CN102560182A - Method and device for smelting CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere - Google Patents
Method and device for smelting CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN102560182A CN102560182A CN2011104623614A CN201110462361A CN102560182A CN 102560182 A CN102560182 A CN 102560182A CN 2011104623614 A CN2011104623614 A CN 2011104623614A CN 201110462361 A CN201110462361 A CN 201110462361A CN 102560182 A CN102560182 A CN 102560182A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting a CuCrZr alloy in the atmosphere. The method comprises the following steps: performing melting and dehydrogenation on electrolytic copper in the atmosphere; adding a fusing agent in liquid electrolytic copper; respectively selecting a Cu-Cr master alloy and a Cu-Zr master alloy as a Cr additive and a Zr additive, carrying out a shock melting process so as to form a liquid CuCrZr alloy; guiding the liquid CuCrZr alloy into a casting mould; and cooling and opening the casting mould. The device for smelting the CuCrZr alloy comprises a smelting furnace, a shock melting device and a casting device, wherein the shock melting device comprises a crucible, a preheating furnace and a thermal insulation cover, the liquid electrolytic copper in the smelting furnace is guided into the crucible; and the casting device comprises a mould casting disk and an upper cover, the mould casting disk is provided with a plurality of ingot casting areas, the liquid CuCrZr alloy in the crucible is injected into the ingot casting areas through guide channels, and the mould casting disk is communicated with a nitrogen air source. By adopting the method and device for smelting the CuCrZr alloy, shock melting and casting can be completed in the atmospheric environment; and the method and the device have the advantages of high production efficiency and low production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to melting method and the equipment thereof of a kind of CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere, belong to non-ferrous metal alloy smelting technique field.
Background technology
The CuCrZr alloy belongs to the precipitation hardenable copper alloy; Have useful over-all propertieies such as HS, high conductivity, high softening temperature; Be mainly used in the motor of making automatic electric welding machine, unicircuit frame material, electric railway locomotive slip, large cast steel crystallization equipment etc.; Market potential is very big, and founding CuCrZr alloy then is first procedure of producing this alloy.
In the CuCrZr alloy production, the chemical property of zirconium and chromium is very active and density is all low than copper.Melting is that zirconium and chromium are difficult to enter into the copper matrix, all suspend and the copper melt surface.In addition; Liquid electrolytic copper, chromium and zirconium be very easily oxidation and air-breathing all; And in the suction liquid alloy oxygen can not only be with a large amount of scaling loss of chromium, and the zirconium scaling loss totally, and can produce a large amount of pores with loose, shrinkage cavity also significantly deepens (can reach ingot casting 30～35%); Not only worsen the mechanical property and the cold machining process performance of alloy, and greatly reduced the lumber recovery of ingot casting.
In order to ensure the CuCrZr alloy mass, prevent that chromium from being burnouted by a large amount of scaling loss, zirconium, all in vacuum oven, smelt both at home and abroad and casting.Owing to must be provided with melting and casting two cover facilities in the vacuum oven, so appearance it seems an of such a size vacuum electric furnace, and smelting furnace is very little in fact, and mostly the melting amount is about 30～50 kilograms.The melting amount be hundred kilograms promptly belonged to electric furnace.The Cu-Cr-Zr alloy shrinkage is very big in addition, and shrinkage cavity accounts for 1/3 of ingot casting, and mass output rate is too low, and energy consumption is big, and production cost is very high.
Summary of the invention
Low for overcoming existing vacuum melting technology mass output rate; Energy consumption is big, and the shortcoming that production cost is high the invention provides a kind of can in atmospheric environment, the completion and dashes molten casting; Production efficiency is high, melting method and the equipment thereof of CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere that production cost is low.
