CN102554492A - Low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material and a preparation process of the low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material. The low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material comprises the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 5.5-6.5% of Zn, 0.1-0.8% of Nd, 0.20-1.0% of Ca, 0.1-0.9% of Mn, 0.1-0.4% of Al, 90.0-93.5% of Mg, a small amount of metal impurities, including Cu, Ni, Fe and Si. The low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material is prepared by a process comprising the following steps of: (1) smelting and casting; (2) homogenizing; and (3) hot extrusion and pulling and extracting. The low-pollution magnesium alloy welding material has the advantages of low pollution, high strength, simple preparation technology and low cost. By improving the boiling point of the magnesium alloy material, the welding dust can be reduced by more than 50% when being compared with the common magnesium alloy welding materials, and the melting deposition efficiency is higher than 80%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding material, relate in particular to a kind of magnesium alloy welding material and preparation technology thereof.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy is one of the lightest structural material of present industry manufacture field application.In recent years, the continuing to bring out of novel magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy obtains applications well in automobile, aircraft, 3C electronic product field.Along with the expansion that magnesium alloy is used, the key technology that solder technology is used processing as magnesium alloy is also developed accordingly, to the also corresponding increase of demand of magnesium alloy welding material.Present research and development to the magnesium alloy welding material is carried out corresponding less, mainly comprises:
General AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy welding material that NEC produces.Dalian University of Technology conducts a research around the technology of preparing of magnesium alloy welding material; Developed magnesium alloy solder wire extruding drawing manufacturing process; Mg alloy wire continuous squeezing method (seeing one Chinese patent application 03111456.3); The diffusion-connection continuous extrusion method of Mg alloy wire (seeing one Chinese patent application 200710157874.8) is prepared multiple AZ series magnesium alloy welding material, has realized the good connection of magnesium alloy.Harbin Institute of Technology has carried out preparation of AZ31 magnesium alloy solder wire and performance study, has improved the performance (see Harbin Institute of Technology's master thesis, Xu runs quickly the research of AZ31 magnesium alloy silk material drawing process, 2006) of magnesium alloy solder wire.Preparation of AZ91D magnesium alloy solder wire and Study on Structure Property that Xi'an University of Technology carries out; Adopt the welding wire of its preparation to realize that the TIG of AZ91D magnesium alloy welds; Property of welded joint well (is seen Xi'an University of Technology's master thesis; Wang Bing, hot extrusion method prepare magnesium alloy solder wire and welding point analysis thereof, 2007).Preparation method's (seeing Chinese patent 200810054925.9) of a kind of high-strength magnesium alloy solder wire of Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan's exploitation, the magnesium alloy solder wire intensity of its exploitation can reach 330Mpa.A kind of high heat crack resistance magnesium alloy welding stick (seeing one Chinese patent application 2009100671611) of Jilin University exploitation can effectively reduce the hot cracking tendency of magnesium alloy welding process.
Above-mentioned research about magnesium alloy solder wire tissue, performance and preparation method mainly concentrates on the architectural feature of improving magnesium alloy solder wire self, optimizes the magnesium alloy weld joint aspect of performance; And low for the boiling point of magnesium alloy welding material, welding process is prone to problems such as evaporation, the high welding of a large amount of weld fumes generations of burning formation pollution and does not all touch.
As everyone knows; Because the characteristics that the molten boiling point that magnesium alloy self has is lower (fusing point: 640～660 ℃, boiling point: 1100～1150 ℃), violent evaporation, combustion phenomena take place in welding process; And form a large amount of weld fumes and pernicious gas; Not only waste a large amount of magnesium alloy welding materials, also formed significant welding and polluted, simultaneously welding worker healthy formed remarkable harm.Given this, need the high pollution problem that exists to the magnesium alloy welding process badly, development of new magnesium alloy welding material.
Summary of the invention
In view of existing in prior technology the problems referred to above, the present invention aims to provide a kind of low pollution, high strength, preparation technology is simple, cost is low magnesium alloy welding material and preparation technology thereof.Through optimizing components to magnesium alloy materials, improve the magnesium alloy boiling point, the control magnesium alloy is in evaporation, the burning of welding process, and then the low pollution welding of realization magnesium alloy, improves welding efficiency simultaneously.
Technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of low pollution magnesium alloy welding material is characterized in that, its chemical composition by mass percentage:
Zn，5.5-6.5％；
Nd，0.1-0.8％；
Ca，0.20-1.0％；
Mn，0.1-0.9％；
Al，0.1～0.4％；
Mg，90.0-93.5％
Metal impurities comprise Cu, Ni, Fe, Si, and are a small amount of.
