CN102560088A - Composite chlorinating metallurgy method for full-value utilization of complex poor tin middling ore - Google Patents
Composite chlorinating metallurgy method for full-value utilization of complex poor tin middling ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite chlorinating metallurgy method for the full-value utilization of a complex poor tin middling ore, and the method comprises the processes of medium-temperature chlorinating-reducing roast, magnetic separation, iron-rich pellet manufacturing, high-temperature oxidizing-chlorinating roast, iron pellet cooling, heat energy recovery, dust collection and purification. According to the occurrence and characteristic of a non-ferrous metal in the poor tin middling ore, a high-temperature chlorinating-reducing roast method is modified, two-stage rotary kilns are arranged to respectively carry out medium-temperature chlorinating-reducing roast and high-temperature oxidizing-chlorinating roast, and the magnetic separation step is carried out between the high-temperature oxidizing-chlorinating roast step and the high-temperature oxidizing-chlorinating roast step. Iron chloride is used as a chlorinating agent in the chlorinating-reducing process to decompose arsenic and enable the arsenic to be reduced and volatilized together with tin, lead, zinc and the like; and calcium chloride is used as the chlorinating agent in the oxidizing-chlorinating process to realize the chlorination, volatilization, oxidation and desulfurization of residual copper and zinc, the oxidization of magnetic iron and high-temperature solidification of an iron pellet. Dust is collected and volatile metals are purified and recovered so that the full-value utilization of valuable metals is realized. By using the composite chlorinating metallurgy method, the volatilization rates of tin and lead are 92-96%, the volatilization rate of zinc is about 65%, the volatilization rate of iron is about 80%, the removal rate of copper is about 50% and the removal rates of arsenic and sulfur are up to over 95%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the non-ferrous metal metallurgy technical field, tin technical field of metallurgical equipment especially, it is easy to be specifically related to a kind of technology, the compound dchlorine metallurgy method of the poor medium tin ore valuable metal of stable and reliable operation full price comprehensive utilization.
Background technology
Mostly tin ore is the complicated mineral intergrowth of irony, and the cassiterite granularity is little, and intergrowth is many, iron content is high, tin iron combines densification, and the ore dressing difficulty is very big, in output tin concentrate, also produces the some amount medium tin ore.The grade that medium tin ore is meant output in the ore dressing process contains tin mineral in 1.0%～4.5% scope, comprise the chats of output from primary tin ore beneficiation flowsheet, also comprises from tailing and selects the chats that obtains again.Mine tailing is the secondary resource of enormous amount, and national mine tailing storage is up to 10,000,000,000 tons, and only the mine tailing amount of 2009 contracts just reaches 11.92 hundred million tons, and wherein non-ferro metals debris accounts for 30%.By the end of the year 2009, mining area, Geju City tailing storage is up to 2.5 hundred million tons, and average stanniferous 0.15% contains 370,000 tons of tin, also has 4,000,000 tons in lead, 1,800,000 tons on zinc, 6,000 ten thousand tons of iron, also has multiple coloured rare precious metal in addition.In order to recycle the mine tailing resource, spoil reclaming has got into the technical scale stage, and selecting the product that obtains again is the poor medium tin ore that complicated component, valuable metal grade are very low, arsenic impurities content is higher.
Generally medium tin ore is divided into poor medium tin ore and rich medium tin ore, contains the poor medium tin ore of title of Sn1.0% ~ 2.5%, the rich medium tin ore of 2.5% ~ 4.5% title with tin content height.Rich medium tin ore generally adopts " fuming furnace sulfiding volatilization method " to handle; Be a proven technique, can reclaim non-ferrous metals such as tin, lead and zinc wherein, the recovery of tin is more than 90%; But the iron that content is maximum has got into slag and can't reclaim, and energy-output ratio is bigger.The characteristics of poor medium tin ore be the tin grade low, contain multiple valuable metal, complicated component; In addition general fluctuation range: Sn1.0 ~ 2.5%, Fe 40 ~ 55%, Pb 1.0 ~ 3.0%, Zn 0.5 ~ 1.0%, Cu 0.2 ~ 0.7%, As 0.4 ~ 1.5% also contain valuable metal and SiO such as In, Bi
2, CaO, Al
2O
3Etc. nonmetal composition, because complicated component, it is big to extract difficulty, and tooling cost is high.
