CN102559394A - Low-calorie edible vegetable oil preparation technology - Google Patents
Low-calorie edible vegetable oil preparation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN102559394A CN102559394A CN2010106227788A CN201010622778A CN102559394A CN 102559394 A CN102559394 A CN 102559394A CN 2010106227788 A CN2010106227788 A CN 2010106227788A CN 201010622778 A CN201010622778 A CN 201010622778A CN 102559394 A CN102559394 A CN 102559394A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-calorie edible vegetable oil preparation method which adopts a chemical ester exchange technology, wherein a reaction accelerator is introduced to the method. Compared with that of the conventional oil, the calorie of the product of low-calorie edible vegetable oil is reduced by 2%-50%. The preparation method of the low-calorie edible vegetable oil comprises the steps of: weighing 40%-70% of edible oil, adding 30%-60% of glyceryl triacetate to the edible oil, uniformly mixing, adding an emulsifier and a catalyst to the mixture according to the mass percent of the emulsifier accounting for 1%-10% relative to the edible oil and the mass percent of the catalyst accounting for 0.1%-2.0% relative to the edible oil, uniformly mixing for 10-60min at the temperature of 140-200 DEG C to obtain a mixture, carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixture for 10 min-120, and then, filtering and rinsing so as to obtain the low-calorie edible vegetable oil. According to the low-calorie edible vegetable oil preparation method, the technology is simple, the yield is high, the calorie of the low-calorie edible vegetable oil is 2%-50% lower than that of the conventional oil, and the low-calorie edible vegetable oil is a healthy oil product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the oil and fat preparation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation technology of edible vegetable oil low in calories.
Background technology
The length chain triglyceride is one type of modified glycerol three ester, comprises a short chain fatty acid low in calories (SCFA) in the molecule at least.Advantage such as it has that heat is low, security good, high oxidation stability, mouthfeel and physical properties are similar with natural fats and oils; Therefore be superior to general lipid substitute and mock; Be applied to abroad in the various low moisture or higher fatty acid system food; Like stuffed, the peanut butter in chocolate coating, potato chips, hard candy and toffee, candy and the bakery product, dessert, food flavouring and in milk-product; Like acid curd, cold drink, cheese etc.,, has extraordinary application prospect to satisfy the demand of different foods processing.
The U.S. abbreviates the length chain triglyceride as Salatrim (Short And Long-chain AcidTriglyceride Molecules), and it is dropped into commercialization and use.Examined in 1994, and approval is GRAS (Generally Regarded AsSafe) through FDA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety.Obtain EU Committee's approval in December, 2003, allow at bakery product, candy especially uses in chocolate.
The method for preparing at present the length chain triglyceride is mainly chemical method and enzyme process, under different reaction conditions, and catalysis longer chain fatty acid and short chain fatty acid generation esterification or transesterification reaction.Both at home and abroad to the existing a large amount of reports of its production technique.This paper has mainly introduced raw materials for production, reaction principle, production technique and production and the present condition for application of preparation length chain triglyceride.
1 raw materials for production:
The long chain fatty acid of external production length chain triglyceride (Salatrim) mainly is rich in stearic raw oil from hydrogenated rapeseed oil, VT 18, Oleum Gossypii semen or sunflower seeds wet goods, and the source of short carbon chain lipid acid mainly is vanay, tripropionin, tributyrin or their mixture.The Salatrim product can have various ways, and is existing runny liquid, and hard solid-like is also arranged, this species diversity depends primarily on mol ratio and kind short, longer chain fatty acid.
The long chain fatty acid of domestic preparation length chain triglyceride is specially LAURIC ACID 99 MIN, myristic acid, Palmiticacid, Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid etc., comes from common vegetables oil.Short carbon chain lipid acid is mainly derived from vanay, tripropionin, tributyrin or their mixture; Perhaps acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid etc. are one or more mixtures wherein.
2 production technique:
The working method of length chain triglyceride mainly contains chemical method and enzyme process.
2.1 chemical method:
Chemical method utilizes the chemical catalyst catalyzed reaction exactly, oil modification is obtained having the composition of specific function.Be divided into esterification and transesterification reaction, wherein transesterification reaction is the main method that the domestic and international research scholar adopts.
