CN102539518A - Magnetism in-situ detection method for metal cracking expansion under condition of variable magnetic excitation - Google Patents
Magnetism in-situ detection method for metal cracking expansion under condition of variable magnetic excitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnet in-situ detection method for metal cracking expansion under the condition of variable magnetic excitation, which belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection for metal damage and fatigue process. The method adopts a miniature Haul device to form an array type sensor, and utilizes an adjustable magnetic field signal and an appropriate excitation method to remove the interference of stray magnetic fields specific to different magnet materials so as to obtain an optimal detection effect. The magnetism in-situ detection method adopts an array type probe, does not need to move a detection mechanism, utilizes abnormal change information of a weak magnetic signal when the cracking of ferromagnetic materials expands to achieve real-time in-situ detection of the cracking expansion, and has the advantages of being free of contact, high in detection efficiency, simple, convenient, low in cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic in-place detection method of Metal Crack expansion under the condition that changes magnetic pumping, belong to damaged metal and fatigue process technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Crackle is a kind of principal mode of damaged metal, and it is the main cause that causes hardware to lose efficacy.Hardware lost efficacy and might make whole equipment face serious threats such as inefficacy, fracture, blast, especially space flight and aviation, electric power, transit equipment etc. was concerned the key areas of the people's livelihood, can cause catastrophic consequence.In order to guarantee effective operation of apparatus, just must be before component failure, reliable detection is carried out in the potential zone that is prone to crack on the hardware to bearing load.
Recently decades, Non-Destructive Testing obtains fast development, and multiple detection method is applied to crack detection.Leakage method, magnetic particle method, electric vortex method, acoustic-emission etc. are wherein typically arranged.Wherein first three is the detection method of offing normal, and acoustic emission is the in-place detection method.In the ex situ methods, adopt the leakage field method only can detect, microcrack initiation and the early stage expansion of crackle then are difficult to effective detection macroscopic cracking; It is more loaded down with trivial details that magnetic particle method implements, and like tested component surface coating is arranged, necessary first decoating, and this is that a lot of equipment are unallowed; Electric vortex method is because of the big reason of Lift-off effect, and is responsive especially to the distance between probe and the detection means, testing result and out of true.Though acoustic-emission is the in-place detection method, the position of emissive source can't be confirmed, can not judge the accurate position that crackle produces.
It is a kind of novel lossless detection method that proposes in recent years that metal magnetic memory detects, have to the test specimen surface quality require lower, to fatigue crack and advantage such as the microlesion detection sensitivity is higher, Lift-off effect is little.
Because what magnetic memory detecting method picked up is the weak magnetic signal on test specimen surface under the environment of terrestrial magnetic field; Be subject to factor affecting such as material composition, condition of heat treatment and produce erroneous judgement; Make the reliability of magnetic memory detection technology be affected, cause sometimes to detect to be difficult to carry out.Simultaneously, the detection that is mostly to off normal of existing magnetic memory detecting method needs scanning probe to move.In crack propagation stretching experiment process, often need repeatedly scanning could effectively find crack propagation process, very waste time and energy.
The present invention proposes a kind of magnetic memory in-place detection method that becomes ferromagnetic metal crack propagation under the incentive condition, this method is the improvement to traditional magnetic memory detecting method.Have detection efficiency height, characteristics such as simple and convenient.
The objective of the invention is to produce and expansion provides a kind of in-place detection method of novel convenient practicality for research ferromagnetic metallic material member crackle.
Summary of the invention
The enforcement of this method is accomplished by following array apparatus: frame-type experiment stretching device (Fig. 1), array magnetic memory sensor (Fig. 2), the adjustable excitation unit in magnetic field (Fig. 3), magnetic memory signal are handled and acquisition system.
The experiment stretching device adopts better rigidity tower structure (see figure 1), by lifting jack 2 applied thrusts, changes the pulling force of test specimen 4 into through travel mechanism, and the value of thrust that puts on the test specimen is read by strain force sensor 1.
The magnetic memory sensor adopts 12 mini Hall devices; 2 * 6 array layout type (Fig. 2) can be realized test specimen is prone to crack regional covering, in testing process; Need not popping one's head in mobilely, just can judge whether crackle produces and expand in the coverage at probe.
Excitation unit is formed (Fig. 3) by articulated structure, the bar-shaped iron core in garden, coil and polyamide skeleton etc.; Through on suspension member 2 and the stretching device fixedly the pin 1 of wearing of test specimen 8 link to each other; The effect of articulated slab 3 is to allow excitation unit to rotate around the axis; Thereby guarantee pole shoe 4,6 and test specimen applying up and down, realize magnetization preferably; Two excitation pole shoes are designed to and can have avoided adopting when being fixedly connected in the form of test specimen surface sliding, and the situation of damaging pole shoe along with the elongation of test specimen drawing process takes place; When excitation unit was worked, the magnetic force of its generation can guarantee that magnetizing assembly and test specimen realization contact preferably.Becoming magnetic pumping realizes through dual mode: first kind is to change the electric current in the field coil 5 through pressure regulator, thereby changes magnetic field intensity; Second kind is that coil design is become the two-part structure, when not needing very strong magnetization excitation, only uses one section coil working wherein, when needs add the hard magnetization excitation, can two parts coil polyphone be got up to work.
