CN102564959B - Device for detecting combustion flue gas amount of combustible material - Google Patents
Device for detecting combustion flue gas amount of combustible material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102564959B CN102564959B CN201210004370.3A CN201210004370A CN102564959B CN 102564959 B CN102564959 B CN 102564959B CN 201210004370 A CN201210004370 A CN 201210004370A CN 102564959 B CN102564959 B CN 102564959B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for detecting combustion flue gas amount of a combustible material. The device comprises a combustion box body, a smoke fog exhaust pipe and a detecting device which are all connected with each other in sequence, wherein the combustion box body is a vertical combustion box body or a horizontal combustion box body; an exhaust fan is arranged behind the smoke fog exhaust pipe; and the detecting device comprises a smoke fog collecting device and electronic detecting equipment, wherein the smoke fog collecting device is arranged in the middle of the smoke fog exhaust pipe. The device for detecting the combustion flue gas amount of the combustible material, provided by the invention, has the advantages of lightweight, simplicity, convenience and easiness for carrying, can be connected with 220V household alternating current, can be used for combustion of foamed plastic filling materials, combustible decorative plates, external heat insulating plates and other materials as well as fire analysis under common environments, and is used for detecting the concentration of the smoke fog; and the concentration of the smoke fog is displayed on a display screen in the form of dynamic wave form in an intuitive and clear way, so that easiness for analysis is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection of the exhaust gas volumn that combustible was produced in when burning, concrete relate to a kind of device that detects combustion flue gas amount of combustible material.
Background technology
In recent years China's fire takes place frequently, and particularly the wildfire such as CCTV dispensing building big fire and Shanghai Jiangzhou road big fire, has caused huge human life and property loss, highlights China's security against fire situation very severe.Given this, the Ministry of Public Security puts into effect multi-section fire-fighting decree, the fire protecting performance requirement that has further improved as strict as possible material.But China's material fire protecting performance test approaches is various at present, fails at short notice the fire protecting performance of material to be made to discriminating, has delayed research and development and the application of fire proofing material.The present invention is by test material the produced factor to life security threat maximum--the smokescope of burning, and can differentiate easily smog that material produces in the fire harmfulness to people.
The furniture furnishings that in modern building, flammable decoration, chemical fibre carpet and polyfoam are filled are more, and these combustibles can produce a large amount of poison gas and heat in combustion process, will consume a large amount of oxygen simultaneously.In building fire, smog is to hinder people's escape, causes trapped personnel main causes of death.The harmfulness of fire smoke is mainly manifested in toxic, dim light and three aspects of terror.When fire, because making airborne oxygen concentration, burning obviously declines, can cause human body respiration obstacle, lose toward reason, spasm, blue in the face, even death by suffocation, in buildings when fire burns when vigorous, also can produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, when people contacts after the carbon dioxide of 10%～20% concentration, can cause dizziness, stupor, expiratory dyspnea, there is paralysis in nerve center system even, people is lost toward consciousness, cause death.When fire, combustible burning also can produce some has compared with the gas of strong stimulation effect human body, allows people cannot see direction clearly, flees the scene just very difficult.Meanwhile, people's psychology in smog is extremely unstable, and flue gas has interception, can produce feeling of terror, so that panic, evacuates action to tissue and causes very large difficulty.The high temperature smog producing when burning is also the one of the main reasons that causes people's injures and deaths.High temperature smog not only may make heart rate accelerate, and human body is perspired in a large number, occurs very soon tired out and dehydration phenomenon, and people can be burnt to death.
Show according to domestic and international a large amount of fire cases, in fire casualties, great majority are because of due to damage by fume.In fire, be subject to directly lethal 40%～50% of the dead sum that accounts for of damage by fume, and be fallen in a swoon by cigarette poison then to burn to death at the great majority of burning in dead.
