain destructiveness, and be not easy to fix a point for a long time continuous monitoring.And the neutron rule has overcome some shortcomings of oven drying method; Needn't fetch earth, can not destroy the structure of soil, can realize fixed point Continuous Observation soil moisture; But there is potential radiativity in neutron; The determination of moisture time error is bigger when topsoil and dry soil are carried out, and need on-site proving, and equipment price is high.Though the electric-resistivity method birth time is long, in the mensuration of soil moisture, still be widely used at present, the used sensor components and parts of electric-resistivity method are cheap; Perishable can not fix a point to bury underground, but has certain defective also; As measure when soil moisture is buried probe underground and can destroy soil texture; And have hysteresis phenomenon, and measure the influence that the result is subject to temperature and soil dissolved salt, need demarcate respectively the soil of various differing textures before measuring.Time domain reflectometry (TDR) though avoided the neutron appearance to measure having radioactive shortcoming, can be quickly and accurately to the soil moisture METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION of fixing a point, soil moisture is used in the monitoring comparatively generally automatically in the open air at present, its weak point is that price is higher.The precision that frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) is measured is higher; Have quick, accurate, METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION advantage, disturbed soil can not monitored soil moisture and variation thereof automatically; Durable; Low price, "dead", its shortcoming is because of the on-site proving of soil types different needs during monitoring soil moisture is used in the open air.Capacitance method is corrosion-resistant, and cost is low, the remote measurement of not taking a sample of suitable fixed point; Compare with electric-resistivity method, capacitance method receives the influence of soil salt less, can destroy soil texture but bury underground when popping one's head in; Capacitance method is responsive to the soil contact condition; Be subject to the soil physics effect on structure, but rationally selecting for use of advanced structural design and probe material can overcome these shortcomings.And time domain reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometry and capacitance method all be dielectric property with measured soil are the method that soil moisture is calculated on the basis, and their common advantage is to measure rapid and convenient, but precision and mounting means have a great difference.
Equally,, also can detect, but present technology mainly is the detection of laboratory equipment, realizes the purpose that detects through some ions are analyzed and tested with distinct methods for changes of soil fertility; And mobile unit has also been continued to use the structure and the principle of laboratory equipment basically; These equipment all are to use ISFET basically; Promptly adopt the ion sensitive field effect pipe; As Sensitive Apparatus, other technologies comprise microwave spectroscopic analysis, near-infrared absorbing spectrum, Terahertz (T-RAY) absorption spectrum or the like.These methods all are the analysis to soil surface generally, do not have penetration capacity basically, when above-mentioned technical application being carried out the point of fixity monitoring in the open air, have selling at exorbitant prices again, and easily by unfavorable factors such as the composition of water variation interference.For example; Fig. 1 is the test philosophy figure of near-infrared reflection spectral analysis technique (NIR); As shown in Figure 1; This method is to utilize near-infrared light source to shine tested, the reflected light that carries this material information is analyzed, thereby estimated the technology that a certain or several kinds of component contents in this material fast.It has following characteristics: 1) test speed is fast, efficient is high; Spectrometer can be accomplished the scanning of spectrum in very short time, and can be through setting up good calibration model in advance, and fast measuring goes out the component content or the character of sample, and once can measure multiple composition simultaneously; 2) analysis cost is low; In the near-infrared spectrum analysis process, do not consume sample, do not consume chemical reagent; 3) convenient measurement; Can test gas, liquid, solid and gluey type article.Simultaneously, also have certain defective, relatively low like measurement sensitivity, relative error is bigger; And must demarcate through prior standard method, set up appropriate mathematic model, this process will spend great amount of time and expense; In addition, because soil is more intense to the absorption of near infrared light, this measurement only is applicable to upper soll layer, can not measure the comparatively dark position of soil, and to moisture-sensitive, be easy to generate measuring error.Terahertz (T-Ray) absorption spectrum technology be utilize terahertz wave band (between microwave and infrared between; Frequency range is that 100GHz ~ electromagnetic wave 10THz) carries out the technology of constituent analysis; Its principle is the composition that utilizes entrained abundant physics of the tera-hertz spectra of material (comprising transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum) and chemical information to study material, and its system forms close with the near-infrared reflection spectral analysis technique.Its shortcoming is the with high costs of light source, lacks the waveguide of suitable transmission THz wave, and nowadays most system all is static, and bulky, and moisture is high to its absorptivity, is not suitable for the measurement of moistening soil.
