CN102560890A - Carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection and production method of carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection - Google Patents

Carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection and production method of carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection Download PDF

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CN102560890A
CN102560890A CN2011104194750A CN201110419475A CN102560890A CN 102560890 A CN102560890 A CN 102560890A CN 2011104194750 A CN2011104194750 A CN 2011104194750A CN 201110419475 A CN201110419475 A CN 201110419475A CN 102560890 A CN102560890 A CN 102560890A
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spinning
fiber
zinc titanate
titanate composite
composite
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丁彬
王娜
斯阳
俞建勇
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Donghua University
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Donghua University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection, and the composite obtained by the production method. The production method is characterized by including the steps of: adding titanium isopropoxide and zinc acetate into ethanol solvent, and adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain spinning dope A; adding polyacrylonitrile into N, N-dimethyl formamide solvent to obtain spinning dope B; subjecting the spinning dope A and the spinning dope B to electrostatic spinning to obtain composite fibrous membranes; and allowing the drawn composite fibrous membranes to stand in air to be pre-oxidized, and carbonizing the membranes under nitrogen protection. The carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite has the advantages of light weight, high rate of biochemical disintegration, and fine mechanical properties.

Description

A kind of individual protection is with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of individual protection with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite and preparation method thereof, belong to the technical field of nano-functional material.
Background technology
At present, to obey main core filter medium be absorbent charcoal material to the employed military individual protection in various countries.The operation principle of this type of protective materials mainly is that the activated carbon material of inner layer dipping is adsorbed poisonous and harmful substance, reaches with this to alleviate the injury of harmful substance to human body, reaches the effect of protection.Yet, used the individual protection device of this type protective materials generally comparatively thick and heavy, bring heavy physiological stress in the use personnel of wearing; The efficient of decomposing poisonous and harmful reagent is extremely low; Breathable moisture permeability is relatively poor, and the personnel that wear arrive the heat load intensity limit very soon; A topmost reason is that present employed individual protection is not only limited with the material adsorbance; And can not efficiently decompose harmful biochemical reagents; Its function as protective materials of forfeiture after adsorbance reaches capacity can be given in this case and worn personnel's life generation danger greatly.
The carbon nano-fiber material is as the newcomer of carbon fiber family; Owing to have nanoscale; Make it have nanometer size effect; Make this fiber have higher specific surface area, excellent mechanical performance, excellent chemical stability etc. and come into one's own that its potential application study has obtained many proud achievements, has more excited the further investigation of people to carbon nano-fiber.More and more researchers prepares the carbon nano-fiber of high quality and low cost through the whole bag of tricks with the different raw material of use at present, and explores its application potential at aspects such as catalyst carrier, high-efficiency adsorbent and reinforcing materials.
At present; The method for preparing carbon nano-fiber mainly is a vapor growth method; Domestic employment application some patents (patent publication No.: CN1258637, CN1168348, CN1389606); When preparing carbon nano-fiber with the method, the bigger than normal and skewness of the diameter of carbon fiber is prone to materials such as carbon black in the fiber.In addition, the method is difficult to scale and makes carbon nano-fiber, is difficult to realize that industrialization produces continuously.People attempt to prepare carbon nano-fiber through wet spinning process, but the diameter of the final carbon fiber that obtains can not be brought into play the advantage of carbon nano-fiber all in the micron number magnitude.
Have by the tunica fibrosa of method of electrostatic spinning preparation that fibre diameter is little, specific area is big, the aperture is little and the porosity advantages of higher; The fiber that will be obtained by electrospinning process is as the precursor of preparation carbon nano-fiber, can obtain continuously, specific area is big, porosity is high, the carbon nano-fiber of satisfactory mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome problems such as existing individual protection material breakdown poisonous and harmful substance efficient is low, weight big, breathable moisture permeability difference, provide a kind of and can efficiently adsorb and decompose poisonous and harmful substance, thin thickness and lightweight protective materials and preparation method thereof .