Be called cigarette or smoke particle by the solid and the liquid particle that are suspended in gas phase that burn or pyrolysis produces, the gas that contains smoke particle is called smog.In fire process, can produce a large amount of smog, its composition is very complicated, is mainly made up of the material of three types:
(1) gas-phase combustion product;
(2) unburned gaseous state combustible;
(3) imperfect combustion liquid, solid phase analyte and condensation product molecule.In fire smoke, contain numerous poisonous, objectionable constituent, corrosivity composition and particle etc., fire hazard environment high temperature anoxic in addition, must all cause very large harm to life safety and ecologic environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of device that detects combustion flue gas amount of combustible material for above-mentioned prior art, the amount of smoke producing can be to fire time detects analysis, thereby contributes to the analysis of cause of fire and choosing of Building Fire Protection sheet material.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of device that detects combustion flue gas amount of combustible material, it is characterized in that including the burning casing connecting successively, smog aiutage and pick-up unit, described burning casing is vertical burning casing or horizontal burning casing, the rear of described smog aiutage is provided with vent fan, described pick-up unit includes the smog harvester and the electron detection device that are arranged at smog aiutage middle part, combustible sample burns in burning casing, produce smog, make smog through smog harvester, and discharge by vent fan, detect the smokescope of combustible sample by pick-up unit, described smog harvester is connected with electron detection device, described electron detection device includes power module, central processing module, signal condition module, analog-to-digital conversion module, SD card memory module and LCD display module, wherein,
Described smokescope acquisition module is made up of light source and light sensor, it lays respectively at the middle part of smog aiutage, and both positions point-blank, light source outside is provided with lens that a focal length is 5～6cm makes cylindrical light-ray condensing that diameter that light source sends is 5～6cm on light sensor, the light-sensitive surface outer setting Φ 6cm roundness mess case of light sensor, grid is black dull polishing, and the opening degree of depth is 3cm, and protection light sensor is avoided astigmatism and irradiated;
Described signal condition module is made up of buffer circuit and amplifying circuit, the ultra-weak electronic signal of smokescope acquisition module collection is amplified and the filtering of setovering obtains the analog electrical signal after conditioning, and prevents that static and other forceful electric power from disturbing;
Described analog-to-digital conversion module converts the analog electrical signal after conditioning to digital signal and delivers to central processing module;
Described central processing module is processed the digital signal after conversion, controls LCD display module and completes Presentation Function and deposit related data in SD card memory module, conveniently completes post-processed and the analysis of data.
Press such scheme, described light sensor is photoresistance, and described light source is common 3.8W miniature bulb or LED light source.
Press such scheme, described vertical burning casing is made up of the aluminium alloy plate of anti-corrosion, pyroceram door is equipped with in one of them side, vertical burning bottom half is provided with a blow vent, the center of vertical burning casing is provided with a square rack, be used for placing combustible sample, it equates with each side distance of vertical burning casing.
Press such scheme, described horizontal burning casing is made up of the aluminium alloy plate of anti-corrosion, and pyroceram door is equipped with in one of them side, and the side bottom of horizontal burning casing is provided with a blow vent, and its top is provided with latch, for fixing combustible sample.
Press such scheme, described vent fan air capacity is 1.5m
3/ min, power is 30w, makes smog constantly pass through glibly photosensitive device, to facilitate detection.
Burning casing of the present invention is divided into vertical and horizontal two kinds, can be combined with pick-up unit arbitrarily, according to the shape size difference of test material, the bulk material of graininess and thicker (being more than or equal to 3cm) can select vertical burning casing to test, thinner (being less than 3cm) bulk material selects horizontal burning casing to test, smog aiutage is provided with exhaust fan, can make smog constant glibly by light sensor, to facilitate detection.
Power module of the present invention, central processing module, signal condition module, analog-to-digital conversion module, SD card memory module are all integrated on a circuit board, the added LCD LCDs of plate, and outside is packed by plastics package shell.Circuit board is provided with SD card plug and USB mouth, and USB socket is given provides the power supply of the miniature bulb of light source, and SD socket is inserted storage card, records test figure.
For showing that the LCD display of smog oscillogram is touch-screen, on display screen, be provided with beginning, stop, the button such as continuation, replacement, storage.
The detection of exhaust gas volumn of the present invention is while utilizing the smog of combustible sample combustion generation by light sensor, can block source light, thereby the intensity of light source that sensor receives is changed, and change into voltage signal change, signal is treated, with the check and correction of standard model smog, can draw the relative amount of flue gas emission of test sample.