The melting method of CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere may further comprise the steps:
1), electrolytic copper is melted in atmosphere and dehydrogenation is handled, obtain the electrolytic copper of liquid state, the dehydrogenation processing finished when fusing was accomplished;
2), electrolytic copper fusing adds flux after finishing immediately in liquid electrolytic copper, flux melts and also on the copper liquid level, forms the fine and close protective layer of one deck thickness, the thickness of protective layer is 20 ± 5mm preferably; Described flux is the mixture of water glass and glass cullet, and wherein glass cullet account for 25～35% of flux total amount, and surplus is water glass;
3), select Cu-Cr mother alloy and Cu-Zr mother alloy respectively as the Cr additive and the Zr additive that dash molten CuCrZr alloy; Mass content≤5.0% of Cr and temperature of fusion are lower than 1170 ℃ in the described Cu-Cr mother alloy, quality≤30% of Zr and temperature of fusion≤1000 ℃ in the described Cu-Zr mother alloy;
Forming liquid CuCrZr alloy towards process of smelting may further comprise the steps:
(3.1), applying one deck bottom charcoal bisque towards molten with the even shakedown of crucible bottom;
(3.2), mixed uniformly CuCr mother alloy and CuZr mother alloy form to dash and moltenly use mother alloy particle, mother alloy particle to account for ratio≤10% of alloy gross weight, wherein Cr accounts for CuCrZr alloy gross weight 0.6%, Zr accounts for 0.3% of CuCrZr alloy gross weight; The granularity of described CuCr mother alloy and CuZr mother alloy is 1～3mm, and mother alloy uniform particles shakedown is spread on the charcoal bisque of bottom;
(3.3) on the mother alloy granular layer, evenly cover one deck and mix the reductor layer that forms by strong reductor Cu-Mg mother alloy powder and flaky graphite, the ratio of mixture of strong reductor Cu-Mg mother alloy powder and flaky graphite is 1: 3;
On the described reductor layer evenly the shop apply reduction charcoal bisque, evenly cover one deck straw grieshoch on the described reduction charcoal bisque, described reduction charcoal bisque and straw grieshoch form the reductant layer that dashes when melting;
(3.4), will place preheating oven with crucible towards molten, preheated crucible is heated to liquid electrolytic copper >=1200 ℃ to >=600 ℃, and liquid electrolytic copper is directly imported under the reductant layer, contacts with the mother alloy particle; Wait liquid electrolytic copper melts the mother alloy particle fully and forms the liquid CuCrZr alloy of well blend;
Dash molten bottom with crucible and have extraction line, the mouth of pipe of described extraction line is inserted with the stopper rod that stops up extraction line;
4), dash and moltenly to be provided with the mold that waters of sealing with the crucible below, in watering mold, charge into nitrogen, when nitrogen is full of when watering mold fully, open stopper rod, the extraction line of crucible waters the importing of liquid CuCrZr alloy in the mold;
5), the temperature in watering mold reduces to≤600 ℃ the time, stop in watering mold, to charge into nitrogen, open the CuCrZr alloy cast ingot that mold can obtain solid-like.
Further, in the step (3.3), on the straw grieshoch, be coated with the Borax pentahydrate powder.The thickness of Borax pentahydrate powder is 1～2mm preferably, can rice-straw ash be sticked together securely after the borax powder fusing, not only can protect metal bath surface, and after casting finishes, also can be easy to the will become one reductant layer take out.
Further, the thickness of the bottom charcoal bisque in the step (3.1) 5～10mm preferably; The thickness of the reductor layer in the step (3.3) is 5～0mm preferably, and the thickness of reduction charcoal bisque is 10～15mm preferably, and the thickness of straw grieshoch is 60～100mm preferably.The charcoal bisque has stronger reducing power; Can stop the oxidation of liquid CuCrZr alloy and flaky graphite; The straw grieshoch also has reducing power and the straw grieshoch is light and fine and close, and air is difficult to pass, and can slow down the oxidation of charcoal bisque greatly and burn speed.
Use the equipment of the melting method founding CuCrZr alloy of described CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere; Comprise smelting furnace with the electrolytic copper fusing; With Cr and Zr dash fuse into form in the liquid electrolytic copper liquid CuCrZr alloy dash fusing device and with the pouring device of liquid CuCrZr alloy cast ingot;
Hold CuCr and CuZr mother alloy particulate crucible described comprising towards fusing device, the preheating oven of heating crucible and be covered in the insulation cover that the preheating oven top stops heat outwards to distribute, and described crucible places preheating oven inner; Described mother alloy particle top is equipped with the reductant layer of secluding air, and the bottom of described crucible is provided with extraction line, and described extraction line is provided with switch-valve; Liquid electrolytic copper in the described smelting furnace imports in the described crucible and contacts, forms liquid CuCrZr alloy with CuCr with CuZr mother alloy particle;
Described pouring device comprises the mold dish and the loam cake that seals described mold dish that includes a plurality of ingot castings zone; Be distributed with a plurality of ingot castings zone in the described mold dish; Be provided with in the described loam cake liquid CuCrZr alloy is imported the flow-guiding channel in each ingot casting zone; Described flow-guiding channel is provided with a plurality of sprues, the corresponding ingot casting zone of each sprue; The crucible extraction line is communicated with described flow-guiding channel, and described mold dish is communicated with the nitrogen source of the gas.
