CN102548034A - Wireless automatic-energy-concentration corrosion monitoring sensor network for heavy and large reinforced concrete structure - Google Patents
Wireless automatic-energy-concentration corrosion monitoring sensor network for heavy and large reinforced concrete structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wireless automatic-energy-concentration corrosion monitoring sensor network for a heavy and large reinforced concrete structure is characterized in that wireless automatic-energy-concentration sensor nodes embedded into a corrosion control circuit are used for sensing electrochemical corrosion information; in the corrosion monitoring sensor network, a plurality of MicaZ nodes or other wireless sensor nodes are connected into the reinforced concrete structure and form a self-organized wireless communication network through wireless links; and relations of nodes and neighbor nodes are set up based on the broadcast technology, and then a sensor network routing protocol is designed by using an Xserve frame and used for data transmission. The network has the advantage that multipoint and distributed monitoring of a heavy and large engineering structure can be realized, the durability state of the structure can be mastered in real time, and the network provides scientific a basis for safety assessment of the structure, proposal of rationalized corrosion control measures and maintenance and reinforcement schemes, total-service-life design and the like, and provides critical data for a corrosion monitoring system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless monitor network, what be specifically related to is that a kind of great steel and concrete structure is with wireless self-energy accumulation corrosion monitoring sensor network.
Background technology
The research in past shows that reinforcement corrosion is to cause one of steel and concrete structure damage and failure reasons; The whole world has dropped into a large amount of expenses to the maintenance and repair and the replacing member of corrosion structure, and the monitoring of reinforcement corrosion is the important component part of monitoring structural health conditions and life-cycle design in civil engineering.Along with steel and concrete structure reinforcement corrosion problem causes global extensive concern; Both at home and abroad to the material under the coupling corrosiveness, member to the performance of knot carried out in a large number, systematic research, the database of preciousness between etch state and material, member and the structural behaviour has been set up in these researchs.The monitoring corrosion of steel system is in case successfully make up; To between structure erosion state and structure military service performance, set up " bridge "; Grasp the durability of structures state in real time, and finally scientific basis is provided for the evaluation of structure military service fail safe, the proposition that rationalizes corrosion control measure and maintenance and reinforcement scheme and life-cycle design etc.Carrying out of steel and concrete structure monitoring corrosion of steel system research work is imperative, and this work has remarkable economic efficiency and potential, important social benefit.
Under the concrete environment, because concrete porousness, moisture and oxygen can be along hole and crackle migrations, and this is the necessary condition of corrosions of steel such as mild steel and high strength alloy steel just.It is in these holes because the hydration process of cement has formed the hydroxide of calcium, sodium and the potassium of high concentration that reason for corrosion does not take place under most of situations; Thereby kept pH value between 12-13; This high basicity environment is the steel passivation, forms the quick corrosion that fine and close γ type iron oxide has prevented steel.Yet work as Cl
-(from deicer salts or seawater) assembled or because CO at rebar surface through concrete surface
2The effect of (from atmosphere, also being one of key factor that causes global warming) makes under the situation of hole solution pH value reduction, and passivating film is destroyed, and concrete lost efficacy to the protective effect of reinforcing bar, at O
2And H
2Reinforcing steel area reduces or occurs losing point under the sufficient situation of O.
The corrosion process of most in the civil engineering (except the reaction of part high-temperature oxydation) steel all is an electrochemical process, so electrochemical method becomes the most essential method of corrosion of steel in the monitoring of structures.Researcher both domestic and external in the last few years adopts electrochemical method that the corrosion science problem has been carried out a large amount of research; Research through stable state and transient state electrochemical method; Not only can obtain such as corrosion electric current density, the such basic parameter of corrosion rate; Can also learn the more detailed information that discloses the corrosion electrochemistry process, like generating process of polarization resistance, electric double layer capacitance, diffusion process, spot corrosion or the like.The measurement of these parameters can provide foundation more reliably for corrosion monitoring.