The smokescope data that detect, by can obtain the detection total amount of this sample smog to the integration of time, the smog total amount simultaneously producing using the red oak standard sample burning of same size size is as the radix of other sample smog total amounts of test, i.e. the smog total amount of derived sample.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) the present invention is lightly simple, conveniently be easy to carry about with one, can connect family expenses 220V alternating current, can be for the fire disaster analyzing under the material combustions such as polyfoam packing material, flammable decoration, heat-insulation plate for external material and general environment, for detection of smokescope, form with dynamic waveform is showing screen display, visual and clear easy analysis;
2) the present invention can repeat arbitrarily experiment, and each experiment can be recorded experimental data automatically, can record the smokescope data of many experiments, preserves, thereby can transfer on computer and analyze quickly with text formatting and the data layout of computer identification;
3) the present invention, according to the powdery of material, graininess and bulk, can select vertical tester or horizontal tester.Image data frequency is high, and data are accurate, and computing is stable, and test frequency is 1s/ time, and test specification is 100ppm～10000ppm, can record comparatively accurately each combustion case.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of vertical casing exhaust gas volumn pick-up unit;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of low boy cabinet exhaust gas volumn pick-up unit;
Fig. 3 is the relative position figure of smog acquisition module;
Fig. 4 is the flue gas concentration figure of test EPS styrofoam;
Fig. 5 is the operating structure figure of mist detecting device;
Fig. 6 is the operation logic of exhaust gas volumn detector.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described in detail, but this explanation can not be construed as limiting the invention.
A kind of device that detects combustion flue gas amount of combustible material, include the burning casing, smog aiutage 7 and the pick-up unit 11 that connect successively, described burning casing is vertical burning casing 4 or horizontal burning casing 14, the rear of described smog aiutage is provided with vent fan 10, smog aiutage is Φ 10cm × 60cm right cylinder, vent fan adopts positive standing grain APC10-G, fan bore Φ 10cm, and air capacity is 1.5m
3/ min, power is 30w, make the constant photosensitive device that passes through glibly of smog energy, to facilitate detection, described pick-up unit includes the smog harvester and the electron detection device that are arranged at smog aiutage middle part, its operating structure is shown in Fig. 5, combustible sample 15 burns in burning casing, produce smog 6, make smog through smog harvester, and discharge by vent fan, detect the smokescope of combustible sample by pick-up unit, described smog harvester is connected with electron detection device, described electron detection device includes power module, central processing module, signal condition module, analog-to-digital conversion module, SD card memory module and LCD display module 12, wherein,
Described smokescope acquisition module is made up of light source 8 and light sensor 9, light sensor is photoresistance, described light source is common 3.8W miniature bulb or LED light source, it lays respectively at the middle part of smog aiutage, and both positions point-blank, light source outside is provided with lens 16 that a focal length is 5～6cm makes cylindrical light-ray condensing that diameter that light source sends is 5～6cm on light sensor, the light-sensitive surface outer setting Φ 6cm roundness mess grating 17 of light sensor, grid is black dull polishing, the opening degree of depth is 3cm, protection light sensor is avoided astigmatism and is irradiated, provide stable environment light source light 18 by light source, light sensor is very sensitive to the power of light, realizes the detection of smokescope by light power is converted to smokescope,
Described signal condition module is made up of buffer circuit and amplifying circuit, the ultra-weak electronic signal of smokescope acquisition module collection is amplified and the filtering of setovering obtains the analog electrical signal after conditioning, and prevents that static and other forceful electric power from disturbing;
Described analog-to-digital conversion module (AD module) converts the analog electrical signal after conditioning to digital signal and delivers to central processing module;
Described central processing module is processed the digital signal after conversion, controls LCD display module and completes Presentation Function and deposit related data in SD card memory module, conveniently completes post-processed and the analysis of data.
In the time adopting vertical burning casing, its length, width and height dimensions is 25cm × 25cm × 60cm, aluminium alloy plate by anti-corrosion forms, pyroceram door 2 is equipped with in one of them side, vertical burning bottom half is provided with a blow vent 1, the center of vertical burning casing is provided with a square rack 3, apart from bottom half 20cm, the support length of side is 15cm, formed by 0.15cm × 0.15cm × 0.1cm Stainless steel mesh, be used for placing combustible sample, it equates with each side distance of vertical burning casing, combustible sample can be graininess or blocks of solid, vertical burning casing turns round mouth 5 devices with smog aiutage by square opening and is connected.