Ion-sensitive electrode technology (ISM) is to utilize membrane potential to measure the electrochemical method of the concentration of effects of ion; As shown in Figure 2; A sensitive thin film of treating the selective absorption of side ion is arranged on its sensor; When sensor when containing ion solution to be measured and contact, on its interface of sensitive membrane and solution, produce and the direct relevant membrane potential of this ion activity, through measuring the electric potential difference on this electrode and the reference electrode; Just can obtain the quantity of adsorbed ion on this adsorption film, thereby obtain the content of certain specific ion in the liquid.In this technology, the selectivity of electrode pair specific ion is the good and bad principal element of measurement system with response, and selectivity depends primarily on physics and chemical property and the film of the electrode material adsorbability to specific ion; The performance of test macro is also weighed with other indexs; As measurement range (several magnitude is arranged; By the decision of electrode material and electrode buffer), (it is with the concentration of type of electrodes, solution, temperature, electrode disposal route and different for response speed; Also be to judge that can electrode be used for the important parameter of automatic continuous analysis), accuracy (electrode has identical absolute accuracy in the variable concentrations scope, so it is applicable to the mensuration of low concentration component), electrode life (between the several months to several years) etc.Ion sensitive field effect triode technology (ISFET) is similar with the ion-sensitive electrode technology; Principle of work all is when its sensitive membrane contacts with solution; Reversible electrochemical reaction takes place on solution/sensitive membrane interface; When reaction reached mobile equilibrium, interfacial potential was linear with the ion activity of measuring solution, measures the interface electromotive force thus and just can obtain solution ion concentration.Compare with traditional ion-sensitive electrode (ISE), ion sensitive field effect triode technology has the following advantages: 1) all solid state, can be microminiaturized, physical strength is high; 2) its sensitive material has popularity, is not limited to conductive material, also comprises insulating material; 3) its adopts the manufacturing process that standard CMOS process and micro-processing technology combine, and is easily manufactured, cost is low, be suitable for batch process, is easy to multiple sensors integrated; 4) its sensitizing range area is little, sensitive layer thin, input impedance is high, output impedance is low, have the function that signal amplifies concurrently, can avoid extraneous induction and secondary circuit interference effect; 5) highly sensitive, the response time is short, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high.Therefore, the ion sensitive field effect triode sensor is to be suitable for realizing microminiaturization, sensor that can on-line measurement; But be not widely used in the actual survey inspection of soil constituent as yet owing to the reasons such as instability of its performance.Above two kinds of ion-sensitive electrode methods have and measure less relatively, the advantage that can integrated a plurality of sensor probes of response time, size fast; But they are only responsive to the composition of liquid and gas; In the test that is applied to soil constituent, need pedotheque to extract utility appliance, and the relevant composition in the soil is dissolved in the water measures; Therefore, in practical application, all exist inconvenience and many restrictions.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides the pick-up unit and the monitoring system of a kind of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility; Be placed on the pick-up unit in the soil and the relative humidity at soil different depth place and the fertility of soil are monitored through burying for a long time, effective guide parameters is provided with precision management to plant growing process.
The present invention is in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The pick-up unit of a kind of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility is disclosed; Said pick-up unit comprises cylindrical body, be arranged on the capacitance type sensor that soil is detected on the cylindrical body, the frequency generator that is used to produce the capacitance type sensor frequency of operation, through frequency generator produce different resonant so that the capacitance detecting signal Processing that same capacitance type sensor detects, capacitance type sensor is obtained relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility for the treatment circuit of reflection relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility data and be arranged at capacitance type sensor and the corrosion resistant enclosure of treatment circuit outside.
Further, the differing heights place of said cylindrical body is provided with a capacitance type sensor respectively, is used for the relative humidity and the change of soil fertility at soil different depth place are detected.
Further, said capacitance type sensor responsive part form by two annular copper electrodes that laterally arrange.
Further, the coaxial outside that is sheathed on cylindrical body of the annular copper electrode of said capacitance type sensor.
Further, said treatment circuit prolongs between the annular copper electrode and cylindrical body that cylindrical body is axially set in capacitance type sensor.
Further, an end of said cylindrical body is provided with sharp portion, punctures soil through sharp portion said pick-up unit is drawn to soil.
Further, said frequency generator adopts telefault or the LC resonator that constitutes the LC resonant tank with the capacitor-type sensor.
Further, said frequency generator produces different resonant and is respectively 10MHz or 150MHz.
Further, when the resonance frequency that said frequency generator produces was 150MHz, said capacitance type sensor detected the relative humidity of soil.
Further, when the resonance frequency that said frequency generator produces was 10MHz, said capacitance type sensor detected the fertility variation of soil.
The invention also discloses the monitoring system of a kind of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility; Said system comprises pick-up unit, data transmission module and the control center of above each described relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility, and the relative moisture of the soil that said data transmission module obtains pick-up unit and the detection data transmission of change of soil fertility are to control center.