Utilize the compound action of Zn element and rare earth element to form Mg-Zn structure among the present invention, form compound between refractory metals such as Mg-Nd with highest stabilizing property and Mg-Zn-Nd, improve the molten boiling point of magnesium alloy through adding rare earth element with group's bunch characteristic; Utilize the intensity of crystal grain thinning with the effect raising magnesium alloy welding material that purifies crystal boundary of rare earth element; Add the Mn element simultaneously as active element, improve the solderability of welding material; The flame resistant ability of magnesium alloy usually improves in the Ca unit that adds alkalescence, further improves the magnesium alloy boiling point, and its evaporation and burning velocity in welding process is obviously reduced, and obtains lower weld fume emission rate, reduces welding and pollutes, and improves deposition efficiency simultaneously.
The preparation technology of said magnesium alloy welding material comprises the steps:
(1) melting and casting: with Mg-Zn alloy (Zn content 5.5%-6.5%) ingot casting is basis; Through special method of smelting, remove objectionable impurities wherein, and elements such as suitable interpolation rare earth neodymium, calcium; By the content of weldering object adjustment aluminium element, be cast as ingot according to actual then.The magnesium alloy ingot composition is (mass percent), Zn5.25%-6.30%, Nd0.1%-0.8%, Ca0.20-1.0%, Mn0.1%-0.9%, Al0.1%～0.4% and contain little metal impurity (Cu, Ni, Fe, Si), and all the other are Mg.
(2) homogenising is handled: with the magnesium alloy ingot through (1) melting and casting is that object carries out the homogenising processing, and the condition of processing is 300 ℃-450 ℃, is incubated 6-20 hour.
(3) hot extrusion-drawing: according to the requirement of hot extrusion welding wire, the high-performance magnesium-alloy ingot casting of handling through (2) homogenising is carried out machining, remove the oxide skin on surface, obtaining diameter is the cylindrical magnesium alloy rod of 60mm-100mm;
Welding wire is preheated to 400 ℃-500 ℃ in extrusion chamber, adopts then to be not less than 100 large extrusion ratio and with the hot extrusion mode ingot casting to be prepared into welding wire, prefabricated gage of wire is 2.2mm-3.0mm; Adopt the effectively crystal grain of refinement welding material of large extrusion ratio, improve welding material intensity;
The employing diameter is that the parcel frame of 0.8-1.0m carries out parcel, and directly utilizes the waste heat of welding wire itself, will push the acquisition magnesium alloy solder wire and directly pass through a heating furnace 350-500 ℃ of insulation;
To carry out the multiple tracks drawing to magnesium alloy solder wire according to the user demand of reality then: prepare the low pollution magnesium alloy welding material that diameter is multiple different sizes such as 2.0mm, 1.6mm, 1.2mm.
Adopt the heating differential analysis method that the correlated performance of material is measured, the boiling point of said material can reach more than 1440 ℃, and welding process is sent out dirt speed at 4.5-5.5mg/s, adopts this welding material welding process to connect deposition efficiency and reaches more than 80%.
Compared with prior art, the following outstanding feature that has of the present invention:
The present invention proposes a kind of zinc content higher magnesium alloy welding material and preparation technology thereof; Adopt complex arts such as metal bath purification, refined crystalline strengthening, homogenising processing, large extrusion ratio work strengthening and active element interpolation; Through trace elements such as interpolation Ca, Mn, Nd, thereby make the higher low pollution magnesium alloy welding material of zinc content.The present invention has low the pollution and intensity is high, preparation technology is simple, cost is low advantage.Through improving the boiling point of magnesium alloy materials; Reduced significantly in the welding process because the weld fumes and the pernicious gas of magnesium alloy welding material explosive vaporization, burning formation; Greatly reduce the threat healthy of magnesium alloy welding manufacture process to the welding operator; The general magnesium alloy welding material weld fumes of the low pollution magnesium alloy welding material that the present invention proposes reduces on 50%, and the welding deposition efficiency is greater than 80%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is low magnesium alloy solder wire and the general magnesium alloy solder wire welded condition comparison diagram of polluting;
Low magnesium alloy solder wire, the general magnesium alloy solder wire of 1b of polluting of 1a;
Fig. 2 is the low magnesium alloy solder wire cross section tissue structure chart that pollutes;
2a is the lateral cross section organization chart, and 2b is the longitudinal cross-section organization chart;
Fig. 3 is a 6mm magnesium alloy double V-groove banjo fixing butt jointing assembling sketch map;
Fig. 4 is welding piece tension failure position.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: be used for the thick AZ31 magnesium alloy plate of automatic MIG welding 6mm
(1) is basis with the Mg-Zn alloy cast ingot, adds elements such as neodymium, calcium, cast after the melting, and carry out homogenising and handle.Adopt its essential element composition of fluorescence spectrum analyzer mensuration to be: Zn 5.85%, Nd 0.70%, Ca 0.82%, Al 0.40%, Mn0.1%, Mg91.78%.Adopting this magnesium alloy materials boiling point of heating differential analysis appearance analysis is 1442 ℃.Welding material is sent out dirt speed 5.2mg/s.