Carry out research in large quantities to the material under the coupling corrosiveness, member to the performance of structure both at home and abroad, set up database valuable between etch state and material, member and the structural behaviour.In case successfully make up the monitoring corrosion of steel system; To between structure erosion state and structure military service performance, set up " bridge "; Can grasp the durability of structures state in real time, and finally scientific basis is provided for the evaluation of structure military service fail safe, the proposition that rationalizes corrosion control measure and maintenance and reinforcement scheme and life-cycle design etc.Therefore, carrying out of monitoring corrosion of steel research work is imperative, and this work has remarkable economic efficiency and potential, important social benefit.
Recent decades in past, based on electrochemical principle the corrosion of metal problem has been carried out in a large number, in depth studied both at home and abroad.Be not difficult to find that these researchs mainly concentrate under the laboratory conditions that the reaction of steel reinforced concrete system corrosion electrochemistry has determined research in the past also to have big distance to realizing extensive steel and concrete structure monitoring corrosion of steel with the particularity of steel and concrete structure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and be used for great steel and concrete structure wireless self-energy accumulation corrosion monitoring sensor network system.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: adopt to embed the wireless of corrosion control circuit from the energy collecting sensor node; Perception corrosion electrochemistry information; And then in corrosion monitoring sensing net; Adopt MicaZ node or other wireless sensor node to connect and be arranged in steel and concrete structure inside; A plurality of MicaZ nodes or other wireless sensor node are set up node neighbor node relation through the cordless communication network of Radio Link formation self-organizing based on the technology of broadcasting, use Xserve Frame Design sensing network to carry out transfer of data by agreement then.
Specific as follows:
(1) structure of the wireless sensor node of embedding corrosion control circuit
Adopt and embed the wireless of corrosion control circuit from the energy collecting sensor node; Perception corrosion electrochemistry information; And then in corrosion monitoring sensing net; Adopt MicaZ node or other wireless sensor node to connect and be arranged in steel and concrete structure inside, the MicaZ transducer is made up of power supply, corrosion sensing head, flush bonding processor, memory, communication component and software, and power supply is that transducer provides operate as normal the necessary energy; The corrosion sensing head is used for perception, obtains extraneous information, and is converted into digital signal; Flush bonding processor is responsible for the work of coordinator node each several part, carries out necessary processing, preservation like the information that awareness tool is obtained, the mode of operation of control corrosion sensing head and power supply etc.; Communication component is responsible for and the communicating by letter of other transducers or observer; Software then provides necessary software support for transducer, like embedded OS, embedded type database system;
(2) sensor network software architecture
In the corrosion monitoring sensing network, the corrosion sensing head of MicaZ node is arranged in reinforced concrete structure inside, and a plurality of MicaZ nodes constitute the cordless communication network of a self-organizing through Radio Link; Wherein, each node image data also sends to the base station, and the base station is server or portable mobile equipment; Sensor network, base station have constituted first, second layer of whole three-layer network architecture respectively, for fairly large practical application, also need the 3rd layer; It is application layer; Accomplish the flexible visit of user, achieve this end, make the base station insert Internet sensing netting index certificate; Then, realize that through router or switch the terminal use visits perception data;
(3) network topology is set up
The purpose of setting up the topology of network is all potential wireless communication links that can be used for transmitting data in definite network, and network topology is the basis in the design of sensing network data transmission protocol.The MicaZ node has used the CC2420 radio frequency chip, and this chip has the channel listening functions, establishes all nodes and uses identical radio communication radius; At first, node A starts wireless radio frequency circuit, gets into and intercepts state, if near the beacon signal that certain Node B is sent receiving and resolving just explains that B and A all are within the other side's the communication range, that is, A and B be neighbor node each other; Then, A returns an ACK message and gives the B node, and like this, B has confirmed that also A is its neighbors; If A such as 2 seconds (can be provided with according to the density of concrete network), does not also receive the signal of neighbor node after getting into and intercepting a period of time, it just sends beacon signal so; If a node does not continue to receive beacon signal in for a long time, then think the foundation that network topology is successful;