In the time adopting horizontal burning casing, its length, width and height dimensions is 20cm × 20cm × 80cm, aluminium alloy plate by anti-corrosion forms, pyroceram door 2 is equipped with in one of them side (20cm × 80cm), and the side bottom of horizontal burning casing is provided with the oblong openings of a 2.5cm × 20cm as blow vent 1.Combustible sample is placed on combustion box inner top and fixes with latch and upper end face, and combustible sample is blocks of solid.
Introduce in detail the each module of the present invention below:
Power module
The present invention is furnished with standard A C/DC conversion electric power.This power input voltage scope is interchange 100V～240V, frequency 50Hz/60Hz, and output voltage is direct current 5V, maximum output current is 2A.Power output interface is standard 2.0 power interfaces, can directly be connected with system power supply socket, and system input voltage range is direct current 4.5V～5.5V, and while normally work, system power dissipation is 200mW.
Central processing module
Central processing module is taking TI(Texas Instruments) company produce MSP430F2618 be core, be equipped with peripheral circuit form single-chip minimum system, as the central processing module of this system.System maximum operation frequency is 16MHz; Timer internal can be system timing time is accurately provided.Provide 6 groups of universaling I/O ports to can be used for controlling analog to digital conversion, liquid crystal display etc.; And built-in SPI interface can carry out the data storage of SD card easily.
Smokescope acquisition module
Smokescope acquisition module is made up of light source and photoresistance, and light source provides stable surround lighting, and photoresistance is very sensitive to the power of light, realizes the detection of smokescope by light power is converted to smokescope.
Analog-to-digital conversion module
The ADS1147 that analog to digital converter adopts TI company to produce.Have 16 without error code precision, data maximum transmission rate is 2KSPS, can be configured to 2 tunnel difference input or the single-ended inputs in 3 tunnels.Inner with ultra-low noise programmable gain amplifier and monocycle digital filter, simplify to greatest extent the complexity of signal condition partial circuit;
System adopts 2 tunnel difference input patterns, improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Be set to 128 times of amplifications for the PGA that gathers electric signal AD, improved greatly the precision of AD conversion, consider the validity of data, message transmission rate is set to 20SPS.
SD card memory module
For convenience of the post-processed of data, system has increased SD card memory module.The all data that collect in system work process all, by being stored in file corresponding in SD card, can, by the data upload in SD card to computing machine, complete further data processing and analysis after having measured;
On SD card hardware, there are two kinds of Connection Modes: SD mode card and SPI pattern, for saving the I/O mouth of processor, system adopts SPI pattern.For realizing the data sharing of single-chip microcomputer and computer, facilitate data processing, need in SD card, build FAT file system.FAT file system has three kinds at present: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32.System adopts FAT16 file system, can support 2G with interior storage card.The each numerical value gathering of each sensor is by the TXT formatted file storage with independent.
LCD display module
Display module adopts 5.7 cun of industry control screens, and resolution is 320 × 240, inner with character library, is equipped with four-wire ohm touch-screen.Utilize to touch to realize and measure the function such as control and reality switching.Simple to operate flexible.
Power module, central processing module, smokescope acquisition module, signal condition module, analog-to-digital conversion module, SD card memory module are all integrated on a circuit board, the added LCD LCDs of plate, circuit board is provided with SD card plug and USB mouth, USB socket is given provides the power supply of the miniature bulb of light source, SD socket is inserted storage card, records test figure.
Operating process:
The exhaust gas volumn that vertical burning casing exhaust gas volumn pick-up unit of the present invention burns mainly due to the block combustible that detects graininess and thicker (being more than or equal to 3cm), horizontal burning casing exhaust gas volumn pick-up unit is mainly used in the detection of the combustion flue gas amount of combustible material of bulk thinner (being less than 3cm).Sample is placed on specimen holder, light sample, by Smoke Detection instrument, smokescope is changed and monitored, the smog total amount simultaneously producing using the red oak standard sample burning of same modality and size is as the radix of other sample smog total amounts of test, then the amount of flue gas emission that obtains sample combustion, fundamental diagram is shown in Fig. 6.
