CN102544736A - 具有小反射面的螺旋天线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种具有小反射面的螺旋天线,用来提高螺旋天线增益,增大发射器发射覆盖范围,满足TPMS系统远距离通讯要求。为此,螺旋天线包括本体和反射面。本体是由金属线或金属管绕制成的螺旋形结构,该本体是法向模式的螺旋天线。反射面设于本体下方,且与本体馈电点负极或地线相连。该反射面满足:A-x≤(D0-D)/2≤A,其中D为该本体的螺旋直径,D0为该反射面的直径,A和x为一常数,且0<x<A≤0.01λ,λ为发射器的发射信号在自由空间的波长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于卡车或大体积车辆轮胎压力检测系统(TPMS系统)中的发射器,尤其是涉及用于这种发射器的带有小反射面的螺旋天线。
背景技术
轮胎压力检测系统(TPMS)主要用于汽车轮胎压力和温度的检测,对由轮胎的压力和温度可能造成的危险进行预警,确保行车安全,并减少因气压不足造成轮胎加速磨损和能耗增加的系统。TPMS系统是通过RF无线通讯。由于电磁环境对场强的严格限制,使发射模块中的理论发射功率值不断降低。并且随着车辆体积的增大,使得系统对RF通讯的要求也越来越高,既要通讯距离远,还要保证通讯可靠性。由于RF芯片(包括发射、接收)的技术改进程度有限,而且现在的卡车或大体积车辆的轮辋和轮胎对信号的衰减比一般车辆的衰减大很多,所以对天线的要求就提高了。目前应用在TPMS系统发射器中的天线方案有以下几种:
(1)环形天线:该天线是一种结构简单,价格便宜,形式多样(如矩形、正方形、三角形、圆形及椭圆形等等)。这种天线结构简单,其不足之处是周长比波长小得多的小环天线的辐射电阻比它的损耗电阻小,造成小环天线的辐射效率很低,也使得小环天线的增益低,不适合做较远距离通讯发射器的发射天线。
(2)螺旋天线:该天线是用金属线(或管)绕制成螺旋形结构的行波天线,因而螺旋天线具有多方面的宽频带、体积小、重量轻、圆极化特性好等优点。螺旋天线的不足处是在小尺寸的要求下其增益仍然不能卡车或大体积车辆TPMS系统的通讯距离要求。
(3)单极天线:该天线是很有实际意义的天线,它是对称振子的一半,其振子上的电流和电荷分布与相应对称振子上臂相同。但是,单极天线的输入阻抗是相应对称振子的一半,方向系数是相应对称振子的两倍,增益略低。而且,天线几何长度很长,在进行安装时会被轮胎卡住甚至于卡断,还有车在高速行驶使天线会随机振动,影响信号传输。当缩短天线长度时,会造成:a、辐射电阻小于损耗电阻,使天线的效率很低,一般只有百分之几;b、天线输入电阻小,电抗大,天线的Q值很高,工作频带很窄。现在应用最广泛的的四分之一波长单极天线。
(4)片状天线:该天线是采用片状金属作为天线辐射体,属于电小天线,其小结构正好符合TPMS系统发射器小结构的要求,然而它同上述天线一样,没有较好的增益,应用于乘用车是可以的,但是对卡车或大体积车辆就不能满足要求了。
鉴于目前的天线方案没有满足卡车或大体积车辆TPMS系统发射器发射天线的要求,期望有一种改进的天线来满足这一要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种具有小反射面的螺旋天线,其在现有螺旋天线方案的基础上增加小反射面技术,来提高螺旋天线增益,增大发射器发射覆盖范围,满足TPMS系统远距离通讯要求。
本发明所提出的一种具有小反射面的螺旋天线,可应用于一发射器,该螺旋天线包括本体和反射面。本体是由金属线或金属管绕制成的螺旋形结构,该本体是法向模式的螺旋天线。反射面设于该本体下方,且与本体馈电点负极或地线相连,该反射面满足:A-x≤(D0-D)/2≤A,其中D为该本体的螺旋直径,D0为该反射面的直径,A和x为一常数,且0<x<A≤0.01λ,λ为发射器的发射信号在自由空间的波长。由此限定的反射面为小反射面。
在上述的螺旋天线中,该反射面垂直于该本体的螺旋轴线。
在上述的螺旋天线中,该反射面与该本体的距离H满足:B-y≤H≤B,B和y为一常数,且0<y<B≤0.01λ。
在上述的螺旋天线中,该本体的绕线线径d远远小于λ。该本体的螺旋直径D≤0.18λ。
在上述的螺旋天线中,该反射面的材质为金属。
本发明由于在螺旋天线中增加了小反射面,可以提高螺旋天线增益,从而增大发射器发射覆盖范围,满足了TPMS系统远距离通讯要求。
附图说明
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明,其中:
