CN102542120A - Method for designing energy-saving type circulating cooling water system - Google Patents
Method for designing energy-saving type circulating cooling water system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of circulating cooling water energy saving, and more particularly relates to a method for designing an energy-saving type circulating cooling water system. The method comprises the following steps of: drawing a circulating cooling water system and heat exchange network flow chart, acquiring technical parameters and heat load values of each heat exchange equipment, determining operation working conditions and environmental parameters of collecting points, and carrying out collection; judging reasonability of the heat exchange equipment or a heat exchange network layout, and acquiring a minimal heat exchange amount through calculation; analyzing, judging and determining high energy consumption reasons simultaneously; through optimization as well as diagnosis and analysis of high energy consumption reasons, judging reasonability of a water distribution pipe network layout, and acquiring pipeline characteristics of each branched loop and partial resistance-abnormal nodes; and calculating and designing water pump impellers by adopting a three dimensional flow technology method. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of reasonable route design, good computability and scientificity of design parameters, accurate data, high operation heat efficiency, high economical value, good social benefits and capability of saving expenses and energy cost.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the recirculated cooling water field of energy-saving technology, relate to a kind of through the energy-conservation technical scheme of optimal design realization recirculating cooling water system, particularly a kind of method for designing of energy-saving type recirculating cooling water system.
Background technology:
At present; Recirculating cooling water system generally uses in industry and daily life; The power consumption of these systems, particularly consuming electric power is bigger, and existing recirculating cooling water system is exchange and the transmission that medium is mainly used in the cold or heat of technological process with water; In fields such as Ferrous Metallurgy, petroleum and petrochemical industry, chemical industry, biochemical pharmacy, thermoelectricity, machinery, building materials, central heating, central air conditioner, basic link is absolutely necessary.Recirculating cooling water system is power source with the water pump generally, and its power consumption is bigger, accounts for about 16% of social total electricity consumption usually.At present in this technical field, the emulate the advanced water pump unit efficient of country and technology of China is low more than 5%, and running efficiency of system is low more than 20%.Through to detected 1000 surplus the cover air conditioner heating system, the energy conservation potential analysis of cover industrial cooling circulating water system surplus in the of 950, and successful implementation 700 surplus the power savings of cover system add up, power saving rate is all very high, from 20% to 85% does not wait.Simultaneously also have a large amount of documents and materials that recirculated water high energy consumption phenomenon is discussed, more than these data show, recirculating cooling water system ubiquity high energy consumption phenomenon, energy-saving potential is very big.The reason that causes the recirculating cooling water system high energy consumption has a lot of aspects, regulates or the like such as layout, product quality, project installation quality, operational management and the load variations of the quoting of design specifications, choosing design parameters, pipe network and heat-exchanger rig.Carry out energy-conservationly from system level, regard technological process, cold and hot public work as a system and design and optimize, rather than each unit in the production run is treated respectively independently.Rationally to utilize energy is target, together considers technological process, heat exchanger network and public work, analyzes the comprehensive utilization energy from the energy relation of the supply of system of global process.Because the demand of steam and chilled water reduces, and has also reduced discharge of wastewater.Therefore, recirculating cooling water system is energy-conservation more and more obvious with the effect of increasing the benefit to reducing investment cost.End is got up, and existing recirculating cooling water system is analyzed from energy-conservation angle, and ubiquity complex structural designs, and operation logic is simple, and control performance is poor, and construction costs is high, and operating cost is high, and power consumption is big, and cycle efficieny is low.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists; Seek to design and provide a kind of and can rationally solve circulation high energy consumption problem from the overall process angle of cooling water system; Reduce the circulation energy saving optimizing technical method of recirculated water consumption, calculate the method for designing of confirming a kind of energy-saving type recirculating cooling water system through optimal design and science.