(2) adopting extrusion ratio is that 100 hot-extrusion methods are prepared the magnesium alloy solder wire that diameter is 2.2mm; Directly adopt this magnesium alloy solder wire to carry out the continuous drawing manufacturing then; Prepare that to satisfy the diameter that MIG welds demand automatically be the magnesium alloy solder wire of 1.6mm; The magnesium alloy solder wire for preparing is coiled into dish, prepares for use.This magnesium alloy solder wire tensile strength is measured, and its static tensile strength reaches 382MPa.
Adopt identical manufacturing approach to prepare traditional general magnesium alloy solder wire welding material as a comparison, the length that guarantees magnesium alloy solder wire simultaneously is more than 100m, with the demand that satisfies the automatic MIG of automatic magnesium alloy welding and the demand of cold silk filling TIG welding.
(3) the thick AZ31 magnesium alloy of 6mm extrusion plate is carried out groove processing, angle of preparation is 60 degree before the weldering, and root face is the groove of 3mm, guarantees two magnesium alloy plate bottom closed butt joints, no gap; Use above-mentioned general magnesium alloy solder wire and the low magnesium alloy solder wire that pollutes respectively, adopt the automatic welding jig of MIG that it is welded.
Its welding parameter is when adopting general magnesium alloy solder wire: speed of welding: 1000mm/min; Wire feed rate: 15m/min; Pulse frequency: 65HZ; Average current: 220A.
Adopt the welding parameter of hanging down when polluting magnesium alloy solder wire to be: speed of welding 1000mm/min, wire feed rate 12m/min, welding current 210A.
The weld fumes that forms in the welding process and the deposition efficiency of welding material are analyzed.Weld fumes through collecting in the welding process compares the analysis discovery, and the low dirt speed of sending out of polluting the magnesium alloy welding material is merely 35% of general magnesium alloy welding material.Deposition efficiency to welding material compares discovery, and the low deposition efficiency of polluting magnesium alloy solder wire reaches 85%, and the cladding efficient of general magnesium alloy welding material is less than 60%.
(4) according to welding point stretching test method GB/T2651-2008, welding point is carried out performance test.Welding point average tensile strength 229Mpa, mother metal tensile strength 240Mpa, strength of welded joint reaches 95.4% of magnesium alloy mother metal.
Embodiment 2: be used for the thick ZK60 magnesium alloy plate of automatic MIG welding 6mm
(1) is basis with the Mg-Zn alloy cast ingot, adds elements such as neodymium, calcium, cast after the melting, and carry out homogenising and handle.Adopt its essential element composition of fluorescence spectrum analyzer mensuration to be: Zn 6.05%, Nd 0.78%, Ca 0.2%, Al 0.28%, Mn0.61%, Mg92.02%.Adopting this magnesium alloy materials boiling point of heating differential analysis appearance analysis is 1448 ℃.Through test, welding material is sent out dirt speed 4.8mg/s.
(2) adopting extrusion ratio is that 105 hot-extrusion method is prepared the magnesium alloy solder wire that diameter is 2.2mm; Directly adopt this magnesium alloy solder wire to carry out the continuous drawing manufacturing then; Prepare that to satisfy the diameter that MIG welds demand automatically be the magnesium alloy solder wire of 1.6mm, the magnesium alloy solder wire for preparing is coiled into dish.This magnesium alloy solder wire tensile strength is measured, and its static tensile strength reaches 388MPa.
(3) the thick ZK60 magnesium alloy of 6mm extrusion plate is carried out groove processing, guarantee two magnesium alloy plate bottom closed butt joints, the automatic welding jig welding of MIG is adopted in no gap then.Speed of welding 1000mm/min, wire feed rate 12m/min, welding current 220A, the effective deposition efficiency 84% of welding material.
(4) according to welding point stretching test method GB/T2651-2008, welding point is carried out performance test.Welding point average tensile strength 279Mpa, mother metal tensile strength 290Mpa, strength of welded joint reaches 96% of magnesium alloy mother metal, and section presents oblique 45 degree fractures.
Embodiment 3: be used for the thick AZ31 magnesium alloy plate of automatic cold silk filling TIG welding 3mm
(1) is basis with the Mg-Zn alloy cast ingot, adds elements such as neodymium, calcium, cast after the melting, and carry out homogenising and handle.Adopt its essential element composition of fluorescence spectrum analyzer mensuration to be: Zn 5.56%, Nd 0.23%, Ca 0.86%, Al 0.38%, Mn0.29%, Mg92.18%.Adopting this magnesium alloy materials boiling point of heating differential analysis appearance analysis is 1442 ℃.Welding material is sent out dirt speed 5.0mg/s.