After network topology was set up, each node had known all which the neighbors of oneself has, if this node can not directly send to the base station to data, so, these neighborss all possibly become potential forward node; D can one jumps to and reaches the base station and promptly directly send data to the base station; And the communication radius of C can not coverage base station; But it can transmit its data through D, and communication mode of multi-hop allows node to carry out transfer of data with a less communication radius in this, has therefore greatly saved node energy consumption; After setting up network topology, carry out stratification, that is, be that each node distributes a level number network: the level number of base station be 1, one jump the node that can arrive the base station level number be 2, by that analogy; The purpose of network topology stratification is to distinguish the distance of each nodal distance base station; Be what of jumping figure, in general, the node that level number is big more; The transfer number of times that its data arrives base station needs is many more, and the little node of level number can be used as forward node and comes interim data; At first, own level number 1 is sent in the base station; General, if node A receives the level number h that B sends, A is h and self present level number h so
0Compare, if h＜h
0+ 1, explain that A selects the B can be faster as next jumping, promptly arrive the base station with still less jumping figure, therefore, A selects B as next-hop node, simultaneously the level number h of self
0Be updated to h+1, broadcast h simultaneously
0If over time, a node no longer continues to receive any level number, it thinks the network layer end so; Be a Bellman iterative process in essence, for the decision process of a node level number, its level number expression formula is:
h
0＝min{h
0，h+1}
Prove that easily for any node A, its arrives on the path of base station, the jumping figure that any forward node B arrives the base station all is minimum for B;
After the network layer completion, each node has all been safeguarded a next-hop node, therefore, concerning any node, has safeguarded that all the minimum bar of an arrival base station is counted the path; But under the actual conditions, wireless communication link is unsettled, and changes in time, can not always transmit data reliably, therefore, needs to select flexibly, dynamically next-hop node; If a node A has m next-hop node; The jumping figure that they make A arrive the base station is h, and A comes from this m node, to select dynamically next jumping according to link reliability so, in case a node is received data; Just can calculate the error rate in this transmission of data packets according to BER (the bit error rate) computing function that CC2420 provides; And can estimate current channel reliability with this BER value, and then, select the most reliable next-hop node to transmit data; Certainly, after a node receives data, also to return to ACK message of sending node, be used for feeding back to the communication quality of the current channel of sending node, be used for confirming the successful reception of this packet simultaneously; In fact; ACK message also may not be sent out node and correctly receive; Though ACK message itself is small-sized, therefore, the retransmission mechanism that we introduce: for sending node; If (that adopt in the prototype system is 100ms) can not be received the ACK feedback of receiving node in a period of time, then resend these data.In general, be p if the link communication quality is (error rate), so on average need 1/p-1 re-transmission, what data can be correct is received, if but the maximum number of retransmissions is set to k, and the k time interior probability of successful that retransmits is so: ∑ p (1-p)
I-1(1≤i≤k); In practical application,, can realize through the placement density that improves node in order to improve data transmission credibility.
The present invention can realize Important Project structure multiple spot, distributed monitoring; Grasp the durability of structures state in real time; And, be the critical data that provides of corrosion monitoring system finally for the evaluation of structure military service fail safe, the proposition that rationalizes corrosion control measure and maintenance and reinforcement scheme and life-cycle design etc. provide scientific basis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 sensor network software architectures;
Fig. 2 network topology is set up (neighbours' discovery) algorithm (left side: find neighbors; Right: the network topology stratification);
Fig. 3 data routing algorithm;
Fig. 4 neighbors is converted into the forward node sketch map.