To achieve these goals, body design step of the present invention comprises:
(1) draws recirculating cooling water system and heat exchanger network process flow diagram; Gather each heat transmission equipment technical parameter and thermic load value; Confirm operating condition and the environmental parameter of collection point and gather, respectively the heat transmission equipment of recirculating cooling water system or the operational factor of pressure, flow, temperature duty parameter and each number of pumping plant position water pump of confession backwater operation that contains each link of cooling tower, duplexure and unit area are demarcated;
(2) select the folder point methods of process system engineering for use, by the numerical analysis of computer software, judge the rationality of heat transmission equipment or heat exchanger network layout, calculating obtains minimum heat, to reduce the demand of quantity of circulating water;
According to minimum driving force of heat transfer or minimum temperature difference value ▲ T
Min, cooling tower confirms the limit Inlet and outlet water temperature of each refrigeratory chilled water to requirement, corrosion and the fouling factor of water temperature, again according to limit out temperature and heat transfer capacity, on warm enthalpy diagram, makes the limit temperature enthalpy curve of each chilled water; Divide each warm area according to the limit out temperature of each refrigeratory chilled water then, the total heat transfer in each warm area is:
In the formula: Δ H is an enthalpy difference; CP is a heat-capacity flowrate; T is a temperature; J is the logistics number of i warm area;
Confirm the limit compound temperature enthalpy curve of system at last and calculate minimal circulation water curve of water supply;
(3) on the basis in (2) step; Confirm heat exchanger network pressure drop desired value; Change desired value and existing pump pressure are fallen restriction and are adapted; Investigating temperature, thermal load and the pressure drop of heat transmission equipment simultaneously, is the electricity charge, public work expense and heat interchanger expense through balance pressure drop expense or pump operated expense, calculates the heat exchanger network pressure drop apportioning cost of confirming optimization;
Wherein, the pressure drop calculation method of material when tube side is:
The pressure drop calculation method of material when shell side is:
Or:
In the formula: K is a constant; V is volume flow rate (m
3/ s); T is a year running time; Ce is an electricity charge unit price (unit/kWh); α, beta, gamma are the pump cost coefficient; H is a heat transfer coefficient; N is a number of shell passes, and COST1 is the pump electricity charge of total system; COST2 is the pump cost of investment of total system;
(4) demarcate through the heat exchanging equipment performance, analysis and judgement is also confirmed the high energy consumption reason; Its high energy consumption reason comprises: 1) heat recovery is insufficient, or the refrigeratory of heat exchanger network, well heater arrange unreasonablely, increases cooling water inflow; 2) the aging or fouling of local refrigeratory seriously causes heat exchanger efficiency low, forms bottleneck, increases pump discharge; 3) design, transform or extend unreasonable, cause the pepeline characteristic in each loop of pipe network to differ greatly, it is serious that pipe network waterpower is unbalance, increases the whole pressure head of pump discharge and lifting; 4) there be local the obstruction or interior leakage phenomenon in pipe network, increases energy consumption; 5) the serious dependence of pipe network is closed and is cut down adjusting, the pipe network operation inefficiency; 6) backwater potential energy fails to make full use of, and increases energy consumption; 7) the high site of return main vacuum degree control is unreasonable, forms serious flow-disturbing or partly-filled pipe-flow, increases energy consumption; 8) be in big flow, low temperature difference operation, increase energy consumption; 9) the cooling tower heat exchanger efficiency is low, increases pump discharge; 10) fail effectively to regulate the air quantity of blower fan according to load and variation of ambient temperature; 11) the own efficient performance deficiency of water pump (or using senile cause for a long time), pump efficiency is not high, and pump group operational efficiency is on the low side; 12) there is serious cavitation phenomenons in water pump, reduces operational efficiency; 13) pumping station optimization design and operational management all lack necessary power-saving technology means, cause operational mode unreasonable or fail effectively to regulate flow by load variations (or climate change), increase energy consumption;
(5) diagnosis and the analysis through above-mentioned heat exchange network optimization, high energy consumption reason; Judge the rationality of distribution system of water supply layout; Obtain the pepeline characteristic and the shock resistance abnormal nodes of each duplexure, analyze through optimizing simultaneously, as promote the means that regulating device and valve opening are regulated again through local unfavorable factor rectification, increase hydraulic equilibrium; Design improvement goes out lower resistance and flow equilibrium is regulated the good distribution system of water supply, and then the flow of the working point of definite water pump and lift parameter;
(6) according to flow, lift, efficient and device net positive suction head working point parameter after optimizing; Adopt ternary flow technology method calculation Design to go out water pump vane; Thereby personalized design customization high efficiency energy saving pump; Replace originally do not match, inefficient water pump, guarantee that the water pump of every cover circulation all is in efficient operation.