2.1.1 esterification:
Esterification is under certain condition; The mono-glycerides or the two sweet esters that carry out the transesterification reaction generation with vegetables oil and glycerine are raw material, use chemical catalyst, carry out esterification with acry radical donor; Obtain bullion, obtain finished product through refining steps such as alkali refining, dehydrations again.
The esterification general technology is: vegetables oil+glycerine (+catalyzer) → glycerine hydrolysis products → esterification → esterification products → bullion → washing → drying → alkali refining → deodorization → drying → product
Esterification complex procedures, processing condition harsh (using protection of inert gas), the side reaction of following is many, must carry out complicated treating process.Consume a large amount of raw materials and the energy aborning, so adopt less.
2.1.2 chemical transesterification reaction:
At a certain temperature, use chemical catalyst, make longer chain fatty acid and short chain fatty acid (vanay, tripropionin, tributyrin or their mixture) that transesterification reaction take place.
In transesterification reaction, catalyzer is a kind of very strong nucleophilic reagent, and it can attack the carbonyl of a kind of lipid acid-glycerine ester bond, forms a kind of tetrahedron midbody.Then, discharge fatty acid methyl ester, stay next glycerine salt anionic.The new glycerine salt anionic that forms is the nucleophilic reagent of nucleophillic attack carbonylic carbon atom after this.
Adopt transesterification reaction production length chain triglyceride both at home and abroad, had the technology of comparative maturity, and drop into commercial prodn.Human short chain fatty acids such as Klemann (vanay, tripropionin and tributyrin) and saturated long chain fatty acid (hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil and hydrogenated soybean oil) carry out the synthetic length chain triglyceride of transesterification reaction.
Human hydrogenated soybean oil such as Billy, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil and short-chain fat family triglyceride level (vanay, tripropionin, tributyrin) are according to certain molar ratio example (tributyrin: hydrogenated rapeseed oil=2.5: 1; Vanay: tripropionin: hydrogenated rapeseed oil or hydrogenated soybean oil=11: 1: 1; Vanay: tripropionin: tributyrin: hydrogenated rapeseed oil or hydrogenated cottonseed oil=4: 4: 4: 1) carry out transesterify and prepared 5 kinds of length chain triglycerides, find product moity can the esterification model carries out accurately predicting through using at random
[6]The allocation proportion of triacyl glycerol ester and starting raw material lipid acid proportion of composing are very identical, and the short chain fatty acid in the product has reflected the content of hybrid reaction system Short-Chain Fatty Acids.Excessive short-chain fat three esters are as the solvent of mixture, and in deodorisation process, remove.Raw material distills in the scraped film type still kettle, and the temperature of water distilling apparatus is 190 ℃, and the internal core temperature is 80 ℃, and vacuum pressure is 0.04torr.Further refining obtains final product, and it is triacyl glycerol that the component above 96% is arranged in the product, and non-acylglycerol Ester is a vitamin E.
This technological reaction speed is fast, and technology is simple, and reaction conditions is gentle.The catalyzer low price, and can utilize existing processes process and equipment.Though the position of lipid acid generation transesterification reaction is at random in the chemical reaction; And Triple Pressed Stearic Acid only in 1 or 3 of glyceryl ester grease just can show low in calories; But people such as Klemann find that the composition of triglyceride level has very high predictability in the resultant, and people such as Billy have also verified this conclusion.The molar ratio of short chain fatty acid and long-chain fat acid reaction has determined the various possible triglyceride products and the relative concentration of isomers.So for special product, it can be realized through the ratio of control short chain and longer chain fatty acid.All excessive short chain fatty acids are all removed through vacuum distilling, in reaction process, reaction are carried out to continuous production resultant direction like this.
But reaction needed is expensive and the high toxicity organic reagent is arranged, and these must avoid the use of in food.And chemical reaction can take place and produces peculiar smell with side reaction, and therefore reaction finishes to carry out deodorizing and separates with organic reagent.The washing that need neutralize of post-processed process can bring a large amount of trade effluents.
2.2 enzyme process:
Lypase has specific lipase and non-specific lypase, and specific lipase refers to that this quasi-lipase has 1,3-position selectivity, and non-specific lypase does not then have such character.If use 1; The directed lypase of 3-is as catalyzer; Then the migration of acyl group and exchange are limited on 1-position and the 3-position; So just can produce chemical transesterify the specific objective product that can't obtain, and, will obtain and the similar result of chemical method transesterify with the transesterify that non-specific lypase comes sweet three esters of catalysis.