Further, the switch-valve of described extraction line is to be inserted with the crucible stopper rod that stops the liquid discharging in the crucible, and described crucible stopper rod exposes to described insulation cover, and described crucible stopper rod is the graphite stopper rod.
Further, be provided with the base of placing crucible in the described preheating oven, described crucible extraction line runs through described base.
Further, described pouring device also comprises the casting basin that is connected with mold dish loam cake, and the extraction line of crucible inserts in the described casting basin, is provided with the flux sealing coat that intercepts atmosphere and liquid CuCrZr alloy in the described casting basin; Described casting basin is provided with inlet, and described inlet is communicated with described flow-guiding channel; The outer wall of described casting basin is provided with the outward extending fin of a circle, and the cross section of described fin is
shape;
Cover on the described mold dish and be provided with two concentric annulus, the lower edge of described fin inserts between two annulus, between annulus and the fin water seal is set.
Further; The outer side wall of described mold dish loam cake is provided with circle
shape fin; Described mold dish is provided with and allows the loam cake fin to insert the groove in it, between described groove and the loam cake fin water seal is set.
Further, described mold dish comprises shell and mould inner disc, the described ingot casting of uniform distribution zone on the described mould inner disc, and described shell is provided with nitrogen inlet and nitrogen outlet, and described nitrogen inlet is connected with the nitrogen source of the gas.Nitrogen gets in the mold dish through nitrogen inlet, flows out through nitrogen outlet, and nitrogen constantly is full of the mold dish gradually, in the mold dish, forms oxygen-free environment, and liquid CuCrZr alloy carries out the anaerobic casting under protection of nitrogen gas.
Further, described smelting furnace comprises the tapping channel of liquid electrolytic copper, and described tapping channel is provided with discharge tube, is inserted with the discharging stopper rod in the described discharge tube;
Described smelting furnace and water basin towards being provided with earial drainage between the fusing device, described earial drainage water that the basin upper berth is covered with the liquid barrier electrolytic copper and atmospheric earial drainage waters the basin solvent layer, and described discharge tube inserts earial drainage and waters basin flux layer below; Described earial drainage waters basin and is provided with the leak-off pipe in the liquid electrolytic copper importing crucible, and described leak-off pipe inserts in the mother alloy particle of crucible.Be loaded with CuCr and CuZr mother alloy particle in the crucible, reductant layer is applied in the shop above the mother alloy particle, and in the time of in the high-temp liquid electrolytic copper gets into crucible, reductant layer forms the resist of one deck liquid barrier alloy and air, stops the oxidation of Cr and Zr.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: earlier electrolytic copper is melted; Fuse into Cr and Zr formation liquid CuCrZr alloy through in electrolytic copper, dashing, when dashing molten Cr and Zr, come secluding air through reductant layer towards process of smelting; Stop oxygen to get in the liquid electrolytic copper, reduce the loss of Cr and Zr; At last under protection of nitrogen gas, with liquid CuCrZr alloy cast ingot.
The present invention is dashing when molten, and the fusing point of CuCr and CuZr mother alloy is low, and the speed of fusing into of Cr and Zr is fast, and lack tap to tap time, the efficient height; Be provided with reductor layer and reductant layer, can significantly reduce the burn out rate of Cr and Zr, make the rate of fusing into >=90%, the zirconium of chromium fuse into rate >=85%; And be pore and loose obviously minimizing, alloy is fine and close more.Finish to the liquid alloy casting from dashing molten the beginning, consuming timely only need 4～5 minutes, production efficiency is high.
The present invention has can in atmospheric environment, accomplish to dash melts casting, and production efficiency is high, the advantage that production cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of founding CuCrZr alloy equipment.