The present invention compared with prior art, its design route is reasonable, the calculation of design parameters science is good; Data are accurate, and operating thermal efficiency is high, save operating cost and cost of energy; Economic worth is high, and social benefit is good, can be widely used in improvement and design to existing recirculating cooling water system.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is operating cost and the minimum temperature difference ▲ T that the present invention relates to
MinThe corresponding relation curve synoptic diagram; Different minimum temperature difference ▲ T
Min, can cause the compound temperature enthalpy of different limit curve, and then obtain different minimum heat and quantity of circulating water; See from the expense angle, can produce different public work energy costs, pump expense, heat interchanger expense and total expenses, at circulation and heat exchanger network total expenses and minimum temperature difference ▲ T
MinRelation curve have a minimum point, be the optimal point of operation of the system reform here, obtain the optimum temperature difference through toning is excellent, be the optimum folder point temperature difference of heat exchanger network, i.e. the pressure drop restriction point of optimum; Wherein, heat interchanger cost curve a is according to different ▲ T
Min, calculate different heat exchange network area target and heat exchanger unit number, thereby ask for different heat exchange device cost, curve plotting according to this; Pump cost curve b is according to difference ▲ T
MinHeat exchanger network and the pipeline resistance confirmed calculate the different pump electricity charge and pump expense, curve plotting according to this; Public work cost curve c is according to different ▲ T
MinCalculate the cold and hot public work energy cost of different heat exchange network, according to this curve plotting; Total cost curve d is at different ▲ T
MinThe place forms for merging a, b, three curves of c; From Fig. 1, can find out; The flex point of total cost curve; When transforming recirculating cooling water system; Flex point is the system optimal folder point temperature difference that satisfies the minimum heat transfer temperature difference condition of system, makes this moment the expense of heat interchanger investment, public work energy cost and pumping system reach Optimum Matching, and the total expenses of total system is minimum.
Embodiment:
Below through specific embodiment and combine accompanying drawing to further specify technical scheme of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: choose 300,000 tons of synthetic ammonia installation recirculating cooling water systems and be optimized design.
The process cycles cooling water system project profile of present embodiment is: join 7 cooling-water pumps, wherein 2 to join power be 2240kW, 1 is joined power is 900kW, 4 are joined power is 1000kW, correspondingly joins 7 cooling towers.Operational mode is divided into two kinds of operational modes: general operational mode: 1 big (2240kW) cooling pump+3 little (1000kW) cooling pump+7 cooling tower+need cooling device (synthesis ammonia plant+power plant+Sodium Carbonate Plant); 9 months (* was 24 hours in 270 days) operation; Summer operation pattern: 1 big (2240kW) cooling pump+4 little (1000kW) cooling pump+7 cooling tower+need cooling device (synthesis ammonia plant+power plant+Sodium Carbonate Plant); Annual 7,8,9 three months (* was 24 hours in 90 days) operation; Earlier the technological process of production and circulation technological process, the specified technical parameter of each heat transmission equipment and thermic load value are explored; According to the technological process of production, the actual calorific value parameter to each productive unit logistics detects respectively; Respectively the confession backwater operating condition parameter (comprising pressure, flow, temperature, valve opening, geometric height) of each links such as circulation heat transmission equipment (containing cooling tower), duplexure, cellular zone is gathered; Utilize the pinch technology of process system engineering again, confirm the minimum heat and the minimal circulation water requirement of process units heat exchanger network, and confirm rational heat exchanger network pressure drop target; Through balance pressure drop expense (pump operated expense is the electricity charge), public work expense and heat interchanger expense, confirm that the heat exchanger network pressure drop of optimizing distributes then, confirm the optimum resistance of total pipe network; Demarcate through heat exchanging device performance then, diagnose out this system's high energy consumption reason, as the performance of the system-head curve of circulation and pump itself phase region do not join, show water pump and depart from operating mode operation etc.; Again to the model of the water pump arrangement form of pumping plant, operational mode, water pump and hydraulic performance, the model parameter of necessary electromotor, water pump static lift, pump sump height; The inlet and outlet pressure of operation water pump, raise and send flow, operate power, female pipe to supply conventional parameter such as pressure of return water to survey and draw or gather, and tower types of functionality property valve was imported and exported and gone up to pump model, aperture are carried out record; To former pumping plant performance evaluation, the hydraulic model design of optimum running parameter of high efficiency energy saving pump and impeller is confirmed in the pumping station optimization design at last; Change 7 high efficiency energy saving pumps through the system reform.