Substrate through lipase-catalyzed, carries out transesterification reaction with long-chain glyceryl ester and the catalysis of short chain glyceryl ester at a certain temperature.General process is: add a certain proportion of substrate and mix, after isothermal vibration reaches temperature of reaction, pick up counting, stop concussion after the arrival reaction times, with the enzyme spinning, obtain product.
People such as Klemann adopt enzyme immobilization technology, utilize Stearic ethyl stearate (containing a small amount of palmitinic acid) and tributyrin transesterification reaction, preparation length chain triglyceride in packed bed reactor; Flow velocity is 1ml/min; 40～43min finds 1 of long-chain, and 3-position substituent reaches 88%; Proof can adopt specific enzymes to prepare the length chain triglyceride, and reaches very high productive rate.
People such as Korea S Yang adopt enzyme immobilization technology, vanay and stearate are carried out transesterification reaction prepare the length chain triglyceride, find in solvent-free system; Lypase ability efficient catalytic transesterification reaction; In vacuum systems, can extract acetate gas out, thereby solve the acetate residue problem, reduce purification step; But need to add a certain amount of moisture, with the validity that guarantees that enzyme is lived.
People such as the Jang of Korea S utilize enzyme catalysis vanay and Triple Pressed Stearic Acid generation transesterify, find in solvent-free system, lypase can the efficient catalytic stearate and vanay generation transesterification reaction prepare the length chain triglyceride.But in closed system, the acetate that the glycerol acetate hydrolysis produces increases gradually, and the pH value of solution reduces gradually, therefore can reduce the activity of enzyme.Increasing also of acetate can influence molecular balance simultaneously, and substrate reactions is incomplete.Therefore, open system is more suitable for the production of length chain glyceryl ester.
People such as the Zhang Jing of East China University of Science are raw material with vanay and triolein, and lypase Lipozyme TL IM makes catalyzer, and enzyme dosage is the 25IUN/g substrate, and the productive rate that obtains product is 76%.
The Production by Enzymes longer chain fatty acid can by lypase optionally catalysis be positioned at glyceryl ester 1, the 3-position, thereby the grease energy that obtains than chemical synthesis is low.Also have, reaction conditions is gentle, pollutant emission is few, the product separation purifying is simple, can reduce energy expenditure and side reaction is few.
But enzyme reaction temperature and pH value are had relatively high expectations.Along with the carrying out of reaction, the acetate that the hydrolysis of short chain glyceryl ester produces, propionic acid, butyric acid etc. increase gradually, and the pH of solution reduces gradually, therefore can reduce the activity of enzyme.Also can influence molecular balance simultaneously, substrate reactions is incomplete.In addition, costing an arm and a leg of lypase uses this enzyme higher as the Catalyst Production cost, limited its application in industrial-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The preparation technology who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of edible vegetable oil low in calories adopts this technology can produce the low-calorie oil fat prod that heat reduces 2%-50%.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is following:
(1) supplementary material ratio
Table 1 supplementary material ratio
Said vegetables oil comprises all edible vegetable oils, like VT 18, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, plam oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, Semen Maydis oil, sunflower seed oil, tea-seed oil, linseed oil, walnut oil, Rice pollard oil, Acertruncatum Bunge oil, the common vegetables oil of maize germ wet goods or its blended oil by a certain percentage.
(2) technological process
1. mix:, mix according to aforementioned proportion with vegetables oil and glycerine triacetate.
2. transesterification reaction: add reaction promotor and catalyzer according to aforementioned proportion, under 140 ℃ of-200 ℃ of vacuum, carry out transesterification reaction 10min-60min.
3. distillation: the transesterification reaction thing is distilled 10min-120min under vacuum, remove remaining glycerine triacetate, obtain thick product.
4. washing: wash thick product, obtain unrefined edible vegetable oil low in calories.
The beneficial effect of the present invention's food plant oil making technology low in calories is,
(1) production and processing technology is simple to operate, and the product yield is higher, and quality meets national vegetables oil hygienic standard.
(2) product of producing is liquid at normal temperatures, and product absorbs the no longer Synthetic Oil accumulation in human body of back short chain fatty acid.
(3) heat of product is a kind of oil and fat product of health than the low 2%-50% of conventional grease.