Fig. 2 is the decomposing schematic representation of pouring device.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of mold dish loam cake.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of flow-guiding channel in the mold dish loam cake.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of mold dish.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of mold dish.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The melting method of CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere may further comprise the steps:
1), electrolytic copper is melted in atmosphere and dehydrogenation is handled, obtain the electrolytic copper of liquid state, the dehydrogenation processing finished when fusing was accomplished;
2), electrolytic copper fusing adds flux after finishing immediately in liquid electrolytic copper, flux melts and also on the copper liquid level, forms the fine and close protective layer of one deck thickness, the thickness of protective layer is 20 ± 5mm preferably; Described flux is the mixture of water glass and glass cullet, and wherein glass cullet account for 25～35% of flux total amount;
3), select Cu-Cr mother alloy and Cu-Zr mother alloy respectively as the Cr additive and the Zr additive that dash molten CuCrZr alloy; Mass content≤5.0% of Cr and temperature of fusion are lower than 1170 ℃ in the described Cu-Cr mother alloy, mass content≤30% of Zr and temperature of fusion≤1000 ℃ in the described Cu-Zr mother alloy;
Forming liquid CuCrZr alloy towards process of smelting may further comprise the steps:
(3.1), moltenly apply one deck bottom charcoal bisque dashing, the thickness of bottom charcoal bisque is 5～10mm preferably with the even shakedown of crucible bottom;
(3.2), mixed uniformly CuCr mother alloy and CuZr mother alloy form and dash the molten mother alloy particle of using; The mother alloy particle accounts for ratio≤10% of alloy gross weight (if the mother alloy particle is too much; To cause the liquid alloy fast cooling; The uniformity coefficient of molten quality, the alloying constituent of liquidating all can produce detrimentally affect), wherein Cr accounts for CuCrZr alloy gross weight 0.6%, and Zr accounts for 0.3% of CuCrZr mother alloy gross weight; The granularity of described CuCr mother alloy and CuZr mother alloy is 1～3mm, and mother alloy uniform particles shakedown is spread on the charcoal bisque of bottom;
(3.3) on the mother alloy granular layer, evenly cover one deck and mix the reductor layer that forms by strong reductor Cu-Mg mother alloy powder and flaky graphite; The ratio of mixture of strong reductor Cu-Mg mother alloy powder and flaky graphite is 1: 3, and the thickness of reductor layer is 5～10mm preferably;
Evenly spread on the described reductor layer and apply reduction charcoal bisque; The thickness of reduction charcoal bisque is 10～15mm preferably; Evenly cover one deck straw grieshoch on the described reduction charcoal bisque; The thickness of straw grieshoch is 60～100mm preferably, and described reduction charcoal bisque and straw grieshoch form the reductant layer that dashes when melting; The charcoal bisque has stronger reducing power; Can stop the oxidation of liquid CuCrZr alloy and flaky graphite; The straw grieshoch also has reducing power and the straw grieshoch is light and fine and close, and air is difficult to pass, and can slow down the oxidation of charcoal bisque greatly and burn speed.
Preferably cover one deck Borax pentahydrate powder on the straw grieshoch; The thickness of Borax pentahydrate powder is 1～2mm preferably; Can rice-straw ash be sticked together securely after the borax powder fusing, not only can protect metal bath surface, and after casting finishes, also can be easy to the will become one reductant layer take out; Adopt above-mentioned put the oxidation measure after, the burn out rate of alloying element chromium and zirconium obviously reduces, and is respectively about 10～15%.
(3.4), will place preheating oven with crucible towards molten, preheated crucible is heated to liquid electrolytic copper >=1200 ℃ to >=600 ℃, and liquid electrolytic copper is directly imported under the reductant layer, contacts with the mother alloy particle; Stopped 1～2 minute, wait liquid electrolytic copper melts the mother alloy particle fully and forms the liquid CuCrZr alloy of well blend;
Dash molten bottom with crucible and have extraction line, the mouth of pipe of described extraction line is inserted with the stopper rod that stops up extraction line;
4), dash and moltenly to be provided with the mold that waters of sealing with the crucible below, in watering mold, charge into nitrogen, when nitrogen is full of when watering mold fully, open stopper rod, the extraction line of crucible waters the importing of liquid CuCrZr alloy in the mold;
5), the temperature in watering mold reduces to≤600 ℃ the time, stop in watering mold, to charge into nitrogen, open the CuCrZr alloy cast ingot that mold can obtain solid-like.
Finish to the liquid alloy casting from dashing molten the beginning, only 4～5 minutes consuming time, weak point consuming time, production efficiency is high.
