CN102550654A - Method for preserving Sanhua plum fruits - Google Patents
Method for preserving Sanhua plum fruits Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preserving Sanhua plum fruits, which comprises a step of pre-harvest treatment and a step of after-harvest treatment. A pre-harvest mixture is sprayed onto plum fruits 2 to 4 weeks before harvest. The pre-harvest mixture contains water, boric acid and heterocyclic urea cytokinins, wherein the concentration of boric acid in the pre-harvest mixture is 5 mmol/L to 10 mmol/L, and the volume percent concentration of heterocyclic urea cytokinins is 0.1% (v/v) to 0.3% (v/v). After harvest, the Sanhua plum fruits are soaked in an after-harvest preservative for 10 minutes to 15 minutes at room temperature (25 DEG C to 30 DEG C). The after-harvest preservative is composed of water, calcium chloride and boric acid, wherein the mass percentage concentration of calcium chloride is 0.5% to 1.5%, and the concentration of boric acid is 10 mmol/L to 20 mmol/L. The method has no adverse effect on flavor and quality of Sanhua plum fruits. Besides, the method adopts the pre-harvest mixture to effectively reduce the broken fruit rate before fruit harvest, is advantageous in high efficiency, low cost and no toxic or adverse effect, and can effectively prolong the room-temperature storage period of Sanhua plum fruits and improve the commodity rate of Sanhua plum fruits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables field, be specifically related to the preservation method of three magnificent plum fruits.
Background technology
Three magnificent Lee originate in Wengyuan County San Hua district three Hua Xiang of Guangdong Province; So far have the cultivation history in more than 400 year, the pulp aubergine, the crisp juice of meat is sweet; Unique flavor and be rich in vitamin; Have the good reputation in " south of the Five Ridges summertime fruit king ", is one of Guangdong Province ten big " name, excellent, rare, spy " fruit variety, also is one of fruit variety of giving priority to of Guangdong Province.Yet three magnificent plum fruit picking time, it was fast to adopt the back fruit maturation on the occasion of high temperature season (about 5 last ten-days period), and storage property is poor, and about usually 3-4 days becomes mashed with regard to deliquescing, and the fruit rot rate is high, and the fresh fruit supply phase is short, and export trade is difficult.
At present, Lee fruit preservation method mainly contains physical fresh-keeping method and chemical fresh-keeping method.The physical fresh-keeping method adopts cryopreservation, controlled atmosphere, films, heat treatment etc.; Chemical fresh-keeping method mainly contains bactericide and handles, soaks calcium, ethene adsorbent, polyamines, 1-MCP processing methods such as (1-methyl-cyclopropylene).Yet because there is bigger difference in the interracial preservation method of different Lee fruit, the at present domestic Study on preservation technique that is directed against three magnificent Lee is reported seldom.Chinese invention patent application CN101773159A " a kind of three Hua Liguo method for storing and refreshing " (open day be on 07 14th, 2010) discloses a kind of Sanhua plum fruit storing and fresh keeping method, and the step of this preservation method is in airtight container, to adopt the 1-MCP of 0.05 μ g/L～0.8 μ g/L that three magnificent plum fruits are handled to be placed on low temperature or normal temperature condition storage down.Through screening to 1-MCP variable concentrations and reserve temperature; Confirm best working concentration of 1-MCP and three magnificent plum fruit reserve temperatures; This application people thinks that 1-MCP handles the senile symptom of the three magnificent plum fruit postharvest storage processes that can significantly delay; Obviously improve the quality of storage fruit, prolong three magnificent Lee's under room temperature and cryogenic conditions shelf-life (prolonging storage period), improve three magnificent Lee's quality and commodity rate.China's horticultural science worker attached great importance to the application study of 1-MCP in the postharvest fruit and vegetable preservation and freshness in recent years; But 1-MCP is a kind of double bond containing ring-type hydrocarbon; Boiling point is about 10 ℃; When surpassing certain concentration or pressure, can blast, itself can't exist as a kind of product separately, can not store.In manufacture process, when 1-MCP active ingredient once formation, just be cyclodextrin molecular absorption immediately, form very stable microcapsules.The domestic cyclodextrin parent of also not producing 1-MCP absorption; Producing the efficient absorption of 1-MCP does not break through with stabilization technique yet; Domestic have producer to develop the microcapsule formulation that the 1-MCP stabilizing solution has been broken the solid cyclodextrin absorption of United States Patent (USP) monopolization; But cost is too high, and sizable application is difficult.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods of efficiently cheap, nontoxic pollution-free.To above essential technique problem, the corresponding technical solution scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Pre-treatment is adopted in
(1): fruit 2-4 week before harvesting sprays intermixture solution; Said intermixture is made up of water, boric acid and the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division; Wherein boric acid concentration is 5-10mmol/L, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.1-0.3% (v/v).
