CN102560166A - Method for smelting low-oxygen high-purity aluminum alloy at high altitude - Google Patents
Method for smelting low-oxygen high-purity aluminum alloy at high altitude Download PDFInfo
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- CN102560166A CN102560166A CN2011104524089A CN201110452408A CN102560166A CN 102560166 A CN102560166 A CN 102560166A CN 2011104524089 A CN2011104524089 A CN 2011104524089A CN 201110452408 A CN201110452408 A CN 201110452408A CN 102560166 A CN102560166 A CN 102560166A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material smelting, in particular to a method for smelting low-oxygen high-purity aluminum alloy at high altitude. The method comprises the following steps of: starting a resistance furnace or a medium-frequency induction furnace, and preheating a crucible and a tool to 200 to 300 DEG C; adding aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, melting to 680 DEG C, and adding other intermediate alloy according to an alloy requirement; starting smelting by using nitrogen, namely introducing nitrogen into molten aluminum, and performing circular motion slowly for 10 to 20 minutes; sampling, analyzing, and adjusting components, and when the alloy temperature is 700 to 720 DEG C, modifying for 10 to 15 minutes; and when the alloy temperature reaches 680 to 720 DEG C, slagging off, discharging from the furnace, and casting. The method has the advantages that: a) a process route of the conventional process for producing high-quality alloy castings is shortened, and production efficiency is greatly improved; b) smelting cost is reduced by about 20 percent; and c) during smelting of the aluminum alloy, hexachloroethane is not used for refining and gas removal, working environment is greatly improved, and the aluminum alloy smelting and production is more environment-friendly. The method is suitable for smelting aluminum silicon alloy, particularly producing various aluminum alloy castings. The quality of a product is the same as that of a product produced by the conventional process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metallic substance technical field of smelting, specifically relate to a kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method.
Background technology
Nearly decades, attach great importance to the development of duraluminum both at home and abroad, because an attractive trend in the formation of World Casting, occurred, the increasing rapidly of the turnout of Here it is aluminum alloy casting.Since aerospace, the needs of war industry cut-throat competitions such as ships, motorcycle automotive industry; The development of building materials industry; Casting and the progress of calendering technology and equipment and the advantage that duraluminum itself is had, it is with fastest developing speed to make duraluminum become 21 century, the nonferrous alloy metal that usage quantity is maximum; Replacing Iron And Steel Casting with aluminum alloy casting, will be the trend of long-run development.The aluminum current alloy mainly is divided into two types of y alloy y and wrought aluminium alloies.Wherein y alloy y mainly contains aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy.And aluminium silicon y alloy y is the most frequently used in the y alloy y, uses the widest alloy.Because the melting of duraluminum is open in the aluminum alloy melt that carries out melting in the atmosphere mostly with casting, all with air and furnace gas in N2, CO; CO2, gases such as H2 contacts very easily makes duraluminum air-breathing and inner and surface forms the pin pore at duraluminum; Thereby influence the inside and the surface quality of duraluminum, physicals, mechanical property etc.; Therefore how study duraluminum reduces the pin pore, and guaranteeing to obtain the premium casting goods has extremely important meaning.
The melting technology of traditional fine aluminum silicon alloy: starting resistance stove or Medium frequency induction electricity donkey, preheated crucible and instrument add aluminium-silicon ingots and are melted to 680 oC to 200oC ~ 300 oC, look the alloy requirement then and add other master alloy; Be warmed up to about 720 oC, start argon gas melting protection, make and form the argon gas sealing coat between aluminium liquid and the air, sampling analysis adjustment composition; Alloy temperature 730 ~ 750 oC do rotten the processing, about 15 minutes time, are warmed up to about 730 oC; Beginning Sesquichloratum refining divides 2-3 addings, 10 ~ 15 minutes time with 0.7 ~ 0.75% Sesquichloratum of furnace charge gross weight; The refining of beginning nitrogen feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly in aluminium liquid; 10 ~ 12 minutes time, when alloy temperature reaches 760 oC, the tapping casting of skimming.
The weak point of above traditional technology:
1) whole refining process needs argon shield, avoids the air of high humidity and fully contacting of alloy liquid, this process need special device and argon gas consumption, and cost increases.
2) refining process needs the Sesquichloratum refining.This process has worsened Working environment because produce stimulation toxic gas chlorine after the Sesquichloratum refining, influences environmental protection.