The recirculating cooling water system of present embodiment relates to 7 water pumps altogether, and independently metering system is housed, independent accumulated running time and power consumption.Operational mode is divided into two kinds: general operational mode: 1 big (2240kW) cooling pump+3 little (1000kW) cooling pump, and working time: * was 24 hours/day in 270 days; Big (2240kW) cooling pump of summer operation pattern 2:1 platform+4 little (1000kW) cooling pumps, working time: 90 days * of annual 7,8,9 three months meters 24 hours/day; Before system's technological transformation, circulation year power consumption reach 4272.4 ten thousand kWh/; After technological transformation, annual amount of electricity saving reaches 1,365 ten thousand kWh/, amounts to mark coal 4709tce, average power saving rate 31.2%.
Embodiment 2: choose certain steel plant's 1780 blast furnace blower turbine actuator recirculating cooling water system.
The recirculating cooling water system project profile of present embodiment is: this cooling water system mainly supplies condenser and the subsidiary engine cooling of 3 blower turbine actuators of 1780 blast furnaces, and the condenser heat interchanging area that every blower turbine actuator is joined is 1900m
2, the two pass condensation; Pumping plant is provided with 6 900kW cooling pumps (2 usefulness 4 are equipped with); Operational mode before the technological transformation: 2 (900kw) cooling pump+2 groups of blower turbine actuators; Present embodiment relates to 6 water pumps altogether, and independently metering system is housed, independent accumulated running time and power consumption.Operational mode is following:
Operational mode before the technological transformation: 2 (900kw) cooling pump+2 groups of blower turbine actuators, working time: 8400 hours/year; Actual measurement power consumption: 980kw+970kw=1950kw
Adopt big or small pump collocation after the technological transformation, divide Winter-Spring summer three kinds of mode operations:
Winter operation pattern: 2 (450kW) cooling pumps, working time: 4 months; Actual measurement power consumption: 430kw+425kw=855kw;
Spring and autumn operational mode: 1 (450kW) cooling pump+1 (550kW) cooling pump, working time: 4 months; Actual measurement power consumption: 430kw+520kw=950kw;
Summer operation pattern: 2 (550kW) cooling pumps, working time: 4 months; Actual measurement power consumption: 520kw+520kw=1040kw; Through accurate calculating correction values, annual amount of electricity saving is 883.5 ten thousand kWh/, amounts to mark coal 3048tce, average power saving rate 52%.