(2) adopting extrusion ratio is that 110 hot-extrusion method is prepared the magnesium alloy solder wire that diameter is 2.4mm; Directly adopt this magnesium alloy solder wire to carry out the continuous drawing manufacturing then; Prepare that to satisfy the diameter that TIG welds demand automatically be the magnesium alloy solder wire of 1.6mm; The magnesium alloy solder wire for preparing is coiled into dish, prepares for use.This magnesium alloy solder wire tensile strength is measured, and its static tensile strength reaches 382MPa.
(3) the cold silk filling automatic TIG welding of the thick AZ31 magnesium alloy plate of 3mm is connect.Speed of welding 600mm/min, wire feed rate 1.5m/min, welding current 140A, the effective deposition efficiency 90% of welding material.
(4) according to welding point stretching test method GB/T2651-2008, welding point is carried out performance test.Welding point average tensile strength 226Mpa, mother metal tensile strength 240Mpa, strength of welded joint reaches 94.1% of magnesium alloy mother metal.
Through facts have proved that the use welding material different with AZ31 and ZK60 magnesium alloy composition can realize the good connection of magnesium alloy equally, its bonding strength still can reach more than 90% of mother metal.On the basis that guarantees strength of welded joint,, improve the welding material boiling point, improve deposition efficiency, reduced welding and polluted through optimizing the alloy element component of magnesium alloy welding material.
The above; Be merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention; But protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; Any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. one kind low is polluted the magnesium alloy welding material, it is characterized in that:
Its chemical composition is by mass percentage:
Zn 5.5-6.5%; Nd0.1-0.8%; Ca0.20-1.0%; Mn0.1-0.9%; Al0.1～0.4%; Mg90.0～93.5%; Metal impurities comprise Cu, Ni, Fe, Si, and are a small amount of;
Said low pollution magnesium alloy welding material adopts following steps to make:
(1) melting casting: requirement according to chemical composition is a basis with the Mg-Zn alloy cast ingot, adds neodymium, calcium in proportion, and the content of adjustment aluminium, manganese, through melting and be cast into cast metals,
(2) homogenising is handled: then with the magnesium alloy ingot of above-mentioned melting and casting at 300 ℃-450 ℃, insulation 6-20h carries out homogenising and handles;
(3) hot extrusion-drawing: the magnesium alloy ingot after the above-mentioned homogenising processing is carried out adopting the hot-extrusion method of large extrusion ratio that ingot casting is prepared into welding wire after the machining, and extrusion ratio is not less than 100; Then utilize the waste heat of welding wire itself, with said welding wire directly through heating furnace 350-500 ℃ of insulation, carry out the multiple tracks drawing through wire-drawing die again, the magnesium alloy welding material of the diameter that obtains meeting the requirements.
2. the preparation technology of a magnesium alloy welding material as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps:
(1) melting casting: requirement according to chemical composition is a basis with the Mg-Zn alloy cast ingot, adds neodymium, calcium in proportion, and the content of adjustment aluminium, manganese, through melting and be cast into cast metals,
The chemical composition of said cast metals does by mass percentage
Zn5.5-6.5%; Nd0.1-0.8%; Ca0.20-1.0%; Mn0.1-0.9%; Al0.1～0.4%; Mg90.0～93.5%; Metal impurities comprise Cu, Ni, Fe, Si, and are a small amount of;
(2) homogenising is handled: then with the magnesium alloy ingot of above-mentioned melting and casting at 300 ℃-450 ℃, insulation 6-20h carries out homogenising and handles;
(3) hot extrusion-drawing: the magnesium alloy ingot after the above-mentioned homogenising processing is carried out adopting the hot-extrusion method of large extrusion ratio that ingot casting is prepared into welding wire after the machining, and extrusion ratio is not less than 100; Then utilize the waste heat of welding wire itself, with said welding wire directly through heating furnace 350-500 ℃ of insulation, carry out the multiple tracks drawing through wire-drawing die again, the magnesium alloy welding material of the diameter that obtains meeting the requirements.
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| CN103639595A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-19 | 华中科技大学 | Method for restraining magnesium alloy element burning loss in high-energy density beam machining |
| CN110014246A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-07-16 | 宁夏中太镁业科技有限公司 | A kind of welding wire and preparation method thereof for welding magnesium alloy materials |
| CN110170766A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-27 | 新乡市七星钎焊科技有限公司 | 30 silver medal solders containing indium of one kind and its preparation process |
| CN112207480A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-12 | 河南维可托镁合金科技有限公司 | Superfine corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy welding wire for 3D printing and processing technology thereof |
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| CN110170766A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-27 | 新乡市七星钎焊科技有限公司 | 30 silver medal solders containing indium of one kind and its preparation process |
| CN112207480A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-12 | 河南维可托镁合金科技有限公司 | Superfine corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy welding wire for 3D printing and processing technology thereof |
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