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the preparation method of a kind of individual protection, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite:
The first step: at ambient temperature, 0.3-2.5 g titanium isopropoxide and 0.8-2.2 g zinc acetate are added 10-50 g alcohol solvent, add polyvinylpyrrolidone again, carry out stirring and dissolving, obtain spinning solution A with the rotating speed of 80-200 rpm;
Second step: at ambient temperature, polyacrylonitrile is added N, in the dinethylformamide solvent, carry out stirring and dissolving, obtain spinning solution B with the rotating speed of 60-150 rpm;
The 3rd step: in room temperature, relative humidity is under the condition of 10-60 %; The spinning solution B that the spinning solution A that the first step is obtained and second step obtain is transported to respectively with same traffic on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine and carries out electrostatic spinning; Make fiber laydown on receiver, mix film forming, get composite cellulosic membrane;
The 4th step: after the 3rd step, the composite cellulosic membrane that obtains carried out vacuumize 1-3 h, under 100-170 ℃, carry out stretch processing with the draw speed of 5-20 m/min;
The 5th step: the composite cellulosic membrane that the 4th step was obtained places air to carry out pre-oxidation, and the pre-oxidation temperature is 180-300 ℃, and preoxidation time is 2 ~ 3 h;
The 6th step: the composite cellulosic membrane that the 5th step was obtained carries out carbonization under nitrogen protection, temperature is 900-1800 ℃, and heating rate is 3-15 ℃/min, and constant temperature time is 50-120 min, is cooled to room temperature at last.
Preferably, the mass percent of the polyvinylpyrrolidone in the described first step is 10-50 %.
Preferably, the mass percent of the polyacrylonitrile in described second step is 5-25 %.
Preferably, spinning solution A in described the 3rd step and the flow of spinning solution B are respectively 0.5-5 mL/h, and the distance between spinning head and the receiver is 5-30 cm, and spinning voltage is 8-35 kV.
Preferably, described the 3rd the step in receiver be in aluminium foil, copper mesh, fabric, iron plate, conduction paperboard and the nonwoven fabric any one or two or more.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) mixing electrospinning process used in the present invention, electricity spins two kinds of inconsistent spinning solutions that physicochemical properties are different simultaneously, and then obtains the mixing electrospun fiber membrane that additive method can't obtain.
(2) carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite of the present invention's preparation has high specific area, can in efficient absorption poisonous and harmful biochemical reagents, decompose fast it.
(3) composite cellulosic membrane provided by the invention has thin thickness, lightweight characteristics, and its weight is merely about 1/15 of existing absorbent charcoal material.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further the present invention is set forth in detail.
Spinning among the embodiment 1-6 is selected ethanol, N for use with solvent, dinethylformamide, and production firm is a Shanghai Aladdin reagent Co., Ltd; The production firm of zinc acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone is a Shanghai Aladdin reagent Co., Ltd; The production firm of titanium isopropoxide and polyacrylonitrile is an Aldrich reagent Co., Ltd, and the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 58,000, and the molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile is 970,000; The biochemical reagents simulant is selected paraoxon (Sigma-aldrich company, model is D9286-1G) for use; The DW-P303-1ACD8 type that high voltage source selects for use east, Tianjin civilian high voltage source factory to produce; The LSP02-113 type that the spinning solution induction system selects for use Baoding LanGe constant flow pump Co., Ltd to produce.
Embodiment 1
Under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature; 0.355g titanium isopropoxide and 2.013g zinc acetate are added in the reagent bottle that contains the 20g alcohol solvent; Again the 5.592g polyvinylpyrrolidone is joined in the above-mentioned solution; Gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 6h, obtain the spinning solution A of character homogeneous with 150rpm speed; The 1.6g polyacrylonitrile is joined 18.4gN, in the dinethylformamide, the solution of gained is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 12h, obtain the spinning solution B of character homogeneous with 80rpm speed; Under the condition of 25 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 40%; Spinning solution A and spinning solution B are input on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine with the flow of 1.5mL/h simultaneously; Simultaneously carry out electrostatic spinning under the 18kV voltage conditions applying on the electrostatic spinning machine; On the aluminium foil receiver of reciprocating electrostatic spinning machine, the distance between receiver and the spinning head is 10cm with fiber laydown; Spinning process is taken off polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane, and is carried out vacuumize 1h after accomplishing from the aluminium foil receiver; Under 130 ℃ of conditions, polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is stretched to 6 times of former composite cellulosic membrane with the speed of 10m/min; Tunica fibrosa after the stretch processing is placed vacuum tube furnace, under 200 ℃, carry out pre-oxidation, preoxidation time is 2h; Under nitrogen protection, carry out carbonization then, the heating rate during carbonization is 5 ℃/min, and carburizing temperature is 1000 ℃, and carbonization constant temperature 50min is cooled to room temperature, promptly gets the individual protection that can be used for decomposing biochemical reagents with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane.
Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the porosity of this composite cellulosic membrane is 78%, and specific area is 720m 2/ g, intensity is 2.8GPa, and modulus is 122GPa, and the resolution ratio to paraoxon in 10 minutes is 81%.
Embodiment 2
Under 20 ℃ of conditions of room temperature; 0.71g titanium isopropoxide and 1.812g zinc acetate are added in the 20g ethanol; Again the 2.502g polyvinylpyrrolidone is joined in the above-mentioned solution, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 8h, obtain the spinning solution A of character homogeneous with 120rpm speed; The 1.2g polyacrylonitrile is joined 18.8gN, in the dinethylformamide, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 12h, obtain the spinning solution B of character homogeneous with 100rpm speed; Under the condition of 20 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 30%; Spinning solution A and spinning solution B are input on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine with the flow of 1.2mL/h simultaneously; Simultaneously carry out electrostatic spinning under the 22kV voltage conditions applying on the electrostatic spinning machine; On the aluminium foil receiver of reciprocating electrostatic spinning machine, the distance between receiver and the spinning head is 15cm with fiber laydown; Spinning process is taken off polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane, and is carried out vacuumize 1h after accomplishing from the aluminium foil receiver; Under 140 ℃ of conditions, polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is stretched to 5 times of former composite cellulosic membrane with the speed of 8m/min; Tunica fibrosa after the stretch processing is placed vacuum tube furnace, under 240 ℃, carry out pre-oxidation, preoxidation time is 2h; Under nitrogen protection, carry out carbonization then, the heating rate during carbonization is 7 ℃/min, and carburizing temperature is 1200 ℃, and carbonization constant temperature 60min is cooled to room temperature, promptly gets the individual protection that can be used for decomposing biochemical reagents with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane.
Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the porosity of carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is 92%, and specific area is 800m 2/ g, intensity is 2.8GPa, and modulus is 145GPa, and the resolution ratio to biochemical reagents simulant paraoxon in 10 minutes is 94%.
Embodiment 3
Under 24 ℃ of conditions of room temperature; 1.065g titanium isopropoxide and 1.581g zinc acetate are added in the 30g ethanol; Again the 8.1615g polyvinylpyrrolidone is joined in the above-mentioned solution, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 6h, obtain the spinning solution A of character homogeneous with 180rpm speed; The 2.4g polyacrylonitrile is joined 17.6gN, in the dinethylformamide, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 16h, obtain the spinning solution B of character homogeneous with 70rpm speed; Under the condition of 24 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 45%; Spinning solution A and spinning solution B are input on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine with the flow of 1.5mL/h simultaneously; Simultaneously carry out electrostatic spinning under the 25kV voltage conditions applying on the electrostatic spinning machine; On the copper mesh receiver of reciprocating electrostatic spinning machine, the distance between receiver and the spinning head is 10cm with fiber laydown; Spinning process is taken off polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane, and is carried out vacuumize 2h after accomplishing from the copper mesh receiver; Under 140 ℃ of conditions, polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is stretched to 7 times of former composite cellulosic membrane with the speed of 15m/min; Tunica fibrosa after the stretch processing is placed vacuum tube furnace, under 260 ℃, carry out pre-oxidation, preoxidation time is 2h; Under nitrogen protection, carry out carbonization then, the heating rate during carbonization is 10 ℃/min, and carburizing temperature is 1400 ℃, and carbonization constant temperature 60min is cooled to room temperature, promptly gets the individual protection that can be used for decomposing biochemical reagents with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane.
Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the porosity of this composite cellulosic membrane is 95%, and specific area is 760m 2/ g, intensity is 2.8GPa, and modulus is 135GPa, and the resolution ratio to biochemical reagents simulant paraoxon in 10 minutes is 92%.