In the step 1), electrolytic copper be the positive cupric ion that goes out of ionization under effect of electric field, form in the negative plate deposition, therefore, the few or basic oxygen-free of the oxygen level of electrolytic copper also becomes " oxygen free copper ".Because the hydrogen that in electrolytic process, produces of copper can worsen the various performances of copper and copper alloy, electrolytic copper that therefore must liquid towards carries out the dehydrogenation processing.And electrolytic copper is in the atmosphere of low-level oxidation in the melting process, can rationally hang down the liquid copper that utilization rolls up and down and from air, suck oxygen, comes to remove effectively the hydrogen in the liquid copper.But, if the oxygen that liquid copper sucks is excessive, then can cause the excessive scaling loss of alloying element, thus the electrolytic copper fusing when finishing dehydrogenation handle and finish, must with solvent copper liquid level and atmosphere be separated immediately.
The content of chromium and zirconium seldom (≤1%) in the CuCrZr alloy; Air-breathing not obvious; Little with the generation relation of pore, defective such as loose; Liquid electrolytic copper air-breathing is only the major cause that the CuCrZr alloy produces pore, loose and mis-behave, and therefore, it is extremely important after the electrolytic copper fusing finishes, to add flux, isolated atmosphere and liquid electrolytic copper immediately.Step 2) in, the amount of glass cullet is wanted suitably in the flux, when glass cullet are too much, and protective layer easy of crack, protection weak effect, even cause liquid alloy directly to contact with atmosphere, the inspiratory capacity of liquid alloy increases.When glass cullet are very few; The viscosity of sealer and thickness can obviously descend again, and liquid alloy seethes violent position and liquid metal will occur and directly contact with air, cause the oxygen level of liquid electrolytic copper to rise; Increase the burn out rate of copper, reduce the mechanical property of alloy.
Because of the fusing point of Cr and Zr is very high, be respectively 1875 ℃ and 1852 ℃, far above 1083 ℃ of the fusing points of copper, general electric furnace is difficult to reach this temperature, and the difficulty of melting is also very big under high temperature like this.The wood alloying pellet can fuse in the liquid copper smoothly when molten in order guarantee to dash, and dashes and melt the copper alloy that and need not reheat and heat up and can build, and must select for use to meet Cu-Cr and the Cu-Zr mother alloy that requires in the step 3).
Though the liquid zirconium can absorb nearly all gas beyond the rare gas element,, therefore preferably in preheating oven, feed rare gas element as shielding gas like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas etc.But, since in the CuCrZr alloy to contain the zirconium amount considerably less, can not mind very much the air-breathing problem of zirconium.
With reference to Fig. 1-6
Use the equipment of the melting method founding CuCrZr alloy of described CuCrZr alloy in atmosphere; Comprise smelting furnace 1 with the electrolytic copper fusing; With Cr and Zr dash fuse into form in the liquid electrolytic copper liquid CuCrZr alloy dash fusing device and with the pouring device of liquid CuCrZr alloy cast ingot;
Hold CuCr and CuZr mother alloy particulate crucible 9 described comprising towards fusing device, the preheating oven 8 of heating crucible and be covered in the insulation cover 7 that preheating oven 8 tops stop heat outwards to distribute, and described crucible 9 places preheating oven 8 inside; Described mother alloy particle top is equipped with the reductant layer 10 of secluding air, and the bottom of described crucible 9 is provided with extraction line 16, and described extraction line 16 is provided with switch-valve; Liquid electrolytic copper 2 in the described smelting furnace 1 imports in the described crucible 9 and contacts, forms liquid CuCrZr alloy 11 with CuCr with CuZr mother alloy particle;
Described pouring device comprises the mold dish 15 and the loam cake 14 that seals described mold dish 15 that includes a plurality of ingot castings zone; Be distributed with a plurality of ingot castings zone A in the described mold dish 15; Be provided with in the described loam cake 14 liquid CuCrZr alloy 11 is imported the flow-guiding channel B among the A of each ingot casting zone; Described flow-guiding channel B is provided with a plurality of sprue C, the corresponding ingot casting of each sprue C zone A; Crucible extraction line 16 is communicated with described flow-guiding channel B, and described mold dish 15 is communicated with the nitrogen source of the gas.In the present embodiment, crucible 9 adopts plumbago crucible, and preheating oven 8 adopts the insulation resistance furnace, and insulation cover 7 is the cement lid.
The switch-valve of described extraction line 16 is to be inserted with the crucible stopper rod 6 that stops the liquid discharging in the crucible 9, and described crucible stopper rod 6 exposes to described insulation cover 7, and described crucible stopper rod 6 is the graphite stopper rod; Crucible stopper rod 6 exposes to insulation cover 7, is convenient to plug crucible stopper rod 6 to open or closing crucible extraction line 16.