Further, said control center comprises the output unit that is used for the input media that transmits control signal to pick-up unit and is used to export the detection data that pick-up unit obtains.
Further, said data transmission module is cable data transport module or wireless data transfer module.
Adopt the beneficial effect of the invention described above technical scheme to be: monitoring system of the present invention is placed on the pick-up unit in the soil and the relative humidity of soil and the fertility of soil is monitored through burying for a long time; And can monitor the above-mentioned parameter at soil different depth place simultaneously, effective guide parameters is provided with precision management to plant growing process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the test philosophy figure of near-infrared reflection spectral analysis technique;
Fig. 2 is an ion-sensitive electrode measuring technique schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of pick-up unit in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of capacitance type sensor in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is along the cross-sectional view of the A-A hatching line of capacitance type sensor among Fig. 4 in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the building-block of logic of monitoring system in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing principle of the present invention and characteristic are described, institute gives an actual example and only is used to explain the present invention, is not to be used to limit scope of the present invention.
One embodiment of the invention provides the pick-up unit of a kind of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility; Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of pick-up unit in the embodiment of the invention; As shown in Figure 3; In embodiments of the present invention; Said pick-up unit comprises cylindrical body 1, be arranged on the capacitance type sensor 2 that soil is detected on the cylindrical body 1, the frequency generator 4 that is used to produce capacitance type sensor 2 frequency of operation, through frequency generator 4 produce different resonant so that 2 pairs of relatives moisture of the soil of same capacitance type sensor and change of soil fertility detects, capacitance type sensor 2 is obtained capacitance detecting signal Processing for the treatment circuit 3 of reflection relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility data and be arranged at capacitance type sensor 2 and the corrosion resistant enclosure 5 of treatment circuit 4 outsides.In embodiments of the present invention, an end of said cylindrical body 1 is provided with sharp portion 6, punctures soil through sharp portion 6 said pick-up unit is drawn to soil.
As shown in Figure 3, in embodiments of the present invention, a capacitance type sensor 2 can be set at the differing heights place of said cylindrical body 1 respectively, be used for the relative humidity and the change of soil fertility of the soil at different depth place on the same section are detected.
Fig. 4 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of capacitance type sensor in the embodiment of the invention; As shown in Figure 4; The responsive part of said capacitance type sensor 2 is made up of the coaxial outside that is sheathed on cylindrical body 1 of the annular copper electrode of said capacitance type sensor two copper electrodes of annular that laterally arrange.
Fig. 5 is along the cross-sectional view of the A-A hatching line of capacitance type sensor among Fig. 4 in the embodiment of the invention; As shown in Figure 5; In embodiments of the present invention, the annular copper electrode 8 coaxial outsides that are sheathed on cylindrical body 1 of said capacitance type sensor, said treatment circuit 3 prolongs between the annular copper electrode 8 and cylindrical body 1 that cylindrical body 1 is axially set in capacitance type sensor; Can reduce the decay of signal transmission, reduce noise; The said shell 5 coaxial peripheries that are arranged at annular copper electrode 8, wherein, said shell 5 has extremely strong corrosion resistance, can guarantee capacitance type sensor 2 can be medium-term and long-term at soil, stably detect.
In embodiments of the present invention; The ultimate principle of monitoring soil moisture is: the specific inductive capacity of the soil of doing is generally 3～6, and when the soil moisture increase, when reaching 100% saturated soil humidity; Its specific inductive capacity will below be a blanket equation near 80:
q
v?=?-5.3?+?2.92K
d?-?5.5?x?10
-2?K
d 2?+?4.3?x?10
-4?K
d 3
Wherein, q
vThe percent by volume of=soil moisture, K
dThe specific inductive capacity of=soil.
Therefore; The changes of contents that capacitance variations between can be through two of capacitance type sensor in the present embodiment adjacent copper electrode is come moisture in the around soil, thus can measure the specific inductive capacity or the permittivity of medium through the fringe field 11 between two copper electrodes.