Dchlorine metallurgy is relatively valid approach of processing low-grade complicated ingredient mineral; Usually adopt high-temp chlorination volatilization roasting method to handle poor medium tin ore both at home and abroad, batching adds chlorizating agent and reductive agent in poor medium tin ore, makes ball through mixing; Go into the rotary kiln high temperature chlorination roasting after the drying; Non-ferrous metal chloridizing volatilizations such as tin lead get into flue gas, after gathering dust, obtain the plumbous enriched substance of tin, and the roasting ball after the roasting is as iron-smelting raw material.But also there is more serious technological deficiency in the existing high temperature chlorination roasting method of handling poor medium tin ore; Mainly be that chlorination reduction volatilization roasting and oxidizing roasting are concentrated in the equipment; Use is carried out under close atmosphere with a kind of chlorizating agent, is difficult to take into account removing and the comprehensive recovery of iron of tin, lead and zinc volatilization and arsenic impurities; In the recovery of the general non-ferrous metals such as tin lead that all focus on high value, and can't take into account the recovery and the target level of product quality of fe source.Thereby cause the grade of iron in the iron ball group lower, and below≤50%, impurity arsenic content very high (0.2 ~ 0.5%), and also the intensity of iron ball group is low, can't reach the iron-smelting furnace charge quality standard, and the comprehensive utilization target can't realize; Next is that rotary kiln " knot kiln " phenomenon is frequent, the flow process of gathering dust is tediously long, dust collection device seriously corroded, processing charges are high, deficiency in economic performance, and the comprehensive utilization difficult problem of poor medium tin ore is solved so far as yet effectively.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technology easy, the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of stable and reliable operation is utilized.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this, comprise middle temperature reduction chloridizing roasting, magnetic separation, the preparation of rich iron ball group, high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting, iron ball group cooling and energy recovery, gather dust and purify, specifically comprise following operation:
A, middle temperature reduction chloridizing roasting: make chlorizating agent with iron protochloride, its add-on is 2.0 ~ 3.0 times of total mass that need chlorating tin, lead, zinc and copper in the poor medium tin ore; Make reductive agent with brown coal and/or coke powder, add-on is 6 ~ 10% of a medium tin ore quality, and batching basicity (is CaO/SiO
2) be 0.5 ~ 0.67, make in the preposition rotary kiln to be in weakly reducing atmosphere 800 ~ 1100 ℃ of control temperature of kiln head, 350 ~ 500 ℃ of kiln end temperatures, chloridizing roasting 80 ~ 120min;
B, magnetic separation: with the calcining after the reduction chloridizing roasting non-ferrous metal volatilization in the A operation; Be cooled to about 100 ° of C through heat-exchanger rig; Send into magnetic plant then; Under 90 ~ 100KA/m magneticstrength, carry out dry type magnetic separation, ferrous material and non-iron material are separated, obtain smart powder of rich iron and low iron milltailings;
C, the preparation of iron ball group: with the calcium chloride that adds weight ratio about 2% in the rich iron powder material that obtains after the magnetic separation; Tackiness agent about 2%; After mixing, deliver to the spherolite of processing particle diameter 20 ~ 30mm in the nodulizer; Send into then in the drying and preheating device, drying and preheating 16 ~ 20min are carried out in segmentation under 400 ~ 1000 ℃ of temperature, obtain drying and preheating iron ball group;
D, high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting: group directly sends in the rearmounted rotary kiln with C operation dryness finalization iron ball; In the control rotary kiln is weak oxide atmosphere; 1150 ~ 1350 ℃ of control temperature of kiln head, 900 ~ 1050 ℃ of kiln end temperatures, oxidation chlorination roasting 60 ~ 70min; Under oxidizing atmosphere, make residual copper, zinc through chloridizing volatilization, and make sulphur be oxidized to sulfurous gas entering flue gas; Martial ethiops Fe
3O
4Be oxidized to high price red stone Fe
2O
3, high-temperature roasting impels the pelletizing consolidation and sclerosis to become qualified iron ball group;
E, the cooling of iron ball group and energy recovery: get into heat-exchanger rig behind the high temperature iron pelletizing kiln discharge and reclaim heat energy, be about to cold wind and be heated to 700 ~ 800 ℃ of drying sources as the C operation, iron ball group is cooled to about 100 ℃ simultaneously.
F, gather dust and purify: the flue dust that two sections rotary kilns produce adopts the dry dust collection systematic collection respectively, captures the oxide compound of wherein tin, lead, zinc, copper or arsenic; Fume centralized after the dedusting adopts wet purifying decice to purify, and oxide compound and other MOX/muriates of sulphur in the flue gas or arsenic trapped in the scavenging solution, makes flue gas reach qualified emission standard.
Said preposition kiln temperature is too high strong excessively with reducing atmosphere, will cause part iron reduction to generate the iron arsenic alloy, impels that arsenic is residual to exceed standard; Temperature cross low or roasting time not enough, will reduce metal evaporation raties such as tin lead.
On the low side or the deficiency of time of said rearmounted kiln temperature can cause that pelletizing remaining copper sulphur is higher, pellet strength is not enough, and the too high or overlong time of temperature can cause knot kiln phenomenon, influence rotary kiln and normally move, and production efficiency descends, the energy consumption rising.
" middle temperature chloridizing roasting " and " high temperature chlorination roasting " that the present invention is alleged; Sorting technique by traditional " dchlorine metallurgy "; In fact all should list the category of " high temperature chlorination roasting " in; But the former is lower than the latter by maturing temperature, for avoiding confusion, so be referred to as " middle temperature reduction chloridizing roasting " and " high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting " in the present invention respectively.
The inventive method wherein contains Sn 20 ~ 25%, Pb 22 ~ 30% to the obtainable the finished product of poor medium tin ore plumbous flue dust, filter residue and the iron ball group of tin that be enrichment in the flue dust; Contain Sn 15 ~ 20%, Pb 25 ~ 30% in the filter residue, other metal changes with material composition; The iron acid pellet contains Fe about 60%, As≤0.07%, S≤0.2%, Pb≤0.1%, Sn≤0.1%, and Zn≤0.2%, Cu≤0.2% can satisfy the requirement of ironmaking.