3) whole refining process is about 30 minutes consuming time, and consumed power increases, and has improved the melting cost, and efficient is not high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to the deficiency that exists in the prior art, and a kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method is provided.
A kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method of the present invention is achieved through following technical proposals: a kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method; Described method technical process is: starting resistance stove or medium-frequency induction furnace, and preheated crucible and instrument to 200 ℃～300 ℃; Add aluminium-silicon ingots and be melted to 680 ℃, look the alloy requirement then and add other master alloy; The refining of beginning nitrogen feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly in aluminium liquid, the time is 10～20 minutes; Sampling analysis adjustment composition, 700～720 ℃ of alloy temperatures are done rotten processing, 10～15 minutes time; When alloy temperature reaches 680～720 ℃, the tapping casting of skimming.
A kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method of the present invention has following beneficial effect compared with prior art: the present invention has cancelled that the third step in the traditional technology is warmed up to 720 ℃ of argon gas meltings and the 5th step is warmed up to about 730 oC; The refining of beginning Sesquichloratum; 0.7 ~ 0.75% Sesquichloratum with the furnace charge gross weight divides 2-3 addings; 10 ~ 15 minutes time, two steps, promptly whole fusion process need not done argon shield and not need the Sesquichloratum refining; Kept former first step in the technology of the present invention as first step starting resistance stove of the present invention or Medium frequency induction electricity donkey; Preheated crucible and instrument generally use resistance furnace or induction furnace to 200oC ~ 300 oC aluminium alloy smeltings; The purpose of preheating is for the greasy dirt of removing crucible and tool surfaces etc., eliminates being easy to form the air-breathing factor of alloy.Second step adds aluminium-silicon ingots and is melted to 680 oC, looks the alloy requirement then and adds other master alloy, and aluminum silicon alloy belongs to a series, and according to component difference, it also comprises many alloys.Commonly used have ZL101, ZL101A, ZL102, a ZL114A etc.The characteristic of the present invention's second step is fit to the adding of various master alloys when being adjustment temperature of fusion to 680 oC.Third step begins the nitrogen refining, in aluminium liquid, feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly, and 10 ~ 12 minutes time, nitrogen is rare gas element, can not react with the element in the alloy.Refining is in alloy, to add the inertia particle, and the oxygen in these particles and the alloy, and hydrogen has good avidity, can be being easy to form pore in the alloy liquid, and the oxygen of impurity, hydrogen etc. are taken out of from alloy liquid, play the effect that purifies alloy.Moving in a circle is for nitrogen has full and uniform contacting with alloy liquid, plays good Water purification.10 ~ 12 minutes is the best empirical value of refining 120KG alloy.The 4th step sampling analysis adjustment composition, alloy temperature is no more than 720 oC, does rotten the processing, 10 ~ 15 minutes time. selecting to be no more than 720 oC casting is obviously to aggravate because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.For casting about thick big selection 680oC, select to be no more than the 720oC casting for thin-wall part, realize moulding with the method that improves the shell maturing temperature, the adjustment composition of taking a sample is in order to satisfy the composition requirement of different-alloy.Rotten processing is for crystal grain thinning, improves machine capability.Selection is no more than 720 oC and obviously aggravates because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.
Technical scheme main points of the present invention: make full use of the high height above sea level in plateau, the geographical conditions that atmospheric moisture is low are removed to produce the hypoxemia rafifinal with lower production cost and are closed product.Be in particular in that whole fusion process need not do argon shield and not need the Sesquichloratum refining.
The inventive method is applicable to the Alar melting.Be in particular in various aluminum alloy casting productions.Quality product is identical with traditional technology.
Advantage of the present invention is a technique effect:
A) shorten the operational path that traditional technology is produced the fine aluminum alloy-steel casting, greatly improved production efficiency.
B) reduce melting cost about 20%.
C) do not re-use Sesquichloratum refining degasification in the aluminium alloy smelting, greatly improved Working environment, make aluminium alloy smelting produce environmental protection more.