Embodiment
The present invention prepares the method for edible vegetable oil low in calories, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1: take by weighing the edible vegetable oil of 40%-70%, the glycerine triacetate that adds 30%-60% mixes, and obtains mixture;
Step 2: the mass percent according to reaction promotor and edible oil is 1%-10%; Mass percent according to catalyzer and edible oil is 0.1%-2.0%, and the edible oil quality according to step 1 takes by weighing takes by weighing reaction promotor and catalyzer; Join in the mixture that step 1 obtains; Heated and stirred obtains mixture, and distillation after the termination reaction, filtration, washing obtain edible vegetable oil low in calories.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing 0.7kg purified soyabean oil and 0.3kg glycerine triacetate, mix, take by weighing 1% reaction promotor earlier; Take by weighing 0.3% catalyzer again; Under 140 ℃ of vacuum, carry out transesterification reaction 10min, underpressure distillation 60min after-filtration, washing obtains edible soybean oil low in calories.
Embodiment 2:
Take by weighing 0.5kg refined rapeseed oil and 0.5kg glycerine triacetate, mix, take by weighing 10% reaction promotor earlier; Take by weighing 2.0% catalyzer again; Under 160 ℃ of vacuum, carry out transesterification reaction 40min, underpressure distillation 45min after-filtration, washing obtains edible rapeseed oil low in calories.
Embodiment 3:
Take by weighing 0.4kg refine peanut oil and 0.6kg glycerine triacetate, mix, take by weighing 5% reaction promotor earlier; Take by weighing 1.0% catalyzer again; Under 200 ℃ of vacuum, carry out transesterification reaction, underpressure distillation 120min after-filtration, washing obtains edible peanut oil low in calories.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation technology of an edible vegetable oil low in calories is characterized in that, adopts chemical ester exchange process.
2. according to the described edible vegetable oil of claim 1, it is characterized in that, add reaction promotor in the transesterification reaction.
3. a method for preparing the described edible vegetable oil of claim 1 is characterized in that, implements according to following steps:
Step 1: take by weighing the edible oil of 40%-70%, the glycerine triacetate that adds 30%-70% mixes.
Step 2: the mass percent according to reaction promotor and edible oil is 1%-10%; Mass percent according to catalyzer sodium alkoxide and edible oil is 0.1%-2.0%, joins in the mixture that step 1 obtains, and mixes; At 140 ℃-200 ℃; Reaction 10min-60min obtains mixture, underpressure distillation 10min-120min after-filtration, and washing obtains edible vegetable oil low in calories.
4. according to the described a kind of method for preparing edible vegetable oil low in calories of claim 3, it is characterized in that, add reaction promotor in the transesterification reaction.
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| CN2010106227788A CN102559394A (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2010-12-31 | Low-calorie edible vegetable oil preparation technology |
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| CN2010106227788A CN102559394A (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2010-12-31 | Low-calorie edible vegetable oil preparation technology |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103535450A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-29 | 宁国市沙埠粮油加工厂 | Low-calorie edible oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN103689118A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 东至县兄弟粮油购销有限责任公司 | Production method of low-calorie edible grease |
| CN107873866A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-06 | 温州金甫润油脂有限公司 | A kind of edible oil-and-fat composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN107950683A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-24 | 温州金甫润油脂有限公司 | A kind of edible oil oil/fat composition |
| CN108112710A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-05 | 温州金甫润油脂有限公司 | A kind of edible oil-and-fat composition |
| CN108998242A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-14 | 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of light odor type cigarette preparation method of dripping pill essence and its application in cigarette |
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2010
- 2010-12-31 CN CN2010106227788A patent/CN102559394A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103689118A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 东至县兄弟粮油购销有限责任公司 | Production method of low-calorie edible grease |
| CN103535450A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-29 | 宁国市沙埠粮油加工厂 | Low-calorie edible oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN107873866A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-06 | 温州金甫润油脂有限公司 | A kind of edible oil-and-fat composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN107950683A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-24 | 温州金甫润油脂有限公司 | A kind of edible oil oil/fat composition |
| CN108112710A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-05 | 温州金甫润油脂有限公司 | A kind of edible oil-and-fat composition |
| CN108998242A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-14 | 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of light odor type cigarette preparation method of dripping pill essence and its application in cigarette |
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Application publication date: 20120711 |