Embodiment 4
Under 22 ℃ of conditions of room temperature; 1.42g titanium isopropoxide and 1.365g zinc acetate are added in the 30g ethanol; Again the 3.643g polyvinylpyrrolidone is joined in the above-mentioned solution, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 5h, obtain the spinning solution A of character homogeneous with 140rpm speed; The 2g polyacrylonitrile is joined 18gN, in the dinethylformamide, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 4h, obtain the spinning solution B of character homogeneous with 120rpm speed; Under the condition of 22 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 45%; Spinning solution A and spinning solution B are input on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine with the flow of 0.8mL/h simultaneously; Simultaneously carry out electrostatic spinning under the 15kV voltage conditions applying on the electrostatic spinning machine; On the copper mesh receiver of reciprocating electrostatic spinning machine, the distance between receiver and the spinning head is 15cm with fiber laydown; Spinning process is taken off polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane, and is carried out vacuumize 2h after accomplishing from the aluminium foil receiver; Under 140 ℃ of conditions, polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is stretched to 4 times of former composite cellulosic membrane with the speed of 7m/min; Tunica fibrosa after the stretch processing is placed vacuum tube furnace, under 260 ℃, carry out pre-oxidation, preoxidation time is 1h; Under nitrogen protection, carry out carbonization then, the heating rate during carbonization is 15 ℃/min, and carburizing temperature is 1000 ℃, and carbonization constant temperature 60min is cooled to room temperature, promptly gets the individual protection that can be used for decomposing biochemical reagents with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane.
Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the porosity of this composite cellulosic membrane is 82%, and specific area is 720m 2/ g, intensity is 3.1GPa, and modulus is 130GPa, and the resolution ratio to biochemical reagents simulant paraoxon in 10 minutes is 86%.
Embodiment 5
Under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature; 1.775g titanium isopropoxide and 1.130g zinc acetate are added in the 25g ethanol; Again the 11.959g polyvinylpyrrolidone is joined in the above-mentioned solution, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 6h, obtain the spinning solution A of character homogeneous with 150rpm speed; The 2.8g polyacrylonitrile is joined 17.2gN, in the dinethylformamide, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 10h, obtain the spinning solution B of character homogeneous with 100rpm speed; Under the condition of 25 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 30%; Spinning solution A and spinning solution B are input on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine with the flow of 1.6mL/h simultaneously; Simultaneously carry out electrostatic spinning under the 30kV voltage conditions applying on the electrostatic spinning machine; On the aluminium foil receiver of reciprocating electrostatic spinning machine, the distance between receiver and the spinning head is 5cm with fiber laydown; Spinning process is taken off polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane, and is carried out vacuumize 1h after accomplishing from the aluminium foil receiver; Under 160 ℃ of conditions, polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is stretched to 6 times of former composite cellulosic membrane with the speed of 15m/min; Tunica fibrosa after the stretch processing is placed vacuum tube furnace, under 280 ℃, carry out pre-oxidation, preoxidation time is 2h; Under nitrogen protection, carry out carbonization then, the heating rate during carbonization is 5 ℃/min, and carburizing temperature is 1200 ℃, and carbonization constant temperature 50min is cooled to room temperature, promptly gets the individual protection that can be used for decomposing biochemical reagents with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane.
Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the porosity of this composite cellulosic membrane is 78%, and specific area is 650m 2/ g, intensity is 3.8GPa, and modulus is 142GPa, and the resolution ratio to biochemical reagents simulant paraoxon in 10 minutes is 80%.