Embodiment
For example the present invention is done more detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
1. embed the wireless structure of corrosion control circuit from the energy collecting sensor node
Adopt and embed the wireless of corrosion control circuit from the energy collecting sensor node; Perception corrosion electrochemistry information; And then in corrosion monitoring sensing net; Adopt MicaZ node or other wireless sensor node to connect and be arranged in steel and concrete structure inside, the MicaZ transducer is made up of power supply, corrosion sensing head, flush bonding processor, memory, communication component and software, and power supply is that transducer provides operate as normal the necessary energy; The corrosion sensing head is used for perception, obtains extraneous information, and is converted into digital signal; Flush bonding processor is responsible for the work of coordinator node each several part, carries out necessary processing, preservation like the information that awareness tool is obtained, the mode of operation of control corrosion sensing head and power supply etc.; Communication component is responsible for and the communicating by letter of other transducers or observer; Software then provides necessary software support for transducer, like embedded OS, embedded type database system;
2. sensor network software architecture
In corrosion monitoring sensing net, the corrosion sensing head that the MicaZ node connects is arranged in reinforced concrete structure inside, and a plurality of MicaZ nodes are through the cordless communication network of a self-organizing of Radio Link formation, and wherein, each node image data also sends to the base station.The base station can be the high-performance server with higher computational power and storage capacity, also can be portable mobile equipment.In existing prototype system, used to connect the base station of the notebook computer of Internet as receipt data.Network architecture such as Fig. 1 of corrosion monitoring sensing net show.To find out, sensor network, base station have constituted first, second layer of whole three-layer network architecture respectively, for fairly large practical application by Fig. 1; Also need the 3rd layer, promptly application layer is accomplished the flexible visit of user to sensing netting index certificate; Achieve this end; Can make the base station insert Internet, then, realize that through router or switch terminal use's (PC, handheld device etc.) visits perception data.
3. network topology is set up (neighbours' discovery) algorithm
The purpose of setting up the topology of network is all potential wireless communication links that can be used for transmitting data in definite network, and network topology is the basis in the design of sensing network data transmission protocol.The MicaZ node has used the CC2420 radio frequency chip, and this chip has the channel listening functions, that is, and and near the CC2420 wireless signal can discerning.Therefore, utilize the intrinsic function of this MicaZ, realize the foundation of network topology easily.The flow chart on Fig. 2 limit has provided a distributed implementation procedure setting up network topology.Here suppose that all nodes use identical radio communication radius.At first, node A starts wireless radio frequency circuit, gets into and intercepts state, if near the beacon signal that certain Node B is sent receiving and resolving just explains that B and A all are within the other side's the communication range, that is, A and B be neighbor node each other; Then, A returns an ACK message and gives the B node, and like this, B has confirmed that also A is its neighbors.If A such as 2 seconds (can be provided with according to the density of concrete network), does not also receive the signal of neighbor node after getting into and intercepting a period of time, it just sends beacon signal so.If a node does not continue to receive beacon signal in for a long time; Then think the foundation that network topology is successful; The process on Fig. 2 limit is exported a network diagram structure that is similar to Fig. 1 perception, transport layer, wherein in view of macroscopic view; Point expression sensor node, the Radio Link of transfer of data is represented to carry out in the limit.
After network topology was set up, each node had known all which the neighbors of oneself has, if this node can not directly send to the base station to data, so, these neighborss all possibly become potential forward node.For example; At Fig. 3; D can one jumps to and reaches base station (directly sending data to the base station), and the communication radius of C can not coverage base station, but it can transmit its data through D; Communication mode of multi-hop allows node to carry out transfer of data with a less communication radius in this, has therefore greatly saved node energy consumption.After setting up network topology, carry out stratification, that is, be that each node distributes a level number network: the level number of base station be 1, one jump the node that can arrive the base station level number be 2, by that analogy.The purpose of network topology stratification is to distinguish the distance of each nodal distance base station (jumping figure what); In general; The node that level number is big more, the transfer number of times that its data arrives base station needs is many more, and the little node of level number can be used as forward node and comes interim data.The flow chart on Fig. 2 limit has provided the distributed implementation that general node is participated in network layerization.At first, own level number 1 is sent in the base station.General, if node A receives the level number h that B sends, A is h and self present level number h so
0Compare, if h＜h
0+ 1, explain A select B as next jumping faster (with jumping figure still less) arrive the base station, therefore, A selects B as next-hop node, simultaneously the level number h of self
0Be updated to h+1, broadcast h simultaneously
0If over time, a node no longer continues to receive any level number, it thinks the network layer end so.Can find out that the stratification algorithm of Fig. 2 figure is a Bellman iterative process in essence.For the decision process of a node level number, its level number expression formula is:
h
0＝min{h
0，h+1}
Prove that easily for any node A, its arrives on the path of base station, the jumping figure that any forward node B arrives the base station all is minimum for B.Face Fig. 4 process and relative theory down and carry out detailed elaboration.