Through experiment showed, that the capacitance that measures at 150MHz is the same basically with the capacitance that measures at 10MHz for the soil of low chemical fertilizer content; And when the chemical fertilizer content of soil improves, the capacitance that measures at 150MHz and difference is just arranged at the capacitance that 10MHz measures, just relatively more accurate in the soil moisture value that 150MHz measures at this moment, and do not receive what influence of chemical fertilizer in soil; And receive changes of soil fertility bigger at the capacitance that 10MHz measures, and this is because when the chemical fertilizer content of soil increases, the conductance of soil improves; And if the specific inductive capacity of soil is at high frequency region; Such as when 150MHz is, then do not receive the variable effect of specific soil conductivity basically, be operated in low frequency range and work as capacitor; During such as 10MHz, just receive the variable effect of conductivity of soil very big.And one among a small circle in, the conductance and the soil fertility of its soil are directly proportional, when using higher frequency; Such as; When being higher than 150MHz, can also continue to reduce the influence of the variation of salinity, but improvement is very limited to soil moisture; And higher frequency can increase expense, and signal is also bigger with the decay of lead.Therefore; In embodiments of the present invention; Produce different resonant so that same capacitance type sensor can detect relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility through frequency generator; When the resonance frequency of said frequency generator generation was 150MHz, said capacitance type sensor detected the relative humidity of soil; When the resonance frequency of said frequency generator generation was 10MHz, said capacitance type sensor detected the fertility variation of soil; In this embodiment; Said frequency generator inside can be realized through adopting different LC oscillatory circuits; Resonance frequency as required and the corresponding LC oscillatory circuit of conducting; In the present embodiment, said frequency generator inside comprises that at least resonance frequency is that 10MHz and resonance frequency are the LC oscillatory circuit of 150MHz, and constitutes the LC resonant tank with the capacitor-type sensor; Certainly, said frequency generator also can adopt the LC resonator, realizes that through the numerical value of variable elements device such as telefault L on the adjusting LC resonator it produces different resonant.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides the monitoring system of a kind of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility; Fig. 6 is the building-block of logic of monitoring system in the embodiment of the invention; As shown in Figure 6; In embodiments of the present invention; Said system comprises pick-up unit 11, data transmission module 12 and the control center 13 of relative moisture of the soil described in the above embodiment of the present invention and change of soil fertility, the relative moisture of the soil that said data transmission module 12 obtains pick-up unit 11 and detection data transmission to the control center 13 of change of soil fertility.Wherein, said control center comprises the output unit that is used for the input media that transmits control signal to pick-up unit and is used to export the detection data that pick-up unit obtains, and can be applied to the hot house monitoring, and the management of reading intelligent agriculture and Internet of Things and application; Said data transmission module can adopt cable data transport modules such as plain conductor, optical fiber to carry out data transmission, or adopts wireless data transfer modules such as 3G, WLAN, GPRS to carry out data transmission.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. the pick-up unit of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility; It is characterized in that; Said pick-up unit comprises cylindrical body, be arranged on the capacitance type sensor that soil is detected on the cylindrical body, the frequency generator that is used to produce the capacitance type sensor frequency of operation, through frequency generator produce different resonant so that the capacitance detecting signal Processing that same capacitance type sensor detects, capacitance type sensor is obtained relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility for the treatment circuit of reflection relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility data and be arranged at capacitance type sensor and the corrosion resistant enclosure of treatment circuit outside.
2. pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the differing heights place of said cylindrical body is provided with a capacitance type sensor respectively, is used for the relative humidity and the change of soil fertility at soil different depth place are detected.
3. pick-up unit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said capacitance type sensor responsive part form by two annular copper electrodes that laterally arrange.
4. pick-up unit according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the coaxial outside that is sheathed on cylindrical body of the annular copper electrode of said capacitance type sensor.
5. pick-up unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said treatment circuit prolongs between the annular copper electrode and cylindrical body that cylindrical body is axially set in capacitance type sensor.
6. pick-up unit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, an end of said cylindrical body is provided with sharp portion, punctures soil through sharp portion said pick-up unit is drawn to soil.
7. pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said frequency generator adopts telefault or the LC resonator that constitutes the LC resonant tank with the capacitor-type sensor.
8. according to claim 1 or 7 described pick-up units, it is characterized in that said frequency generator produces different resonant and is respectively 10MHz or 150MHz.
9. pick-up unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that, when the resonance frequency that said frequency generator produces was 150MHz, said capacitance type sensor detected the relative humidity of soil.
10. pick-up unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that, when the resonance frequency that said frequency generator produces was 10MHz, said capacitance type sensor detected the fertility variation of soil.
11. the monitoring system of relative moisture of the soil and change of soil fertility; It is characterized in that; Said system comprises pick-up unit, data transmission module and the control center like each described relative moisture of the soil of claim 1 to 10 and change of soil fertility, and the relative moisture of the soil that said data transmission module obtains pick-up unit and the detection data transmission of change of soil fertility are to control center.
12. monitoring system according to claim 11 is characterized in that, said control center comprises the output unit that is used for the input media that transmits control signal to pick-up unit and is used to export the detection data that pick-up unit obtains.
13. monitoring system according to claim 11 is characterized in that, said data transmission module is cable data transport module or wireless data transfer module.
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