Embodiment 6
Under 24 ℃ of conditions of room temperature; 2.13g titanium isopropoxide and 0.904g zinc acetate are added in the 40g ethanol; Again the 4.782g polyvinylpyrrolidone is joined in the above-mentioned solution, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 7h, obtain the spinning solution A of character homogeneous with 140rpm speed; The 3.2g polyacrylonitrile is joined 16.8gN, in the dinethylformamide, gained solution is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus stirs 8h, obtain the spinning solution B of character homogeneous with 120rpm speed; Under the condition of 24 ℃ of room temperatures, humidity 20%; Spinning solution A and spinning solution B are input on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine with the flow of 2mL/h simultaneously; Simultaneously carry out electrostatic spinning under the 25kV voltage conditions applying on the electrostatic spinning machine; On the aluminium foil receiver of reciprocating electrostatic spinning machine, the distance between receiver and the spinning head is 25cm with fiber laydown; Spinning process is taken off polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane, and is carried out vacuumize 1h after accomplishing from the aluminium foil receiver; Under 130 ℃ of conditions, polyacrylonitrile/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane is stretched to 9 times of former composite cellulosic membrane with the speed of 15m/min; Tunica fibrosa after the stretch processing is placed vacuum tube furnace, under 280 ℃, carry out pre-oxidation, preoxidation time is 3h; Under nitrogen protection, carry out carbonization then, the heating rate during carbonization is 10 ℃/min, and carburizing temperature is 1400 ℃, and carbonization constant temperature 60min is cooled to room temperature, promptly gets the individual protection that can be used for decomposing biochemical reagents with carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite cellulosic membrane.
Under 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the porosity of this composite cellulosic membrane is 79%, and specific area is 550m 2/ g, intensity is 3.5GPa, and modulus is 132GPa, and the resolution ratio to biochemical reagents simulant paraoxon in 10 minutes is 83%.

Claims (5)

1. an individual protection is characterized in that with the preparation method of carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: at ambient temperature, 0.3-2.5 g titanium isopropoxide and 0.8-2.2 g zinc acetate are added 10-50 g alcohol solvent, add polyvinylpyrrolidone again, carry out stirring and dissolving, obtain spinning solution A with the rotating speed of 80-200 rpm;
Second step: at ambient temperature, polyacrylonitrile is added N, in the dinethylformamide solvent, carry out stirring and dissolving, obtain spinning solution B with the rotating speed of 60-150 rpm;
The 3rd step: in room temperature, relative humidity is under the condition of 10-60 %; The spinning solution B that the spinning solution A that the first step is obtained and second step obtain is transported to respectively with same traffic on adjacent two spinning heads of electrostatic spinning machine and carries out electrostatic spinning; Make fiber laydown on receiver, mix film forming, get composite cellulosic membrane;
The 4th step: after the 3rd step, the composite cellulosic membrane that obtains carried out vacuumize 1-3 h, under 100-170 ℃, carry out stretch processing with the draw speed of 5-20 m/min;
The 5th step: the composite cellulosic membrane that the 4th step was obtained places air to carry out pre-oxidation, and the pre-oxidation temperature is 180-300 ℃, and preoxidation time is 2-3 h;
The 6th step: the composite cellulosic membrane that the 5th step was obtained carries out carbonization under nitrogen protection, temperature is 900-1800 ℃, and heating rate is 3-15 ℃/min, and constant temperature time is 50-120 min, is cooled to room temperature at last.
2. a kind of individual protection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with the preparation method of carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite the mass percent of the polyvinylpyrrolidone in the described first step is 10-50 %.
3. a kind of individual protection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with the preparation method of carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite the mass percent of the polyacrylonitrile in described second step is 5-25 %.
4. a kind of individual protection as claimed in claim 1 is with the preparation method of carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite; It is characterized in that; Spinning solution A in described the 3rd step and the flow of spinning solution B are respectively 0.5-5 mL/h; Distance between spinning head and the receiver is 5-30 cm, and spinning voltage is 8-35 kV.
5. a kind of individual protection as claimed in claim 1 is with the preparation method of carbon nano-fiber/zinc titanate composite; It is characterized in that, described the 3rd the step in receiver be in aluminium foil, copper mesh, fabric, iron plate, conduction paperboard and the nonwoven fabric any one or two or more.
CN2011104194750A 2011-12-15 2011-12-15 Carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection and production method of carbon nanofiber/zinc titanate composite for personal protection Pending CN102560890A (en)

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CN106192212A (en) * 2016-07-03 2016-12-07 郑州轻工业学院 A kind of preparation method of nano-cellulose based carbon fiber mesh non-woven fabrics flexible electrode
CN106192212B (en) * 2016-07-03 2018-07-31 郑州轻工业学院 A kind of preparation method of nano-cellulose based carbon fiber mesh non-woven fabrics flexible electrode
CN107970902A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-05-01 马鞍山市心洲葡萄专业合作社 A kind of preparation method of organic gas absorption purifier

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Application publication date: 20120711