After the network layer completion, each node has all been safeguarded a next-hop node, therefore, concerning any node, has safeguarded that all the minimum bar of an arrival base station is counted the path.But under the actual conditions, wireless communication link is unsettled, and changes in time, can not always transmit data reliably, therefore, needs to select flexibly, dynamically next-hop node.If a node A has m next-hop node, the jumping figure that they make A arrive the base station is h, and A comes from this m node, to select dynamically next jumping according to link reliability so.Show like Fig. 4; In case a node is received data; Just can calculate the error rate in this transmission of data packets according to BER (the bit error rate) computing function that CC2420 provides; And can estimate current channel reliability with this BER value, and then, select the most reliable next-hop node to transmit data.Certainly, after a node receives data, also to return to ACK message of sending node, be used for feeding back to the communication quality of the current channel of sending node, be used for confirming the successful reception of this packet simultaneously.In fact, ACK message also may not be sent out node and correctly receive, though ACK message itself is small-sized.Therefore, the retransmission mechanism that we introduce: for sending node, if (that adopt in the prototype system is 100ms) can not receive that the ACK of receiving node feeds back, and then resends these data in a period of time.In general, be p if the link communication quality is (error rate), so on average need 1/p-1 re-transmission, what data can be correct is received.If but the maximum number of retransmissions is set to k, the k time interior probability of successful that retransmits is so: ∑ p (1-p)
I-1(1≤i≤k).In practical application,, can realize through the placement density that improves node in order to improve data transmission credibility.
Claims (1)
1. a great steel and concrete structure is characterized in that with wireless self-energy accumulation corrosion monitoring sensor network:
(1) structure of the wireless sensor node of embedding corrosion control circuit
Adopt and embed the wireless of corrosion control circuit from the energy collecting sensor node; Perception corrosion electrochemistry information; And then in corrosion monitoring sensing net; Adopt MicaZ node or other wireless sensor node to connect and be arranged in steel and concrete structure inside, the MicaZ transducer is made up of power supply, corrosion sensing head, flush bonding processor, memory, communication component and software, and power supply is that transducer provides operate as normal the necessary energy; The corrosion sensing head is used for perception, obtains extraneous information, and is converted into digital signal; Flush bonding processor is responsible for the work of coordinator node each several part, carries out necessary processing, preservation like the information that awareness tool is obtained, the mode of operation of control corrosion sensing head and power supply; Communication component is responsible for and the communicating by letter of other transducers or observer; Software then provides necessary software support for transducer, like embedded OS, embedded type database system;
(2) sensor network software architecture
In the corrosion monitoring sensing network, the corrosion sensing head of MicaZ node is arranged in reinforced concrete structure inside, and a plurality of MicaZ nodes constitute the cordless communication network of a self-organizing through Radio Link; Wherein, each node image data also sends to the base station, and the base station is server or portable mobile equipment; Sensor network, base station have constituted first, second layer of whole three-layer network architecture respectively, for fairly large practical application, also need the 3rd layer; It is application layer; Accomplish the flexible visit of user, achieve this end, make the base station insert Internet sensing netting index certificate; Then, realize that through router or switch the terminal use visits perception data;
(3) network topology is set up
The purpose of setting up the topology of network is all potential wireless communication links that can be used for transmitting data in definite network, and network topology is the basis in the design of sensing network data transmission protocol.The MicaZ node has used the CC2420 radio frequency chip, and this chip has the channel listening functions, establishes all nodes and uses identical radio communication radius; At first, node A starts wireless radio frequency circuit, gets into and intercepts state, if near the beacon signal that certain Node B is sent receiving and resolving just explains that B and A all are within the other side's the communication range, that is, A and B be neighbor node each other; Then, A returns an ACK message and gives the B node, and like this, B has confirmed that also A is its neighbors; If A such as 2 seconds (can be provided with according to the density of concrete network), does not also receive the signal of neighbor node after getting into and intercepting a period of time, it just sends beacon signal so; If a node does not continue to receive beacon signal in for a long time, then think the foundation that network topology is successful;