The present invention is divided into two sections rotary kiln chlorinations with one section rotary kiln chlorination, and preposition rotary kiln is middle temperature reduction chlorination, and rearmounted rotary kiln is the high temperature oxidation chlorination, and iron(ic)chloride (FeCl is used in middle temperature reduction chlorination
2) as chlorizating agent, replace the calcium chloride (CaCl that prior art is used
2), be to reach the purpose of high-level efficiency dearsenification, its action principle: the one, prevent that silico-calcium is than (CaO/SiO
2) too high, avoid the reaction of arsenic and quicklime to generate Tricalcium arsenate, make arsenic be As as far as possible
2O
3The ironmaking requirement is satisfied in volatilization; The 2nd, FeCl
2Be SnO
2Chlorizating agent is the most effectively controlled roasting condition well, can improve the evaporation rate of tin; The 3rd, FeCl
2In Cl and non-ferrous metal chlorination reaction after, remaining Fe can also improve the grade of iron in the pelletizing.After preposition rotary kiln reduction chlorination dearsenification,,, adopt calcium chloride (CaCl in the rearmounted rotary kiln high temperature oxidation roasting stage in order to make other residual non-ferrous metals volatilization as far as possible
2) as chlorizating agent, in order to guarantee the acid pellet quality, allocate the cohesiveness of wilkinite into, to satisfy the specification of quality of ironmaking to iron ball group as tackiness agent raising material.Add the magnetic separation separation circuit between two sections rotary kilns, reclaim non-iron material, wherein contain SiO
2, CaO, Al
2O
3,Nonferrous metal oxides such as the nonmagnetic oxide of iron and copper, zinc can be used as flux and send into the use of tin melting operation, have realized the full price utilization of poor medium tin ore like this.
Temperature reduction chloridizing roasting must keep being weakly reducing atmosphere in the kiln in preposition, helps improving the reduction chloridizing volatilization effect of Sn, Pb; Impel As to decompose volatilization; Help high price iron (Fe
2O
3) be reduced to martial ethiops (Fe
3O
4); Strongly reducing atmosphere can cause iron, arsenic, lead, tin reduction, is unfavorable for volatilization; Also can cause the knot kiln, make operation not smooth; If oxidizing atmosphere, though can improve the evaporation rate of Cu, Zn, unfavorable to the volatilization of As, Sn.For fear of oxidizing atmosphere occurring, also adopt the higher brown coal of fugitive constituent partly to replace coke powder to make reductive agent, utilize the high characteristics of its fugitive constituent, cooperate the control air quantity, helping keeping in the kiln is weakly reducing atmosphere, can effectively avoid occurring oxidizing atmosphere.
The present invention helps the comprehensive utilization of solid waste: obnoxious flavoures such as wet purification system remaining flue dust of absorption and sulfur in smoke, oxynitride, arsenic oxide arsenoxide become slurries; Slurries after neutralization absorbs filter through sedimentation; In the filter residue enrichment metals such as Sn, Pb; Flue dust no longer carries out Sn with filter residue, Pb separates, direct raw material as the tin melting; Clear liquor add in the lime with after filter, metals such as enrichment zinc, indium, bismuth in the filter residue can be used as the raw material of hydrometallurgical extraction valuable metal; Calcium chloride in the filtrating gets into the high temperature chlorination roasting flow process, to replenish the consumption of chlorizating agent.
The present invention is according to the occurrence form and the characteristics of various non-ferrous metals in the poor medium tin ore; Existing high-temp chlorination reduction roasting method is transformed and innovated; Traditional chloridizing roasting of accomplishing in the rotary kiln that concentrates on is divided into two sections chlorination burnings; After the temperature reduction chloridizing roasting, the calcining that obtains gets into the low intensity magnetic separation operation, sends into the back segment rotary kiln behind the separating ferrum magnetic material and carries out high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting again in the leading portion rotary kiln is accomplished.The leading portion operation is mainly accomplished reduction volatilization, tin and the plumbous reduction and the chloridizing volatilization task of arsenic; The back segment operation is mainly accomplished oxidation removal and the oxidation of iron and the task of high-temperature concretion of sulphur; And with residual coloured rare precious metal chloridizing volatilizations such as copper zinc; Middle insert magnetic separation and isolate roasting to be difficult to the non-iron material of evaporable be in order to improve the product ferrous grade, to reduce foreign matter content, making it reach the iron-smelting raw material quality standard; Gather dust and purification system is in order to improve metal recovery rate and protection environment, to realize the full price utilization of poor medium tin ore through follow-up.The tin of the inventive method, plumbous evaporation rate 92 ~ 96%, zinc evaporation rate about 65%, iron recovery about 80%, copper decreasing ratio about 50%, arsenic, sulfur removal rate can reach more than 95%.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is explained, but never in any form the present invention is limited that any change or replacement based on the present invention's instruction all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, temperature reduction chloridizing roasting in the present invention includes, magnetic separation, the preparation of rich iron ball group, high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting, iron ball are rolled into a ball cooling and energy recovery, gather dust and are purified, and specifically comprise following operation:
A, middle temperature reduction chloridizing roasting: make chlorizating agent with iron protochloride, its add-on is 2.0 ~ 3.0 times of total mass that need chlorating tin, lead, zinc and copper in the poor medium tin ore; Make reductive agent with brown coal and/or coke powder, add-on is 6 ~ 10% of a medium tin ore quality, and batching basicity (is CaO/SiO
2) be 0.5 ~ 0.67, make to be in weak reducing environment in the rotary kiln 800 ~ 1100 ℃ of control temperature of kiln head, 350 ~ 500 ℃ of kiln end temperatures, chloridizing roasting 80 ~ 120min;
B, magnetic separation: with the calcining after the reduction chloridizing roasting non-ferrous metal volatilization in the A operation; Be cooled to about 100 ° of C through heat-exchanger rig; Send into magnetic plant then; Under 90 ~ 100KA/m magneticstrength, carry out dry type magnetic separation, ferrous material and non-iron material are separated, obtain smart powder of rich iron and low iron milltailings;
C, the preparation of iron ball group: with the calcium chloride that adds weight ratio about 2% in the rich iron powder material that obtains after the magnetic separation; Tackiness agent about 2%; After mixing, deliver to the spherolite of processing particle diameter 20 ~ 30mm in the nodulizer; Send into then in the drying and preheating device, drying and preheating 16 ~ 20min are carried out in segmentation under 400 ~ 1000 ℃ of temperature, obtain drying and preheating iron ball group;
D, high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting: group directly sends in the rearmounted rotary kiln with C operation dryness finalization iron ball; In the control rotary kiln is weak oxide atmosphere; 1150 ~ 1350 ℃ of control temperature of kiln head, 900 ~ 1050 ℃ of kiln end temperatures, oxidation chlorination roasting 60 ~ 70min; Under oxidizing atmosphere, make residual copper, zinc through chloridizing volatilization, and make sulphur be oxidized to sulfurous gas entering flue gas; Martial ethiops Fe
3O
4Be oxidized to high price red stone Fe
2O
3, high-temperature roasting impels the pelletizing consolidation and sclerosis to become qualified iron acid pellet;
E, the cooling of iron ball group and energy recovery: get into heat-exchanger rig behind the high temperature iron pelletizing kiln discharge and reclaim heat energy, be about to cold wind and be heated to 700 ~ 800 ℃ of drying sources as the C operation, iron ball group is cooled to about 100 ℃ simultaneously.
F, gather dust and purify: the flue dust that two sections rotary kilns produce adopts the dry dust collection systematic collection respectively, captures the oxide compound of wherein tin, lead, zinc, copper or arsenic; Fume centralized after the dedusting adopts wet purifying decice to purify, and oxide compound and other MOX/muriates of sulphur in the flue gas or arsenic trapped in the scavenging solution, makes flue gas reach qualified emission standard.
The add-on of iron protochloride described in the A operation is 2.2 ~ 2.8 times of total mass that need chlorating tin, lead, zinc and copper in the poor medium tin ore; Make reductive agent with brown coal and/or coke powder, add-on is 7 ~ 9% of a medium tin ore quality, and batching basicity is 0.55 ~ 0.60.
Described magnetic separation is controlled under 92 ~ 98KA/m magneticstrength to be carried out, and makes iron and foreign matter content in the smart powder of rich iron reach the specification of quality of qualified iron essence powder; Contain SiO in the described low iron milltailings
2, CaO, Al
2O
3, Fe
2O
3, Cu and/or Zn oxide compound, get into tin melting operation as flux.
Tackiness agent described in the C operation is one or more the mixed adhesive in sodium bentonite, the calcium-base bentonite.The content of smectite >=65%, pH value 7 ~ 9 in the described wilkinite.
As described in step C of garden disc granulator granulator; said preheating device is a chain Bi drying machine, spheroids machine in the chain Bi temperature of 600 ~ 800 ℃ drying and preheating segmented.
Rearmounted rotary kiln high-temperature tail gas gets into dust collecting system as the preheating thermal source of C operation pelletizing again after the heat exchange of heating iron ball group is cooled to 250 ~ 300 ℃.
Heat-exchanger rig described in the E operation is a circular cooler, and the hot blast after the heat exchange is incorporated dust collecting system into after remaking the thermal source utilization of rolling into a ball for dry iron ball.
The described dry dust collection of F operation system is gravity settling dust collecting system and/or bag collection system, in the flue dust enrichment mixture of MOXs such as tin lead, be the main path of collecting the tin lead metal.Described tail gas temperature is controlled on the muriatic dew-point temperature, and tail gas is in the temperature 160 ~ 200 of bag collection system
℃The described cloth bag that gathers dust is the cloth bag of 200 ℃ of heatproofs.
Described purification system is a system for wet purification, and the tail gas of collecting after two sections rotary kiln dust collecting systems is concentrated purification.Described system for wet purification absorbs obnoxious flavoures such as remaining flue dust and sulfur in smoke, oxynitride, arsenic oxide arsenoxide, enters atmosphere after reaching emission standard; Slurries after neutralization absorbs filter through sedimentation, and metal oxygen (chlorine) such as stanniferous lead is changed thing in the filter residue, as the raw material of tin melting; Clear liquor add in the lime with after filter, contain metal oxygen (chlorine) such as zinc indium bismuth in the filter residue and change thing, can be used as the raw material of hydrometallurgical extraction valuable metal; The filtrating staple is a calcium chloride, gets into rearmounted chloridizing roasting flow process, is used for replenishing the chlorizating agent consumption.
Described wet dust collection system adopts high rot-resistant N-D steel to do.