图1示出常规螺旋天线的结构图。
图2(a)-2(c)示出螺旋天线不同波长/直径比的辐射图。
图3(a)-3(c)示出本发明一实施例的螺旋天线示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例,为了提高天线增益,满足卡车或大体积车辆TPMS系统远距离通讯要求,在现有螺旋天线技术基础上,将小反射面技术应用到TPMS系统发射器发射天线方案中。
众所周知,大反射面(有效直径大约等于一个波长)可以改变输入阻抗、天线方向图,以及提高天线增益。然而在轮胎压力检测系统(TPMS)系统中,这种大反射面技术却很难被应用。主要原因是:TPMS系统目前使用的频率是434MHz或者315MHz,其波长分别为λ(434MHz)=691mm、λ(315MHz)=952.4mm。而TPMS系统要求发射器体积小、重量轻,没有较大的空间来实现。
螺旋天线的几何特性可以用螺旋直径D、螺距S、圈数n、螺旋导线直径d等结构参数描述。然而螺旋天线的辐射特性只和螺旋直径D与波长λ的比值相关:
(1)当D/λ≤0.18时,最大辐射方向在与螺旋轴线相垂直的平面内,称为法向模式,此时天线称为法向模式天线,如辐射图2(a);
(2)当D/λ≈0.25~0.46时,即螺旋天线一圈的长度等于一个波长左右的时,天线的辐射方向在天线的轴线方向,此时天线称为轴向模式天线,如辐射图2(b);
(3)当D/λ>0.46时,天线最大辐射方向偏离轴线分裂为两个方向,方向图成圆锥形状如辐射图2(c)。
为了满足TPMS系统发射器体积小,重量轻的要求,螺旋天线采用法向模式。本发明的实施例是在法向螺旋天线方案的基础上,应用小反射面。图3(a)-3(c)示出本发明一实施例的螺旋天线示意图。其中,图3(a)为立体图,图3(b)为正视图。图3(c)为俯视图。参照图3(a)-3(c),螺旋天线10具有本体11和反射面12。本体11是由金属线(或金属管)绕制成的螺旋形结构,螺旋天线是如图2(a)所示的法向模式,也就是说螺旋直径D满足D/λ≤0.18。λ为发射器信号在自由空间的波长。
在本体11的下方,设有反射面12,反射面12与本体11馈电点负极或地线相连接。反射面12垂直于本体11的螺旋轴线,它与本体11的距离是H。在此,假设反射面的直径为D0。
在一实施例中,小反射面直径D0满足:A-x≤(D0-D)/2≤A。A和x为一常数,且0<x<A≤0.01λ。
并且,距离H满足:B-y≤H≤B,B和y为一常数,且0<y<B≤0.01λ,λ为发射器信号在自由空间的波长。
在一实施例中,反射面的材质为金属。
进一步地,在一实施例中,发射器的工作频率为434MHz(波长为691mm),取螺旋天线的螺旋直径D=20mm。取螺旋天线绕线线径d=1.5mm。另外,取A=B=5mm,x=y=3mm,小反射面直径D0满足:2mm≤(D0-D)/2≤5mm。小反射面与螺旋天线的距离H满足:2mm≤H≤5mm。
在上述技术条件下,小反射面可以提高螺旋天线增益。通过软件理论计算得到,小反射面使螺旋天线增益提高1.28dB。在实际应用时测得增益提高2.1dB。
本发明在TPMS系统发射器有限的空间条件下,利用小反射面提高螺旋天线增益,使其应用于卡车或大体积车辆,并让天线实现内置,降低外置天线的各种失效,提高了TPMS系统发射器的可靠性。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有小反射面的螺旋天线,应用于一发射器,该螺旋天线包括:
本体,其是由金属线或金属管绕制成的螺旋形结构,该本体是法向模式的螺旋天线;以及
反射面,设于该本体下方,且与本体馈电点负极或地线相连,该反射面满足:
A-x≤(D0-D)/2≤A;
其中D为该本体的螺旋直径,D0为该反射面的直径,A和x为一常数,且0<x<A≤0.01λ,λ为发射器的发射信号在自由空间的波长。
2.如权利要求1所述的螺旋天线,其特征在于,该反射面垂直于该本体的螺旋轴线。
3.如权利要求1所述的螺旋天线,其特征在于,该反射面与该本体的距离H满足:B-y≤H≤B,B和y为一常数,且0<y<B≤0.01λ。
4.如权利要求1所述的螺旋天线,其特征在于,该反射面的材质为金属。
5.如权利要求1所述的螺旋天线,其特征在于,该本体的螺旋直径D≤0.18λ。
6.如权利要求1所述的螺旋天线,其特征在于,该发射器为轮胎压力监测系统的发射器。
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