1. open horizontal combustion box, fire-retardant size 15cm × 80cm × 2cm EPS styrofoam is placed on to horizontal combustion box top, fix with latch;
2. the present invention is connect to the 220V power supply 13 of family expenses, then light sensor and light source are arranged on to corresponding position, aiutage middle part, insert memory card, vent fan is started working;
3. light candle or spirit lamp in placing burning casing, burning sample.By side glass observing samples combustion case;
4. now start proving installation, open by the power on mist detecting device box.Enter after system, with " beginning " key in finger touches LCD display, with the sound of " dripping ", testing tool starts to have entered test mode.Light sensor starts image data, starts to have waveform moving on screen;
5. need to suspend experiment if run into interference midway, suspend just can press " stopping " key, then while starting, can press the continuation of " continuations " key.If start after test, discovery laboratory sample etc. does not set, and can press " replacement " key, carries out record again;
6. treat that sample combustion is complete, press " stopping " key, now the complete oscillogram of smokescope clearly just in LCD screen display out.Press " storage " key, experimental data is just stored in SD card;
7. SD clamping is entered to computer, the data text in card is copied to storage or analysis on computer.What in data, record is the smokescope value that each time point is corresponding;
8. the flue gas concentration curve detecting, to its integration, taking the red oak of standard as radix, obtains its amount of flue gas emission.
The time dependent oscillogram of exhaust gas volumn testing out can store in real time, record when data start with test, collection exhaust gas volumn information per second, and real-time storage.After being completed, can form a set of complete experimental data.The form of textual data that data are easily analyzed with software is stored on SD card.Dump in PC by card reader again.
As Fig. 4, EPS styrofoam completes burning in the time starting to test 96s, system log (SYSLOG) the smokescope w that the burning of EPS styrofoam produces in 100s, do the integration of smokescope curve to burning time, and be multiplied by the throughput V(throughput 1.5m of smog aiutage in 100s
3/ min), the amount of flue gas emission that obtains EPS styrofoam burning generation is 0.1865 m
3.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is detected the device of combustion flue gas amount of combustible material, include smog aiutage and electron detection device, described electron detection device includes power module, central processing module, signal condition module, analog-to-digital conversion module and SD card memory module, described signal condition module is made up of buffer circuit and amplifying circuit, burning casing and pick-up unit are characterized by further comprising, described burning casing, smog aiutage is connected successively with pick-up unit, described burning casing is horizontal burning casing, described horizontal burning casing is made up of the aluminium alloy plate of anti-corrosion, pyroceram door is equipped with in one of them side, the side bottom of horizontal burning casing is provided with a blow vent, the inner top of burning casing is provided with latch, for fixing combustible sample, the rear of described smog aiutage is provided with vent fan, described pick-up unit includes the smog harvester and the electron detection device that are arranged at smog aiutage middle part, combustible sample burns in burning casing, produce smog, make smog through smog harvester, and discharge by vent fan, detect the smokescope of combustible sample by pick-up unit, described smog harvester is connected with electron detection device, described electron detection device also comprises LCD display module, wherein,
Described smokescope acquisition module is made up of light source and light sensor, it lays respectively at the middle part of smog aiutage, and both positions point-blank, light source outside is provided with lens that a focal length is 5～6cm makes cylindrical light-ray condensing that diameter that light source sends is 5～6cm on light sensor, the light-sensitive surface outer setting Φ 6cm roundness mess case of light sensor, grid is black dull polishing, and the opening degree of depth is 3cm, and protection light sensor is avoided astigmatism and irradiated;
Buffer circuit and amplifying circuit amplify the ultra-weak electronic signal of smokescope acquisition module collection and the filtering of setovering obtains the analog electrical signal after conditioning, and prevent that static and other forceful electric power from disturbing;
Described analog-to-digital conversion module converts the analog electrical signal after conditioning to digital signal and delivers to central processing module;
Described central processing module is processed the digital signal after conversion, controls LCD display module and completes Presentation Function and deposit related data in SD card memory module, conveniently completes post-processed and the analysis of data.
2. by the device of detection combustion flue gas amount of combustible material claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described light sensor is photoresistance, described light source is common 3.8W miniature bulb or LED light source.
3. by the device of detection combustion flue gas amount of combustible material claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described vent fan air capacity is 1.5m
3/ min, power is 30w, makes smog constantly pass through glibly photosensitive device, to facilitate detection.
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| CN107422182A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-12-01 | 珠海中慧微电子股份有限公司 | Direct current energy meter |
| CN107991101A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | A kind of propellant combustion smokescope test device |
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