The rotating speed of said preposition rotary kiln is 0.5 ~ 0.7 r/min, and obliquity is 4 ~ 5%; Kiln body length-to-diameter ratio is 10 ~ 12, to help to reduce dust rate, prolongs the reduction chloridizing volatilization time.
The rotating speed of said rearmounted rotary kiln is 0.7 ~ 1.0 r/min, and obliquity is 3 ~ 4%, and kiln body length-to-diameter ratio is 8 ~ 10.The purpose of rearmounted rotary kiln baking is the chloridizing volatilization of remaining tin, lead and zinc copper, the oxidation and the high-temperature concretion of martial ethiops, needs the time will lack relatively.
Said rotary kiln all is fuel with the producer gas.
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment:
Use the poor medium tin ore composition of raw material to see the following form 1:
Poor medium tin ore embodiment component list table 1
| Sn | Pb | Zn | Cu | As | S | Fe | SiO 2 | CaO | Al 2O 3 |
| 1.38 | 1.30 | 0.89 | 0.50 | 1.51 | 0.32 | 50.90 | 4.56 | 2.72 | 1.91 |
Embodiment 1
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 2.5 times the total mass of ferrous chloride was added, adding a reducing agent 7% (of which 4% lignite, coke powder, 3%), ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) of 0.50, sufficiently stirred and mixed by the rotary kiln into the front ( set speed to 0.5? r / min, gradient of 4%; kiln aspect ratio of 12), carried out in the temperature reduction roasting chloride, a weak reducing atmosphere controlled kiln, kiln temperature of 850 ~ 950 ℃, kiln temperature 350 ~ 400 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 100min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 90KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; adding iron-rich Calcium 2%, 2% bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer 20 ~ 30mm weight made a small ball, then into a dryer chain Bi , preheat 16min directly into the rear rotary kiln (set speed to 0.7? r / min, gradient 3%, kiln aspect ratio of 8), kiln temperature of 1200 ~ 1300 ℃, kiln temperature of 950 to 1000 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting, baking time in the kiln pellet 60min, get iron pellets 1 (composition shown in Table 2), the analysis of the quality of raw material quality standards conform iron impurity content are in line with the standard requirements, including tin evaporation rate 91%, 93% lead volatilization of zinc volatilization rate of 60?% volatilization rate of 50% copper, arsenic volatilization rate of 95%, iron direct yield of 81%.Reclaim high temperature iron pelletizing heat energy through cold wind in the technological process, the drying source of iron ball group; Adopt the gravity settling dust collecting system to collect flue dust, the fume centralized after the dedusting adopts wet purifying decice to purify, and obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, makes flue gas reach qualified emission standard.
Embodiment 2
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 3.0 times the total mass of ferrous chloride was added, adding a reducing agent 10% (of which 7% lignite, coke powder, 3%), ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) was 0.60, the sufficiently stirred and mixed into the pre-kiln ( set speed to 0.7? r / min, the inclination is 5?%; kiln aspect ratio of 10), carried out in the temperature reduction roasting chloride, a weak reducing atmosphere controlled kiln, kiln temperature of 950 ~ 1050 ℃, kiln Tail temperature 400 ~ 450 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 95min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 100KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; iron powder in the rich adding calcium chloride 2%, 2% calcium bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer 20 ~ 30mm weight made a small ball, then into the chain Bi machine drying, preheating 16min directly into the rear rotary kiln (set speed to 1.0? r / min, gradient 4% kiln length to diameter ratio of 10), kiln temperature of 1200 ~ 1300 ℃, kiln temperature 950 ~ 1000 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting, pellets in the kiln calcination time 70min, get iron pellets 2 (composition shown in Table 2), the analysis of the quality of raw material quality standards conform iron impurity content are in line with standard requirements , where evaporation rate of 95% tin, 96% lead volatilization, evaporation rate of 65% zinc, copper evaporation rate 49%, 95% volatile arsenic, iron direct yield of 81%.Reclaim high temperature iron pelletizing heat energy through circular cooler with cold wind in the technological process, as the drying source of iron ball group; Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 3
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals added 2 times the total mass of ferrous chloride, adding a reducing agent 6% (of which 1% lignite, coke powder, 5%), ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) was 0.64, the sufficiently stirred and mixed into the pre-kiln ( set speed to 0.6? r / min, gradient of 5%; kiln aspect ratio of 10), carried out in the temperature reduction roasting chloride, a weak reducing atmosphere controlled kiln, kiln temperature of 1000 ~ 1100 ℃, kiln temperature 450 ~ 500 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 120min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 95KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; adding iron-rich Calcium chloride 1.5%, 2% sodium bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer 20 ~ 30mm weight made a small ball, then into the chain Pi Machine drying, preheating 18min directly into the rear rotary kiln (set speed to 1.0? r / min, gradient 4% kiln length to diameter ratio of 10), kiln temperature of 1300 ~ 1350 ℃, kiln temperature of 1000 ~ 1050 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting, baking time in the kiln pellet 60min, get iron pellets 3 (composition shown in Table 2), the analysis of the quality of raw material quality standards conform iron impurity content are in line with standard requirements, of which 94% volatile tin, lead volatilization rate of 95%, 62% zinc evaporation rate of copper removal rate of 52% Fe direct yield of 81%.Reclaim high temperature iron pelletizing heat energy through cold wind in the technological process, as the drying source of iron ball group; Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 4
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 2.5 times the total mass of ferrous chloride was added, adding a reducing agent 8% (of which 7% lignite, coke powder, 1%), the ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) was 0.62, the sufficiently stirred and mixed into the pre-kiln ( set speed to 0.7? r / min, gradient of 4.5%; kiln aspect ratio of 11), carried out in the temperature reduction roasting chloride, a weak reducing atmosphere controlled kiln, kiln temperature of 950 ~ 1050 ℃, kiln temperature 400 ~ 450 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 95min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 90KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; adding iron-rich Calcium 2%, 2% calcium bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer 20 ~ 30mm weight made a small ball, then into the chain Pi Machine drying, preheating 18min directly into the rear rotary kiln (set speed to 0.9? r / min, gradient 4% kiln length to diameter ratio of 10), kiln temperature of 1150 ~ 1250 ℃, kiln temperature of 900 ~ 1000 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting, pellets in the kiln calcination time 70min, get iron pellets 4 (composition shown in Table 2), the analysis of the quality of raw material quality standards conform iron impurity content are in line with standard requirements, of which 94% volatile tin, lead volatilization rate of 95%, 63% zinc volatilization, copper removal rate of 50%.Reclaim high temperature iron pelletizing heat energy through cold wind in the technological process, as the drying source of iron ball group; Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 5