Explain:
Technical qualification of the present invention sampling adjustment alloy temperature adopt be lower than 720 oC and the aluminium alloy smelting temperature surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC obviously increase be because: the source duraluminum of gas and impurity is when solid-state in the air-breathing and gas defects of aluminum alloy melt and the formation 1 of aluminum compound impurity, the alloy liquid, and Gas Solubility is very little, along with the rising of temperature; Solubleness slowly increases, and when reaching the duraluminum fusing point, solubleness increases suddenly rapidly; Behind aluminum alloy melting, heat up again; Then solubleness increases sooner, and this is because molten aluminium alloy and atmosphere very active chemical reaction take place, absorb hydrogen, oxidized simultaneously and generation oxide compound; Also consume the effective ingredient in the solution; Solution quality is descended, form the pin pore, defective such as be mingled with.(1) from the known nitrogen that in air, exists 78vol% of airborne water vapour, the oxygen of 21 vol%, the carbonic anhydride of 0.03 vol% and the water vapour that changes with state, wherein air-breathing what have the greatest impact is water vapour to duraluminum.It also is the reason that makes duraluminum oxidized, secondly is oxygen, and it is the root that causes alloy liquid generation oxide compound and trace ingredients to be consumed.So-called " aluminium rust " is that aluminium ingot contacts with airborne water vapour and reacts; That is: Al+3H2O (vapour)==Al (OH) 3 (Gu)+3/2H2 (gas) generates the white powder Al (OH) of tissue looseness; This Al (OH) goes into stove with aluminium ingot, under smelting temperature, resolves into Al2O3 and steam again, and Al2O3 can absorb hydrogen and steam; Hydrogen that is absorbed and steam just are brought in the alloy liquid by it, and the gas content in the alloy liquid is increased.All gases in the furnace gas furnace gas during (2) from fusing; Alloy liquid encirclement the furnace charge that constantly heats up and in progressively melting produces various decomposition, dissolving on contact surface; Diffusion waits reaction or effect; Make the constantly air-breathing and oxidation of alloy liquid, and in the composition of fumes hydrogen to dissolve in the amount of alloy liquid maximum, reach more than 86%.Yet; These hydrogen that suck in the alloy liquid; Be not directly from the hydrogen in the furnace gas; But promptly through the reaction of the water vapour in the furnace gas and duraluminum: (2/3) Al (liquid)+H2O (vapour)==hydrogen of (1/3) atomic condition that Al2O3+2H produced, absorbed by alloy liquid rapidly, the Al2O3 that is generated has just become to be mingled with.Can be by the mass ratio that nucleidic mass is tried to achieve each composition in the following formula: the hydrogen that (2/3) * 27Kg:18Kg=(1/3) * 102Kg:2Kg hypothesis is produced be the molecular hydrogen under the standard state; Then become volume to be hydroperoxide conversion: just get behind the 18Kg:18Kg=34Kg:22.4m3 abbreviation: this formula of 1g:1g=1.9g:1244cm3 is represented; 1gAl and 1gH2O (or water vapour) react, and will produce the hydrogen under the standard state of 1.9 Al2O3 and 1244cm3.This tells us: even the water of denier, water vapour or steam also are the root of the serious generation gas hole defect that can not be ignored concerning aluminium alloy casting.(3) in addition also just like the furnace charge that is adsorbed with steam, the melted for pouring instrument, body of heater, crucible contains the flux of moisture, alterant etc. air-breathing.2, it is high more to influence the air-breathing principal element of duraluminum (1) alloy liquid temp, and hydrogen solubleness is big more, greatly about the alloy liquid temp when 720oC is above, solubleness obviously increases.(2) the duraluminum vapour pressure influence duraluminum and other metal alloy is different; Surpass 720oC at smelting temperature; Its vapour pressure is more and more lower; When vp when the 760oC very low, the suction of unable barrier gas at all, this is the aluminium alloy casting reason of Duoing than the foundry goods generation pore of other metal or alloy just.(3) inclusion such as Al2O3 influence the ability that Al2O3 has intensive absorption hydrogen G&W vapour, it has just reduced diffusion dehydrogenation speed like this, even stops the dehydrogenation of alloy liquid, it also provides the ready-made interface of bubble nucleating simultaneously, promotes foundry goods to form pore.(4) fusing time and teeming temperature, the influence of the influence of time (5) season and region factors are according to the analysis of front, and the air-breathing core essence reason of duraluminum is water or steam, and steam is humidity in the physical phenomenon of occurring in nature performance.Different areas in other words, the variation meeting of Various Seasonal weather humidity directly influences the air-breathing tendency of aluminium alloy smelting, this just we to study how to obtain the more meaning of fine aluminum alloy casting in the high altitude localities, plateau.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment a kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
A kind of high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method, its method technical process is: starting resistance stove or medium-frequency induction furnace, preheated crucible and instrument to 200 ℃～300 ℃; Add aluminium-silicon ingots and be melted to 680 ℃, look the alloy requirement then and add other master alloy; The refining of beginning nitrogen feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly in aluminium liquid, the time is 10～20 minutes; Sampling analysis adjustment composition, 700～720 ℃ of alloy temperatures are done rotten processing, 10～15 minutes time; When alloy temperature reaches 680～720 ℃, the tapping casting of skimming.