After network topology was set up, each node had known all which the neighbors of oneself has, if this node can not directly send to the base station to data, so, these neighborss all possibly become potential forward node; D can one jumps to and reaches the base station and promptly directly send data to the base station; And the communication radius of C can not coverage base station; But it can transmit its data through D, and communication mode of multi-hop allows node to carry out transfer of data with a less communication radius in this, has therefore greatly saved node energy consumption; After setting up network topology, carry out stratification, that is, be that each node distributes a level number network: the level number of base station be 1, one jump the node that can arrive the base station level number be 2, by that analogy; The purpose of network topology stratification is to distinguish the distance of each nodal distance base station; Be what of jumping figure, in general, the node that level number is big more; The transfer number of times that its data arrives base station needs is many more, and the little node of level number can be used as forward node and comes interim data; At first, own level number 1 is sent in the base station; General, if node A receives the level number h that B sends, A is h and self present level number h so
0Compare, if h＜h
0+ 1, explain that A selects the B can be faster as next jumping, promptly arrive the base station with still less jumping figure, therefore, A selects B as next-hop node, simultaneously the level number h of self
0Be updated to h+1, broadcast h simultaneously
0If over time, a node no longer continues to receive any level number, it thinks the network layer end so; Be a Bellman iterative process in essence, for the decision process of a node level number, its level number expression formula is:
h
0＝min{h
0，h+1}
Prove that easily for any node A, its arrives on the path of base station, the jumping figure that any forward node B arrives the base station all is minimum for B;
After the network layer completion, each node has all been safeguarded a next-hop node, therefore, concerning any node, has safeguarded that all the minimum bar of an arrival base station is counted the path; If a node A has m next-hop node; The jumping figure that they make A arrive the base station is h, and A comes from this m node, to select dynamically next jumping according to link reliability so, in case a node is received data; Just can calculate the error rate in this transmission of data packets according to the BER computing function that CC2420 provides; And can estimate current channel reliability with this BER value, and then, select the most reliable next-hop node to transmit data; Certainly, after a node receives data, also to return to ACK message of sending node, be used for feeding back to the communication quality of the current channel of sending node, be used for confirming the successful reception of this packet simultaneously; In fact, ACK message also may not be sent out node and correctly receive, though ACK message itself is small-sized; Therefore; The retransmission mechanism that we introduce:,, then resend these data if in a period of time, can not receive the ACK feedback of receiving node for sending node.In general, be p if the link communication quality is (error rate), so on average need 1/p-1 re-transmission, what data can be correct is received, if but the maximum number of retransmissions is set to k, and the k time interior probability of successful that retransmits is so: ∑ p (1-p)
I-1(1≤i≤k); In practical application,, can realize through the placement density that improves node in order to improve data transmission credibility.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN103697938A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-04-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Wireless sensor node capable of collecting reinforcement corrosion energy |
| CN104729985A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 淮阴师范学院 | WSN-based remote wireless monitoring system for concrete reinforcement corrosion degree |
| CN109804581A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2019-05-24 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Communication for coordination |
| CN110849797A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-28 | 国网浙江平湖市供电有限公司 | Atmospheric corrosion monitoring system |
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| CN104729985A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 淮阴师范学院 | WSN-based remote wireless monitoring system for concrete reinforcement corrosion degree |
| CN109804581A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2019-05-24 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Communication for coordination |
| CN110849797A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-28 | 国网浙江平湖市供电有限公司 | Atmospheric corrosion monitoring system |
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