Claims (1)
1. the method for designing of an energy-saving type recirculating cooling water system is characterized in that the body design step comprises:
(1) draws recirculating cooling water system and heat exchanger network process flow diagram; Gather each heat transmission equipment technical parameter and thermic load value; Confirm operating condition and the environmental parameter of collection point and gather, respectively the operational factor of pressure, flow, temperature duty parameter and each number of pumping plant position water pump of the confession backwater operation of each link of the heat transmission equipment of recirculating cooling water system or cooling tower, duplexure and unit area is demarcated;
(2) select the folder point methods of process system engineering for use, by the numerical analysis of computer software, judge the rationality of heat transmission equipment or heat exchanger network layout, calculating obtains minimum heat, to reduce the demand of quantity of circulating water;
According to minimum driving force of heat transfer or minimum temperature difference value ▲ T
Min, cooling tower confirms the limit Inlet and outlet water temperature of each refrigeratory chilled water to requirement, corrosion and the fouling factor of water temperature, again according to limit out temperature and heat transfer capacity, on warm enthalpy diagram, makes the limit temperature enthalpy curve of each chilled water; Divide each warm area according to the limit out temperature of each refrigeratory chilled water then, the total heat transfer in each warm area is:
In the formula: Δ H is an enthalpy difference; CP is a heat-capacity flowrate; T is a temperature; J is the logistics number of i warm area;
Confirm the limit compound temperature enthalpy curve of system at last and calculate minimal circulation water curve of water supply;
(3) on the basis in (2) step; Confirm heat exchanger network pressure drop desired value; Change desired value and existing pump pressure are fallen restriction and are adapted; Investigating temperature, thermal load and the pressure drop of heat transmission equipment simultaneously, is the electricity charge, public work expense and heat interchanger expense through balance pressure drop expense or pump operated expense, calculates the heat exchanger network pressure drop apportioning cost of confirming optimization;
Wherein, the pressure drop calculation method of material when tube side is:
The pressure drop calculation method of material when shell side is:
Or:
In the formula: K is a constant; V is volume flow rate (m
3/ s); T is a year running time; Ce is an electricity charge unit price (unit/kWh); α, beta, gamma are the pump cost coefficient; H is a heat transfer coefficient; N is a number of shell passes, and COST1 is the pump electricity charge of total system; COST2 is the pump cost of investment of total system;
(4) demarcate through the heat exchanging equipment performance, analysis and judgement is also confirmed the high energy consumption reason; Its high energy consumption reason comprises: 1) heat recovery is insufficient, or the refrigeratory of heat exchanger network, well heater arrange unreasonablely, increases cooling water inflow; 2) the aging or fouling of local refrigeratory seriously causes heat exchanger efficiency low, forms bottleneck, increases pump discharge; 3) design, transform or extend unreasonable, cause the pepeline characteristic in each loop of pipe network to differ greatly, it is serious that pipe network waterpower is unbalance, increases the whole pressure head of pump discharge and lifting; 4) there be local the obstruction or interior leakage phenomenon in pipe network, increases energy consumption; 5) the serious dependence of pipe network is closed and is cut down adjusting, the pipe network operation inefficiency; 6) backwater potential energy fails to make full use of, and increases energy consumption; 7) the high site of return main vacuum degree control is unreasonable, forms serious flow-disturbing or partly-filled pipe-flow, increases energy consumption; 8) be in big flow, low temperature difference operation, increase energy consumption; 9) the cooling tower heat exchanger efficiency is low, increases pump discharge; 10) fail effectively to regulate the air quantity of blower fan according to load and variation of ambient temperature; 11) the own efficient performance deficiency of water pump (or using senile cause for a long time), pump efficiency is not high, and pump group operational efficiency is on the low side; 12) there is serious cavitation phenomenons in water pump, reduces operational efficiency; 13) pumping station optimization design and operational management all lack necessary power-saving technology means, cause operational mode unreasonable or fail effectively to regulate flow by load variations (or climate change), increase energy consumption;
(5) diagnosis and the analysis through above-mentioned heat exchange network optimization, high energy consumption reason; Judge the rationality of distribution system of water supply layout; Obtain the pepeline characteristic and the shock resistance abnormal nodes of each duplexure, analyze through optimizing simultaneously, as promote the means that regulating device and valve opening are regulated again through local unfavorable factor rectification, increase hydraulic equilibrium; Design improvement goes out lower resistance and flow equilibrium is regulated the good distribution system of water supply, and then the flow of the working point of definite water pump and lift parameter;
(6) according to flow, lift, efficient and device net positive suction head working point parameter after optimizing; Adopt ternary flow technology method calculation Design to go out water pump vane; Thereby personalized design customization high efficiency energy saving pump; Replace originally do not match, inefficient water pump, guarantee that the water pump of every cover circulation all is in efficient operation.
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