Embodiment 1.
The present invention has cancelled that the third step in the traditional technology is warmed up to 720 ℃ of argon gas meltings and the 5th step is warmed up to about 730 oC; The refining of beginning Sesquichloratum; 0.7% Sesquichloratum with the furnace charge gross weight divides 2 addings; 10 minutes time, two steps, promptly whole fusion process need not done argon shield and not need the Sesquichloratum refining; Kept former first step in the technology of the present invention as first step starting resistance stove of the present invention or Medium frequency induction electricity donkey; Preheated crucible and instrument generally use resistance furnace or induction furnace to the 200oC aluminium alloy smelting; The purpose of preheating is for the greasy dirt of removing crucible and tool surfaces etc., eliminates being easy to form the air-breathing factor of alloy.Second step adds aluminium-silicon ingots and is melted to 680 oC, looks the alloy requirement then and adds other master alloy, and aluminum silicon alloy belongs to a series, and according to component difference, it also comprises many alloys.Commonly used have ZL101, ZL101A, ZL102, a ZL114A etc.The characteristic of the present invention's second step is fit to the adding of various master alloys when being adjustment temperature of fusion to 680 oC.Third step begins the nitrogen refining, in aluminium liquid, feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly, and 10 minutes time, nitrogen is rare gas element, can not react with the element in the alloy.Refining is in alloy, to add the inertia particle, and the oxygen in these particles and the alloy, and hydrogen has good avidity, can be being easy to form pore in the alloy liquid, and the oxygen of impurity, hydrogen etc. are taken out of from alloy liquid, play the effect that purifies alloy.Moving in a circle is for nitrogen has full and uniform contacting with alloy liquid, plays good Water purification.10 minutes is the best empirical value of refining 120KG alloy.The 4th step sampling analysis adjustment composition, alloy temperature is no more than 720 oC, does rotten the processing, and 10 minutes time, selecting to be no more than 720 oC casting is obviously to aggravate because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.For casting about thick big selection 680oC, select to be no more than the 720oC casting for thin-wall part, realize moulding with the method that improves the shell maturing temperature, the adjustment composition of taking a sample is in order to satisfy the composition requirement of different-alloy.Rotten processing is for crystal grain thinning, improves machine capability.Selection is no more than 720 oC and obviously aggravates because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.
The present invention and prior art traditional technology be advantage such as table 1 relatively.
Table 1
Embodiment 2.
The present invention has cancelled that the third step in the traditional technology is warmed up to 720 ℃ of argon gas meltings and the 5th step is warmed up to about 730 oC; The refining of beginning Sesquichloratum; 0.75% Sesquichloratum with the furnace charge gross weight divides 2 addings; 13 minutes time, two steps, promptly whole fusion process need not done argon shield and not need the Sesquichloratum refining; Kept former first step in the technology of the present invention as first step starting resistance stove of the present invention or Medium frequency induction electricity donkey; Preheated crucible and instrument generally use resistance furnace or induction furnace to the 250oC aluminium alloy smelting; The purpose of preheating is for the greasy dirt of removing crucible and tool surfaces etc., eliminates being easy to form the air-breathing factor of alloy.Second step adds aluminium-silicon ingots and is melted to 680 oC, looks the alloy requirement then and adds other master alloy, and aluminum silicon alloy belongs to a series, and according to component difference, it also comprises many alloys.Commonly used have ZL101, ZL101A, ZL102, a ZL114A etc.The characteristic of the present invention's second step is fit to the adding of various master alloys when being adjustment temperature of fusion to 680 oC.Third step begins the nitrogen refining, in aluminium liquid, feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly, and 11 minutes time, nitrogen is rare gas element, can not react with the element in the alloy.Refining is in alloy, to add the inertia particle, and the oxygen in these particles and the alloy, and hydrogen has good avidity, can be being easy to form pore in the alloy liquid, and the oxygen of impurity, hydrogen etc. are taken out of from alloy liquid, play the effect that purifies alloy.Moving in a circle is for nitrogen has full and uniform contacting with alloy liquid, plays good Water purification.11 minutes is the best empirical value of refining 120KG alloy.The 4th step sampling analysis adjustment composition, alloy temperature is no more than 720 oC, does rotten the processing, and 13 minutes time, selecting to be no more than 720 oC casting is obviously to aggravate because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.For casting about thick big selection 680oC, select to be no more than the 720oC casting for thin-wall part, realize moulding with the method that improves the shell maturing temperature, the adjustment composition of taking a sample is in order to satisfy the composition requirement of different-alloy.Rotten processing is for crystal grain thinning, improves machine capability.Selection is no more than 720 oC and obviously aggravates because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.