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 2.2 times the total mass of ferrous chloride was added, adding a reducing agent 7% (3% of which lignite, coke powder, 4%), ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) was 0.67, the sufficiently stirred and mixed into the pre-kiln ( set speed to 0.5? r / min, gradient of 4.5%; kiln aspect ratio of 11), carried out in the temperature reduction roasting chloride, a weak reducing atmosphere controlled kiln, kiln temperature of 1000 ~ 1100 ℃, kiln temperature 400 ~ 450 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 120min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 90KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; adding iron-rich Calcium 2%, 2% sodium bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer 20 ~ 30mm weight made a small ball, then into the chain Pi Machine drying, preheating 18min directly into the rear rotary kiln (set speed to 0.9? r / min, gradient 4% kiln length to diameter ratio of 10), kiln temperature of 1300 ~ 1350 ℃, kiln temperature of 1000 ~ 1050 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting, pellets in the kiln calcination time 70min, get iron pellets 5 (composition shown in Table 2), the analysis of the quality of raw material quality standards conform iron impurity content are in line with standard requirements, of which 94% volatile tin, lead volatilization rate of 95%, 62% zinc evaporation rate of copper removal rate of 52%.Reclaim high temperature iron pelletizing heat energy through cold wind in the technological process, as the drying source of iron ball group; Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 6
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 2.2 times the total mass of ferrous chloride was added, adding 6% of coke as a reducing agent, ingredients alkalinity (CaO / SiO
2 ) of 0.50, after full after mixing into the rotary kiln for pre-chlorination roasting reduction in the temperature control weak reducing atmosphere kiln, kiln temperature of 800 ~ 850 ℃, kiln temperature 350 ~ 400 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 80min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 90KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; adding iron-rich calcium chloride 2%, 2% bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc granulation Machine weight made of 20 ~ 30mm small balls, then into the chain Bi machine drying, preheating 16min directly into the rear rotary kiln, kiln temperature of 1150 ~ 1200 ℃, kiln temperature of 950 ~ 1000 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination calcining the pellets in the kiln firing time 60min, obtained in accordance with requirements of the standard iron iron pellets 6 (composition shown in Table 2), a low iron-arsenic.Collect flue dust through the cloth bag type dust collecting system, the fume centralized after the dedusting adopts wet purifying decice to purify, and obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 7
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 2.8 times the total mass of ferrous chloride, 10% of coke as a reducing agent, ingredients alkalinity (CaO / SiO
2 ) is 0.66, after full after mixing into the rotary kiln for pre-chlorination roasting reduction in the temperature control weak reducing atmosphere kiln, kiln temperature of 1000 ~ 1050 ℃, kiln temperature 400 ~ 450 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 110min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 98KA / m, 114042 isolated rich tailings; adding iron-rich calcium chloride 2%, 2% bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc granulation Machine weight made of 20 ~ 30mm small balls, then into the chain Bi machine drying, preheating 20min directly into the rear rotary kiln, kiln temperature of 1200 ~ 1250 ℃, kiln temperature 900 ~ 950 ℃, high temperature oxidation of chlorinated calcining the pellets in the kiln firing time 65min, obtained in accordance with requirements of the standard iron iron pellets 7 (composition shown in Table 2), a low iron-arsenic.Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 8
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, the total mass of volatile metals click 3 times ferrous chloride, 10% lignite as a reducing agent, ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) is 0.60, after stirring the mixture into the rotary kiln for pre-chlorination roasting reduction in the temperature control kiln Within a weak reducing atmosphere kiln temperature 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, kiln temperature 450 ~ 500 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 120min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 100KA / m , 114042 isolated rich tailings; iron-rich calcium chloride is added 2% 2% bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer re made of 20 ~ 30mm small balls, then into the chain Bi machine drying, preheating 20min directly into the rear rotary kiln, kiln temperature of 1300 ~ 1350 ℃, kiln temperature 1000 ~ 1050 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting the pellets in the kiln firing time 70min, obtained in accordance with requirements of the standard iron iron pellets 8 (composition shown in Table 2), a low iron-arsenic.Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Embodiment 9
Shown in Table 1, the tin lean ore as raw material, to the volatile tin chloride, lead, zinc and copper metal total mass of 4.07%, click volatile metals 2.7 times the total mass of ferrous chloride was added, adding 6% lignite as a reducing agent, ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 ) was 0.55, after stirring the mixture into the rotary kiln for pre-chlorination roasting reduction in the temperature control kiln Within a weak reducing atmosphere kiln temperature 1150 ~ 1200 ℃, kiln temperature 350 ~ 400 ℃, charge in the kiln calcination time 90min; outputs cooled calcine into weak magnetic separator, controlling the magnetic field strength 100KA / m , 114042 isolated rich tailings; iron-rich calcium chloride is added 2% 2% bentonite, calcium chloride dissolved in water and diluted spray thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients, into the disc pelletizer re made of 20 ~ 30mm small balls, then into the chain Bi machine drying, preheating 20min directly into the rear rotary kiln, kiln temperature of 1150 ~ 1200 ℃, kiln temperature of 950 ~ 1000 ℃, temperature oxidation and chlorination roasting the pellets in the kiln firing time 65min, obtained in accordance with requirements of the standard iron iron pellets 9 (composition shown in Table 2), a low iron-arsenic.Gather dust, cleaning section is with last embodiment, obtains precious metals such as tin, lead, copper, zinc, the flue gas qualified discharge.