Post processing is adopted in
(2): three magnificent plum fruits are flooded in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent solution; Said post-harvest fresh-keeping agent is made up of water, calcium chloride and boric acid; Wherein the calcium chloride mass percentage concentration is 0.5-1.5%, and boric acid concentration is 10-20 mmol/L.The time of being flooded is 10-15 minute.
intermixture mesoboric acid concentration before adopting is 5-8mmol/L, when the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.1-0.2% (v/v), can present state preferably.
Further preferred version:
Intermixture mesoboric acid concentration is 5mmol/L before adopting.
The concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division described in the intermixture is preferably 0.2% (v/v) before adopting.
The calcium chloride mass percentage concentration is preferably 0.5-1% in
said step (2) post-harvest fresh-keeping agent, and boric acid concentration is preferably 10-15mmol/L.
Calcium chloride mass percentage concentration described in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent is 1% in the best proportioning.
BAS concentration described in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent is preferably 10mmol/L in the best proportioning.
Said heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture, be with heterocycle ureas phytocytomine for mainly becoming composite dose of preparation, be called for short (CTK).Can be by denomination of invention " the single step reaction preparation method of 4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide and halo-4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide ", patent No. ZL200510035860.X (
Chinese invention patent application publication number CN1743313A, open day are on March 8th, 2006; Granted publication CN100348582C), also can buy gained by Zhanjiang normal university, it has the effect that promotes cell division and expansion, and prior art is applied on the fruit trees such as lichee, longan, loquat, but does not have report can be applied in Lee fruit fruit trees.
Compare prior art, the effect that the present invention's three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods spray before combining and adopting, the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent is handled has significantly improved fresh-keeping effect.Intermixture is mainly formed and is comprised calcium chloride, boric acid and the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division before adopting; These raw material market are cheap; And calcium and boron is the needed by human mineral element, and the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is a kind of plant growth regulating substance, the extremely low and easy decomposition of its working concentration; These chemical substance environmentally safes are to the body nonhazardous.In addition, spray before the picking fruit and contain before the adopting of the boric acid and the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division behind the intermixture, the Fruit Cracking incidence significantly reduces, and behind the fruit maturation epidermis painted be improved significantly.Show that through result of the test the fruit that adopts preservation method of the present invention to handle can be stored under normal temperature condition 12 days, comparison prolongs about 8 days according to (adopting 15 fens kinds of back immersion) storage period.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the variation sketch map of three magnificent plum fruits soluble solid under room temperature storage of the embodiment of the invention 2 different disposal;
Fig. 2 is the variation sketch map of three magnificent plum fruits titratable acid content under room temperature storage of embodiment 2 different disposal.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1, adopt preceding intermixture preparation:Get heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture, this heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture by denomination of invention be " the single step reaction preparation method of 4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide and halo-4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide ", patent No. ZL200510035860.X (
Chinese invention patent application publication number CN1743313A, open day are on March 8th, 2006; Granted publication CN100348582C) the method preparation of the disclosed embodiments 1, this heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture and boric acid is composite, and preparation afterwards boric acid concentration is 5mmol/L, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.2% (v/v).
2, the test fruit tree is selected: in the orchard same orientation choose size, highly, 10 strains, the three magnificent Li Guoshu of growing way, the basically identicals such as quantity of bearing fruit.