Embodiment 3.
The present invention has cancelled that the third step in the traditional technology is warmed up to 720 ℃ of argon gas meltings and the 5th step is warmed up to about 730 oC; The refining of beginning Sesquichloratum; 0.75% Sesquichloratum with the furnace charge gross weight divides 3 addings; 15 minutes time, two steps, promptly whole fusion process need not done argon shield and not need the Sesquichloratum refining; Kept former first step in the technology of the present invention as first step starting resistance stove of the present invention or Medium frequency induction electricity donkey; Preheated crucible and instrument generally use resistance furnace or induction furnace to 300 oC aluminium alloy smeltings; The purpose of preheating is for the greasy dirt of removing crucible and tool surfaces etc., eliminates being easy to form the air-breathing factor of alloy.Second step adds aluminium-silicon ingots and is melted to 680 oC, looks the alloy requirement then and adds other master alloy, and aluminum silicon alloy belongs to a series, and according to component difference, it also comprises many alloys.Commonly used have ZL101, ZL101A, ZL102, a ZL114A etc.The characteristic of the present invention's second step is fit to the adding of various master alloys when being adjustment temperature of fusion to 680 oC.Third step begins the nitrogen refining, in aluminium liquid, feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly, and 12 minutes time, nitrogen is rare gas element, can not react with the element in the alloy.Refining is in alloy, to add the inertia particle, and the oxygen in these particles and the alloy, and hydrogen has good avidity, can be being easy to form pore in the alloy liquid, and the oxygen of impurity, hydrogen etc. are taken out of from alloy liquid, play the effect that purifies alloy.Moving in a circle is for nitrogen has full and uniform contacting with alloy liquid, plays good Water purification.12 minutes is the best empirical value of refining 120KG alloy.The 4th step sampling analysis adjustment composition, alloy temperature is no more than 720 oC, does rotten the processing, and 15 minutes time, selecting to be no more than 720 oC casting is obviously to aggravate because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.For casting about thick big selection 680oC, select to be no more than the 720oC casting for thin-wall part, realize moulding with the method that improves the shell maturing temperature, the adjustment composition of taking a sample is in order to satisfy the composition requirement of different-alloy.Rotten processing is for crystal grain thinning, improves machine capability.Selection is no more than 720 oC and obviously aggravates because surpass the air-breathing tendency of 720 oC duraluminums.
Claims (1)
1. one kind high height above sea level hypoxemia high purity aluminum alloy melting method, it is characterized in that: described castmethod technical process is: starting resistance stove or medium-frequency induction furnace, preheated crucible and instrument to 200 ℃～300 ℃; Add aluminium-silicon ingots and be melted to 680 ℃, look the alloy requirement then and add other master alloy; The refining of beginning nitrogen feeds nitrogen, and does circumferential motion slowly in aluminium liquid, the time is 10～20 minutes; Sampling analysis adjustment composition, 700～720 ℃ of alloy temperatures are done rotten processing, 10～15 minutes time; When alloy temperature reaches 680～720 ℃, the tapping casting of skimming.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144134A (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2008-03-19 | 李贞宽 | Aluminum-silicon series deforming alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102140589A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-08-03 | 山东创新金属科技股份有限公司 | Microalloy smelting process for aluminum-magnesium-silicon aluminum alloy |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144134A (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2008-03-19 | 李贞宽 | Aluminum-silicon series deforming alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102140589A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-08-03 | 山东创新金属科技股份有限公司 | Microalloy smelting process for aluminum-magnesium-silicon aluminum alloy |
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Application publication date: 20120711 |