Comparison example:
As Comparative Example, using calcium chloride as a chlorinating agent, with the ingredients as in Example 1, according to 2.5 times the total amount of metal chloride, calcium chloride 9% (by weight refer CaCl
2 dry weight), adding a reducing agent 7% (including 4% lignite, coke powder 3%), ingredients basicity (CaO / SiO
2 molecular ratio) 0.67, after full into the rotary kiln after mixing, the temperature of calcination, magnetic, system group, calcination procedures and the same conditions as in Example 1, the temperature of the kiln firing temperature 850 ~ 950 ℃, kiln temperature 350 ~ 400 ℃ , the residence time in the kiln charge 100min; outputs cooled calcine obtained through magnetic iron-rich and tailings; iron-rich ingredients added calcium chloride in 2% 2% bentonite, fully wet after mixing , admission disc granulators, made of 20 ~ 30mm small balls into the chain Bi machine drying molding, molding pellets into the rotary kiln, kiln control is weak oxidizing atmosphere, kiln temperature 1300 ~ 1350 ℃, kiln Tail temperature 1000 ~ 1050 ℃, high temperature oxidative chlorination roasting, baking pellet residence time in the kiln control 60min, to obtain iron pellets 10 (composition shown in Table 2), close to 60% of iron pellets, zinc tin-copper sulfur content of the required quality, but high levels of arsenic impurity, more than 0.5%, are substandard products, tin lead volatilization rate of 90% or more.
Embodiment and comparison example roasting product component list (%) table 2
| Sequence number | Sn | Pb | Zn | Cu | Fe | As | S |
| Iron ball group 1 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 64.17 | 0.05 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 2 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 63.66 | 0.05 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 3 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 65.59 | 0.07 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 4 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.23. | 0.16 | 64.17 | 0.05 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 5 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 53.39 | 0.11 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 6 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 62.65 | 0.05 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 7 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 65.39 | 0.07 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 8 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.25. | 0.19 | 64.87 | 0.05 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 9 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.45 | 0.33 | 53.23 | 0.11 | ≤0.10 |
| Iron ball group 10 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 59.85 | 0.51 | ≤0.10 |
| Flue dust | 18.06 | 17.42 | 8.93 | 1.13 | ? | 21.20 | ? |
Explain: flue dust is the flue dust that 10 embodiment merge collection.
Claims (10)
1. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method utilized of the poor medium tin ore full price of a complicacy; It is characterized in that: temperature reduction chloridizing roasting in comprising, magnetic separation, the preparation of rich iron ball group, high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting, iron ball are rolled into a ball cooling and energy recovery, gather dust and are purified, and specifically comprise following operation:
A, middle temperature reduction chloridizing roasting: make chlorizating agent with iron protochloride, its add-on is 2.0 ~ 3.0 times of total mass that need chlorating tin, lead, zinc and copper in the poor medium tin ore; Make reductive agent with brown coal and/or coke powder, add-on is 6 ~ 10% of a medium tin ore quality, and batching basicity is 0.5 ~ 0.67, makes in the preposition rotary kiln to be in weakly reducing atmosphere 800 ~ 1100 ℃ of control temperature of kiln head, 350 ~ 500 ℃ of kiln end temperatures, chloridizing roasting 80 ~ 120min;
B, magnetic separation: with the calcining after the reduction chloridizing roasting non-ferrous metal volatilization in the A operation; Be cooled to about 100 ° of C through heat-exchanger rig; Send into magnetic plant then; Under 90 ~ 100KA/m magneticstrength, carry out dry type magnetic separation, ferrous material and non-iron material are separated, obtain smart powder of rich iron and low iron milltailings;
C, the preparation of iron ball group: with the calcium chloride that adds weight ratio about 2% in the rich iron powder material that obtains after the magnetic separation; Tackiness agent about 2%; After mixing, deliver to the spherolite of processing particle diameter 20 ~ 30mm in the nodulizer; Send into then in the drying and preheating device, drying and preheating 16 ~ 20min are carried out in segmentation under 400 ~ 1000 ℃ of temperature, obtain drying and preheating iron ball group;
D, high temperature oxidation chloridizing roasting: group directly sends in the rearmounted rotary kiln with C operation dryness finalization iron ball; In the control rotary kiln is weak oxide atmosphere; 1150 ~ 1350 ℃ of control temperature of kiln head, 900 ~ 1050 ℃ of kiln end temperatures, oxidation chlorination roasting 60 ~ 70min; Under oxidizing atmosphere, make residual copper, zinc through chloridizing volatilization, and make sulphur be oxidized to sulfurous gas entering flue gas; Martial ethiops Fe
3O
4Be oxidized to high price red stone Fe
2O
3, high-temperature roasting impels the pelletizing consolidation and sclerosis to become qualified iron ball group;
E, the cooling of iron ball group and energy recovery: get into heat-exchanger rig behind the high temperature iron pelletizing kiln discharge and reclaim heat energy, be about to cold wind and be heated to 700 ~ 800 ℃ of drying sources as the C operation, iron ball group is cooled to about 100 ℃ simultaneously;
F, gather dust and purify: the flue dust that two sections rotary kilns produce adopts the dry dust collection systematic collection respectively, captures the oxide compound of wherein tin, lead, zinc, copper or arsenic; Fume centralized after the dedusting adopts wet purifying decice to purify, and oxide compound and other MOX/muriates of sulphur in the flue gas or arsenic trapped in the scavenging solution, makes flue gas reach qualified emission standard.
2. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized is characterized in that: the add-on of iron protochloride described in the A operation is 2.2 ~ 2.8 times of total mass that need chlorating tin, lead, zinc and copper in the poor medium tin ore; Make reductive agent with brown coal and/or coke powder, add-on is 7 ~ 9% of a medium tin ore quality, and batching basicity is 0.55 ~ 0.60.
3. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized; It is characterized in that: described magnetic separation is controlled under 92 ~ 98KA/m magneticstrength to be carried out, and makes iron and foreign matter content in the smart powder of rich iron reach the specification of quality of qualified iron essence powder; Contain SiO in the described low iron milltailings
2, CaO, Al
2O
3, Fe
2O
3, Cu and/or Zn oxide compound, get into tin melting operation as flux.
4. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized is characterized in that: the tackiness agent described in the C operation is one or more the mixed adhesive in sodium bentonite, the calcium-base bentonite.
5 according to claim 1, wherein the complexity of the full price lean ore tin chloride metallurgical method using a composite, characterized in that: C step granulator as described in Park pan granulator; said drying pre- heating means for the drive chain, Bi, Bi spheroids in the chain drive 600 ~ 800 ℃ temperature drying and preheating segmentation.
6. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized; It is characterized in that: said D operation rotary kiln high-temperature tail gas gets into dust collecting system as the preheating thermal source of C operation pelletizing again after the heat exchange of heating iron ball group is cooled to 250 ~ 300 ℃.
7. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized, it is characterized in that: the heat-exchanger rig described in the E operation is a circular cooler, the hot blast after the heat exchange is incorporated dust collecting system into after remaking the thermal source utilization of rolling into a ball for dry iron ball.
8. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized, it is characterized in that: the described dry dust collection of F operation system is gravity settling dust collecting system and/or bag collection system; Described purification system is a system for wet purification, and the tail gas of collecting after two sections rotary kiln dust collecting systems is concentrated purification.
9. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of said preposition rotary kiln is 0.5 ~ 0.7 r/min, obliquity is 4 ~ 5%; Kiln body length-to-diameter ratio is 10 ~ 12.
10. the compound dchlorine metallurgy method that the poor medium tin ore full price of complicacy according to claim 1 is utilized, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of said rearmounted rotary kiln is 0.7 ~ 1.0 r/min, and obliquity is 3 ~ 4%, and kiln body length-to-diameter ratio is 8 ~ 10.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106282582A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-04 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | A kind of recovery non-ferrous metal, rare precious metal and method of iron powder from fume from steel making |
| CN106282583A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-04 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | A kind of recovery non-ferrous metal, rare precious metal and method of iron powder from ironmaking dust |
| CN106676257A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-17 | 江西理工大学 | Arsenic removal method of arsenic-containing waste residues |
| CN107201442A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-26 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of system and method for handling zinc leaching residue |
| CN107557569A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-01-09 | 江西理工大学 | Complexity is containing golden troilite chloridising roasting separation Method for extracting gold |
| CN111484252A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-04 | 烟台泰新环保科技有限公司 | Method for resource utilization of hazardous waste incineration residue by melting, chloridizing and roasting |
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| CN102051472A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-05-11 | 中南大学 | Method for treating enrichment set in poor pin and extracting tin and other color metals |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106282582A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-04 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | A kind of recovery non-ferrous metal, rare precious metal and method of iron powder from fume from steel making |
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| CN107201442A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-26 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of system and method for handling zinc leaching residue |
| CN107557569A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-01-09 | 江西理工大学 | Complexity is containing golden troilite chloridising roasting separation Method for extracting gold |
| CN111484252A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-04 | 烟台泰新环保科技有限公司 | Method for resource utilization of hazardous waste incineration residue by melting, chloridizing and roasting |
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