3, handle
The first step: adopt pre-treatment: 4 and 2 before plucking fruit the dusk in the week time-divisions, 5 strains, three magnificent Li Guoshu are sprayed adopt preceding intermixture solution respectively, moistening until blade and fruit.Intermixture is made up of water, boric acid and heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture before said the adopting.Other 5 strains, three magnificent Li Guoshu spray water (as contrast), and are moistening until blade and fruit.
Second step: adopt post processing: spray intermixture and moisture three magnificent plum fruits before adopting respectively, choose big or small basically identical, harmless disease-free fruit is adopted post processing then.Specific as follows:
1) contrast: water spray flooded 10 minutes in water after handling picking fruit before adopting, fruit air-dry back vanning.
2) bactericide is handled: water spray flooded 10 minutes in the water that contains bactericide Te Keduo 500mg/Kg after handling picking fruit before adopting, fruit air-dry back vanning.
3) adopting preceding the spray and in water, flooded 10 minutes after intermixture is handled picking fruit, cases in the air-dry back of fruit.
4) adopt preceding the spray and in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent solution, flooded 10 minutes after intermixture is handled picking fruit, wherein said post-harvest fresh-keeping agent boric acid concentration is 10 mmol/L, calcium chloride mass percentage concentration 1.0%
,Fruit air-dry back vanning.
Each handle fruit air-dry after per approximately respectively 15 kilograms put into 1 frame of plastic, overcoat 0.05mm polyethylene plastic bag, sack open-ended.Every processing 3 casees.
4, holding conditions: three magnificent plum fruits after the processing are at room temperature placed and were stored 10 days.About 33 ℃ of room temperature maximum temperature on daytime.
, fresh-keeping effect contrast
Storage at room temperature after the three magnificent plum fruits that adopt present embodiment 1 to handle are adopted, three magnificent plum fruit rotting rates are as shown in table 1.
Usually commercially be not higher than 10% in the fruit rot rate.Three magnificent plum fruits of spray intermixture before being adopted by the visible fruit of table+adopt post-harvest fresh-keeping agent dipping were preserved 10 days at normal temperatures; The fruit rot rate significantly is lower than contrast, bactericide is handled and the independent preceding spray intermixture of adopting is handled fruit; Combine processing to show synergistic effect preferably before adopting with after adopting, compare about 6 days of the fruit storage phase of prolongation with contrast.Combine the processing hardness of fruit to keep higher before this adopting of while with after adopting, local flavors such as sweet taste tart flavour are unaffected, and the dehiscent fruit rate significantly reduced (Lee really adopts preceding dehiscent fruit and often takes place) before fruit was adopted.Therefore, combine processing to control fruit effectively after adopting before adopting and adopt the rotten generation in back, delayed fruit and adopted after ripening, fresh-keeping effect is better, thereby improves the commodity rate of fruit.
Fruit rot rate (%) under the table 1. different disposal three magnificent plum fruit room temperature storages
| ? | 4 days | 7 |
10 days |
| Adopt preceding water spray+immersion after adopting | 12.7 | 23.3 | 37.4 |
| Adopt preceding water spray+soak after adopting bactericide Te Keduo | 3.4 | 13.4 | 15.1 |
| Spray intermixture before adopting+adopting the back soaks | 2.9 | 7.2 | 13.6 |
| Spray intermixture+post-harvest fresh-keeping agent before adopting | 1.7 | 3.4 | 8.9 |
Experimental example 2:
1, adopt preceding intermixture preparation:Get heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture, this heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture is by the preparation of the method for patent No. ZL200510035860.X the disclosed embodiments 2
2-chloro-4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide,This heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture and boric acid is composite, and preparation back boric acid concentration is 10mmol/L, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.1% (v/v).
2, the test fruit tree is selected: in the orchard same orientation choose size, highly, 10 strains, the three magnificent Li Guoshu of growing way, the basically identicals such as quantity of bearing fruit.
3, handle
The first step: adopt pre-treatment: 4 and 2 before plucking fruit the dusk in the week time-divisions, 10 strains, three magnificent Li Guoshu are sprayed adopt preceding intermixture solution respectively, moistening until blade and fruit.Intermixture is made up of water, boric acid and heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture before said the adopting.