Be provided with the base 12 of placing crucible 9 in the described preheating oven 8, described crucible extraction line 16 runs through described base 12.
Described pouring device also comprises the casting basin 13 that is connected with mold dish 15 loam cakes, and the extraction line 16 of crucible 9 inserts in the described casting basin 13, is provided with the flux sealing coat that intercepts atmosphere and liquid CuCrZr alloy in the described casting basin 13; Described casting basin 13 is provided with inlet D, and described inlet D is communicated with described flow-guiding channel B; The outer wall of described casting basin 13 is provided with the outward extending fin 17 of a circle, and the cross section of described fin 17 is
shape; Described mold dish loam cake 14 is provided with two concentric annulus 18,19, and the lower edge of described fin 17 inserts two annulus 18, between 19, between annulus 18,19 and the fin 17 water seal is set.Inlet D is arranged at the bottom of casting basin 13, and crucible extraction line 16 passes the flux sealing coat liquid CuCrZr alloy is injected in the casting basin 13, and the flux sealing coat stops liquid CuCrZr oxygen intake.Between casting basin 13 and mold dish 15 loam cakes, water seal is set, further stops air contact liq CuCrZr.
The outer side wall of described mold dish loam cake 14 is provided with circle
shape fin 20; Described mold dish 15 is provided with and allows the loam cake fin to insert the groove 21 in it, between described groove 21 and the loam cake fin 20 water seal is set.Between mold dish loam cake 14 and mold dish 15, water seal is set, guarantees the stopping property in the mold dish 15, stop in the air admission mold dish 15, be convenient to build and keep the oxygen-free environment in the mold dish.
Described mold dish 15 comprises shell 151 and mould inner disc 152, the described ingot casting of uniform distribution zone A on the described mould inner disc 152, and described shell 151 is provided with nitrogen inlet and nitrogen outlet, and described nitrogen inlet is connected with the nitrogen source of the gas.Nitrogen gets in the mold dish through nitrogen inlet, flows out through nitrogen outlet, and nitrogen constantly is full of mold dish 15 gradually, in mold dish 15, forms oxygen-free environment, and liquid CuCrZr alloy carries out the anaerobic casting under protection of nitrogen gas.
Described smelting furnace 1 comprises the tapping channel 3 of liquid electrolytic copper, and described tapping channel is provided with discharge tube 22, is inserted with discharging stopper rod 4 in the described discharge tube 22;
Described smelting furnace 1 and water basin 5 towards being provided with earial drainage between the fusing device, described earial drainage water that basin 5 upper berths are covered with the liquid barrier electrolytic copper and atmospheric earial drainage waters the basin solvent layer, and described discharge tube 22 inserts earial drainages and waters basin flux layer below; Described earial drainage waters basin 5 and is provided with the leak-off pipe 23 in the liquid electrolytic copper importing crucible 9, and described leak-off pipe 23 inserts in the mother alloy particle of crucibles 9.Be loaded with CuCr and CuZr mother alloy particle in the crucible 9, reductant layer is applied in the shop above the mother alloy particle, and in the time of in the high-temp liquid electrolytic copper gets into crucible 9, reductant layer forms the resist of one deck liquid barrier alloy and air, stops the oxidation of Cr and Zr.The high-temp liquid electrolytic copper then weldable mother alloy particle that need not heat up forms liquid CuCrZr alloy.This leak-off pipe is the graphite leak-off pipe.
The working process of the device of present embodiment is; Electrolytic copper melts in smelting furnace 1 and forms liquid electrolytic copper; Mention discharging stopper rod 4, liquid electrolytic copper and get into the earial drainage that earial drainages water basin 5 through discharge tube 22 and water basin flux layer below, earial drainage waters the basin flux layer and stops air to contact with liquid electrolytic copper 2.Liquid electrolytic copper 2 gets into reductant layer below in the crucible 9 so far, contact with the mother alloy particle through leak-off pipe 23 again, and fusing mother alloy particle, with Cr and Zr towards fusing in the copper liquid formation liquid CuCrZr.Liquid CuCrZr imports the flux sealing coat below of casting basin 15 through crucible 9 extraction lines; Then get in the flow-guiding channel B of mold dish loam cake 14; Flow-guiding channel B imports each mold zone A under nitrogen protection with liquid CuCrZr, after cooling, can obtain the CuCrZr ingot casting.
The described content of this specification sheets embodiment only is enumerating the way of realization of inventive concept; Protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as and only limit to the specific form that embodiment states, protection scope of the present invention also reach in those skilled in the art conceive according to the present invention the equivalent technologies means that can expect.
Claims (10)
1.CuCrZr the melting method of alloy in atmosphere may further comprise the steps:
1), electrolytic copper is melted in atmosphere and dehydrogenation is handled, obtain the electrolytic copper of liquid state, the dehydrogenation processing finished when fusing was accomplished;
2), electrolytic copper fusing adds flux after finishing immediately in liquid electrolytic copper, flux melts and also on the copper liquid level, forms the fine and close protective layer of one deck thickness;
3), select Cu-Cr mother alloy and Cu-Zr mother alloy respectively as the Cr additive and the Zr additive that dash molten CuCrZr alloy; Mass content≤5.0% of Cr and temperature of fusion are lower than 1170 ℃ in the described Cu-Cr mother alloy, mass content≤30% of Zr and temperature of fusion≤1000 ℃ in the described Cu-Zr mother alloy;
Forming liquid CuCrZr alloy towards process of smelting may further comprise the steps:
(3.1), applying one deck bottom charcoal bisque towards molten with the even shakedown of crucible bottom;
(3.2), mixed uniformly CuCr mother alloy and CuZr mother alloy form to dash and moltenly use mother alloy particle, mother alloy particle to account for ratio≤10% of alloy gross weight, wherein Cr accounts for CuCrZr alloy gross weight 0.6%, Zr accounts for 0.3% of CuCrZr alloy gross weight; The granularity of described CuCr mother alloy and CuZr mother alloy is 1～3mm, and mother alloy uniform particles shakedown is spread on the charcoal bisque of bottom;
(3.3) on the mother alloy granular layer, evenly cover one deck and mix the reductor layer that forms by strong reductor Cu-Mg mother alloy powder and flaky graphite, the ratio of mixture of strong reductor Cu-Mg mother alloy powder and flaky graphite is 1: 3;
On the described reductor layer evenly the shop apply reduction charcoal bisque, evenly cover one deck straw grieshoch on the described reduction charcoal bisque, described reduction charcoal bisque and straw grieshoch form the reductant layer that dashes when melting;
(3.4), will place preheating oven with crucible towards molten, preheated crucible is heated to liquid electrolytic copper >=1200 ℃ to >=600 ℃, and liquid electrolytic copper is directly imported under the reductant layer, contacts with the mother alloy particle; Wait liquid electrolytic copper melts the mother alloy particle fully and forms the liquid CuCrZr alloy of well blend;
Dash molten bottom with crucible and have extraction line, the mouth of pipe of described extraction line is inserted with the stopper rod that stops up extraction line;
4), dash and moltenly to be provided with the mold that waters of sealing with the crucible below, in watering mold, charge into nitrogen, when nitrogen is full of when watering mold fully, open stopper rod, the extraction line of crucible waters the importing of liquid CuCrZr alloy in the mold;
5), the temperature in watering mold reduces to≤600 ℃ the time, stop in watering mold, to charge into nitrogen, open the CuCrZr alloy cast ingot that mold can obtain solid-like.
2. the melting method of CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 1 in atmosphere is characterized in that: step 2) in, the thickness of protective layer is 20 ± 5mm preferably; Described flux is the mixture of water glass and glass cullet, and wherein glass cullet account for 25～35% of flux total amount.
3. the melting method of CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 1 in atmosphere is characterized in that: in the step (3.3), on the straw grieshoch, be coated with the Borax pentahydrate powder, the thickness of Borax pentahydrate powder is 1～2mm preferably.
4. the melting method of CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 1 in atmosphere is characterized in that: the thickness of the bottom charcoal bisque in the step (3.1) is 5～10mm preferably; The thickness of the reductor layer in the step (3.3) is 5～10mm preferably, and the thickness of reduction charcoal bisque is 10～15mm preferably, and the thickness of straw grieshoch is 60～100mm preferably.The charcoal bisque has stronger reducing power; Can stop the oxidation of liquid CuCrZr alloy and flaky graphite; The straw grieshoch also has reducing power and the straw grieshoch is light and fine and close, and air is difficult to pass, and can slow down the oxidation of charcoal bisque greatly and burn speed.