The second, adopt post processing: spray intermixture three magnificent plum fruits before adopting respectively, choose big or small basically identical, harmless disease-free fruit, adopt post processing respectively as follows:
1) contrast: three magnificent plum fruits are water retting 15 minutes, fruit air-dry back vanning.
2) boric acid is handled: three magnificent plum fruits are plucked the back and were flooded 15 minutes with 10 mmol/L BASs, fruit air-dry back vanning.
3) calcium is handled: three magnificent plum fruits are plucked the back and were flooded 15 minutes with 1% calcium chloride solution, fruit air-dry back vanning.
4) antistaling agent (boric acid+calcium chloride) is handled: three magnificent plum fruits are plucked the back with containing 10 mmol/L boric acid and 1% calcium chloride antistaling agent solution dipping 15 minutes, fruit air-dry back vanning.
Each handle fruit air-dry after per approximately respectively 15 kilograms put in the onesize frame of plastic overcoat 0.05mm polyethylene plastic bag, sack open-ended into.
2, holding conditions: 25 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃.
3, storage effect contrast
The three magnificent plum fruits that adopt present embodiment are at room temperature storage, and the rotting rate of three magnificent plum fruits is as shown in table 2.
Usually commercially be not higher than 10% in the fruit rot rate.Visible by table 2, the third processing method fruit rot rate significantly is lower than contrast, boric acid is handled and calcium chloride is handled.
Three magnificent plum fruits of preservation method of the present invention can be preserved 12 days at normal temperatures, and the comparison of fruit room temperature storage phase prolongs about 4 days according to prolonging 8 days than boric acid processing and calcium chloride processing respectively.Usually soluble solid and titratable acid content are to weigh the important indicator that fruit is adopted the back quality, compare with contrast, and antistaling agent is handled does not influence soluble solid and titratable acid content (seeing accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2).Therefore, antistaling agent is remarkable to the fresh-keeping effect of three magnificent plum fruits, improves the commodity rate of fruit effectively.
The variation (%) of table 2. different disposal three magnificent plum fruits rotting rate under room temperature storage
| ? | 2 days | 4 |
6 |
8 |
10 |
12 days |
| Contrast | 0.79 | 13.49 | 16.67 | 19.05 | 23.81 | 30.16 |
| Boric acid | 0.00 | 4.03 | 6.45 | 6.45 | 10.48 | 15.32 |
| Calcium chloride | 0.00 | 4.85 | 7.77 | 7.77 | 9.71 | 14.56 |
| Antistaling agent (boric acid+calcium chloride) | 0.00 | 0.90 | 3.60 | 4.50 | 6.31 | 8.11 |
Embodiment 3
Intermixture preparation before adopting:Get heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture; This heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture is by the disclosed method preparation of patent No. ZL200510035860.X; This heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture and boric acid is composite; Preparation back boric acid concentration is 8mmol/L, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.3% (v/v).
The first step: adopt pre-treatment: 4 and 2 before plucking fruit the dusk in the week time-divisions, intermixture solution before three magnificent Li Guoshu spray and adopt, moistening until blade and fruit.
Second step: adopt post processing: choose big or small basically identical, harmless disease-free fruit is adopted post processing then.Specific as follows:
The spray intermixture flooded 15 minutes in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent solution after handling picking fruit before adopting, and wherein said post-harvest fresh-keeping agent boric acid concentration is 20 mmol/L, calcium chloride mass percentage concentration 1%
,Fruit air-dry back vanning.
Three magnificent plum fruits after the processing are at room temperature placed and were stored 10 days, about 33 ℃ of room temperature maximum temperature on daytime, and good fruit rate remains on more than 90%.
Embodiment 4
Intermixture preparation before adopting:Get heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture; This heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture is by the disclosed method preparation of patent No. ZL200510035860.X; This heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture and boric acid is composite; Preparation back boric acid concentration is 5mmol/L, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.2% (v/v).
The first step: adopt pre-treatment: before plucking fruit
2-4Week is the time-division at dusk, and intermixture solution before three magnificent Li Guoshu spray and adopt is moistening until blade and fruit.
Second step: adopt post processing: choose big or small basically identical, harmless disease-free fruit is adopted post processing then.Specific as follows:
The spray intermixture flooded 15 minutes in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent solution after handling picking fruit before adopting, and wherein said post-harvest fresh-keeping agent boric acid concentration is 15 mmol/L, calcium chloride mass percentage concentration 0.5%
,Fruit air-dry back vanning.
Normal temperature (25 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃) sealing in the low density polyethylene (LDPE) bag of three magnificent plum fruits after the processing is stored, and preserves after 10 days, and three magnificent plum fruits can keep better hardness, and good fruit rate remains on more than 90%.
in sum; After those of ordinary skill in the art reads file of the present invention; Need not creative mental labour according to technical scheme of the present invention and technical conceive and make other various corresponding conversion scheme, the scope that all belongs to the present invention and protected.
Claims (9)
1. magnificent plum fruit preservation method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Adopt pre-treatment: three magnificent plum fruits 2-4 week before harvesting sprays adopts preceding intermixture; Intermixture is made up of water, boric acid and heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division intermixture before said the adopting; Intermixture mesoboric acid concentration is 5-10mmol/L before adopting, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.1-0.3% (v/v);
Adopt post processing: three magnificent plum fruits are flooded in the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent solution; Said post-harvest fresh-keeping agent is made up of water, calcium chloride and boric acid; Wherein the calcium chloride mass percentage concentration is 0.5-1.5%, and boric acid concentration is 10-20 mmol/L, and the time of dipping is 10-15 minute.
2. as claimed in claim 1 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods, intermixture mesoboric acid concentration is 5-8mmol/L before it is characterized in that adopting, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is 0.1-0.2% (v/v).
3. as claimed in claim 2 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods, the dense concentration of intermixture mesoboric acid is 5 mmol/L before it is characterized in that adopting.
4. as claimed in claim 2 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods, before it is characterized in that adopting in the intermixture concentration expressed in percentage by volume of the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division be 0.2% (v/v).
5. as claimed in claim 1 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods is characterized in that the calcium chloride mass percentage concentration is 0.5-1% in step (2) the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent, and boric acid concentration is 10-15mmol/L.
6. as claimed in claim 5 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods is characterized in that the concentration expressed in percentage by weight of calcium chloride in step (2) the post-harvest fresh-keeping agent is 1%.
7. as claimed in claim 5 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods is characterized in that step (2) post-harvest fresh-keeping agent mesoboric acid concentration is 10mmol/L.
8. as claimed in claim 1 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods is characterized in that the heterocycle ureas basic element of cell division is according to Chinese invention patent application publication number CN1743313A preparation method prepared 4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide or halo-4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide.
9. as claimed in claim 8 three magnificent plum fruit preservation methods is characterized in that halo-4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide is 2-chloro-4-nitropyridine-nitrogen oxide.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521600A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-22 | 河北农业大学 | Method for prolonging storage period of Angeleno plum fruit |
| CN104996553A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-28 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Prunus salicina storage and preservation method |
| CN105010518A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-04 | 庞锦浩 | Sanhua plum preservation technology |
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| CN1669448A (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2005-09-21 | 农庆平 | Fruit fresh keeping agent |
| CN101053340A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-17 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Making method for plums preserving agent |
| CN101773159A (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2010-07-14 | 华南农业大学 | Sanhua plum fruit storing and fresh keeping method |
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2012
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Patent Citations (4)
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| US5516539A (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-05-14 | University Of Maryland, College Park | Method for shipment and ripening of peaches, nectarines & plums |
| CN1669448A (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2005-09-21 | 农庆平 | Fruit fresh keeping agent |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521600A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-22 | 河北农业大学 | Method for prolonging storage period of Angeleno plum fruit |
| CN104996553A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-28 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Prunus salicina storage and preservation method |
| CN105010518A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-04 | 庞锦浩 | Sanhua plum preservation technology |
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