5. use the equipment of the melting method founding CuCrZr alloy of CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 1 in atmosphere; It is characterized in that: comprise smelting furnace the electrolytic copper fusing; With Cr and Zr dash fuse into form in the liquid electrolytic copper liquid CuCrZr alloy dash fusing device and with the pouring device of liquid CuCrZr alloy cast ingot;
Hold CuCr and CuZr mother alloy particulate crucible described comprising towards fusing device, the preheating oven of heating crucible and be covered in the insulation cover that the preheating oven top stops heat outwards to distribute, and described crucible places preheating oven inner; Described mother alloy particle top is equipped with the reductant layer of secluding air, and the bottom of described crucible is provided with extraction line, and described extraction line is provided with switch-valve; Liquid electrolytic copper in the described smelting furnace imports in the described crucible and contacts, forms liquid CuCrZr alloy with CuCr with CuZr mother alloy particle;
Described pouring device comprises the mold dish and the loam cake that seals described mold dish that includes a plurality of ingot castings zone; Be distributed with a plurality of ingot castings zone in the described mold dish; Be provided with in the described loam cake liquid CuCrZr alloy is imported the flow-guiding channel in each ingot casting zone; Described flow-guiding channel is provided with a plurality of sprues, the corresponding ingot casting zone of each sprue; The crucible extraction line is communicated with described flow-guiding channel, and described mold dish is communicated with the nitrogen source of the gas.
6. the equipment of founding CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that: the switch-valve of described extraction line is to be inserted with the crucible stopper rod that stops the liquid discharging in the crucible; Described crucible stopper rod exposes to described insulation cover, and described crucible stopper rod is the graphite stopper rod;
Be provided with the base of placing crucible in the described preheating oven, described crucible extraction line runs through described base.
7. like the equipment of claim 5 or 6 described founding CuCrZr alloys; It is characterized in that: described pouring device also comprises the casting basin that is connected with mold dish loam cake; The extraction line of crucible inserts in the described casting basin, is provided with the flux sealing coat that intercepts atmosphere and liquid CuCrZr alloy in the described casting basin; Described casting basin is provided with inlet, and described inlet is communicated with described flow-guiding channel; The outer wall of described casting basin is provided with the outward extending fin of a circle, and the cross section of described fin is
shape; Cover on the described mold dish and be provided with two concentric annulus, the lower edge of described fin inserts between two annulus, between annulus and the fin water seal is set.
8. the equipment of founding CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that: the outer side wall of described mold dish loam cake is provided with circle
shape fin; Described mold dish is provided with and allows the loam cake fin to insert the groove in it, between described groove and the loam cake fin water seal is set.
9. the equipment of founding CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that: described mold dish comprises shell and mould inner disc; The described ingot casting of uniform distribution zone on the described mould inner disc; Described shell is provided with nitrogen inlet and nitrogen outlet, and described nitrogen inlet is connected with the nitrogen source of the gas.
10. the equipment of founding CuCrZr alloy as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: described smelting furnace comprises the tapping channel of liquid electrolytic copper, and described tapping channel is provided with discharge tube, is inserted with the discharging stopper rod in the described discharge tube;
Described smelting furnace and water basin towards being provided with earial drainage between the fusing device, described earial drainage water that the basin upper berth is covered with the liquid barrier electrolytic copper and atmospheric earial drainage waters the basin solvent layer, and described discharge tube inserts earial drainage and waters basin flux layer below; Described earial drainage waters basin and is provided with the leak-off pipe in the liquid electrolytic copper importing crucible, and described leak-off pipe inserts in the mother alloy particle of crucible.
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| CN114908260A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-16 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Cu-Zn-Cr alloy ingot |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104357698A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏中容铜业有限公司 | Copper strip base material production system for lead frame |
| CN104357698B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-06-22 | 江苏中容铜业有限公司 | A kind of lead frame copper strip base material production system |
| CN106319278A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-01-11 | 姚伟 | Electrolytic copper and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107460354A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-12-12 | 广东海翔教育科技有限公司 | A kind of leadless environment-friendly copper-based alloy material processing unit (plant) and preparation method |
| CN108977679A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-11 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of chromium-zirconium-copper covering agent for smelting and its preparation and application |
| CN108977679B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-07-24 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Covering agent for chromium zirconium copper smelting and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN114908260A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-16 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Cu-Zn-Cr alloy ingot |
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Application publication date: 20120711 |