Magnetic memory signal is gathered and information handling system is made up of multiplexed signal sampling device and computer data acquiring software, and this part is standard configuration, does not give unnecessary details at this.
When the present invention efficiently solved the research crack propagation, excitation unit was difficult to move with test specimen, thereby can't effectively carry out magnetized problem; Through applying the adjustable magnetic field of intensity, can effectively eliminate under the environment of terrestrial magnetic field, the external interference factor is to the influence of magnetic memory testing result, thus the reliability of raising testing result; Proposed a kind of array magnetic memory sensor that utilizes the test specimen crack propagation is carried out the method for in-place detection, this method need not mobile probe test specimen is scanned, and can realize detecting.The method realizes the effective identification to crack propagation through normal direction magnetic field intensity or the normal direction magnetic field gradient value of differentiating the crack propagation place.
The practical implementation step of this detection method is following:
Step 2 is fixed on test specimen, excitation unit on the stretching device, is installed in array probe on the mobile device, and is fixed on the position that test specimen need detect, and guarantees that the distance on linear transducer array face and test specimen surface is not more than 2mm;
Step 4 can be carried out the magnetic memory signal collection to test specimen in the loading procedure different phase.The opening device power supply, the signal data of collection is handled via the subsequent process circuit of array magnetic memory sensor, and is received by host computer through the data multiplex collector.
Step 5; Utilize signal processing software that the magnetic memory signal that collects is handled on computers; Can just carry out colour imaging figure according to the amplitude of magnetic data memory and show, also can the magnetic memory that collect be detected and form images after data ask gradient to handle, then effect is often better.
If the surveyed area zero defect, then the image data imaging results is the plane of a color even; If there is defective, then fault location can exist owing to crest, trough that the stray field effect occurs under the magnetized state, and the colorific distinctness of meeting changes on cromogram, thereby manifests the existence of defective; When defectives such as crackle produced expansion, then the distribution of color state of crack tip can change, and can judge the degree of expansion of crackle according to the variation of defective imaging results.
In the excitation unit of the present invention, articulated slab 3 adopts nylon material, has prevented the magnetic dispersion of energized circuit; The width design of pole shoe 4,6 wants consistent with the width of test specimen.Pole shoe, iron mandrel, field coil, test specimen form the energized circuit of a closure.
The annexation of excitation unit is: hanger 2 links to each other with pole shoe 4 through articulated slab 3; Two field coils 5 are enclosed within the middle part of iron mandrel 7; Pole shoe 4,6 is set in the iron mandrel respectively at the field coil two ends; Be threaded a field coil and pole shoe through the iron mandrel two ends are fixed, and in the time of fixedly, the surface of two pole shoe contact test specimens will be on same plane; The coil input end of excitation unit links to each other with direct current adjustable voltage power supply; Coil design becomes the two-part structure, when not needing very strong magnetization excitation, only uses one section coil working wherein, when needs add the hard magnetization excitation, can two parts coil polyphone be got up to work.
Array probe shell mechanism of the present invention is that nonferromugnetic material is made; Probe head is fixed with the circuit board of rectangular array formula Magnetic Sensor; The lead that circuit board is drawn passes in probing shell inside; Lead is connected through AB glue and shell, to prevent in operation, because of lead is pulled the damage sensor.The used sensitive element of array Magnetic Sensor is a hall device, characteristics such as volume is little, highly sensitive, the linearity is good that it has.A plurality of hall devices are connected in series on circuit board, and the effect of series connection is to make that supply current is identical on each element.
Subsequent process circuit of the present invention comprises several parts of the filtering circuit of the amplifying circuit of the feed circuit of Magnetic Sensor, every passage, every passage.Acting as to the Magnetic Sensor power supply of feed circuit makes that Magnetic Sensor can be according to its principle work; The amplification filtering circuit is initialize signal amplification, the denoising that every passage Magnetic Sensor is collected, and improves quality of signals, and is convenient simultaneously by the capture card collection.Their annexation is: the Magnetic Sensor feed circuit connect the input end of square array-type sensor, and the output terminal of every passage Magnetic Sensor connects signal amplification circuit
Data collecting card of the present invention is a hyperchannel multiple spot capture card, and its frequency acquisition gets final product more than 100HZ, can be to the multi-channel data synchronous acquisition through software control.
Array magnetic memory signal process software of the present invention refers to utilize the data colour imaging of Matlab instrument to gathering, or the data gradient imaging to gathering, and then judges the process of crack propagation.
Excitation unit is through regulating DC power supply voltage, the intensity that can regulate excitation field, the condition of realization change magnetic pumping.Because test specimen vertically is fixed on the cupping machine, when no current, excitation unit can be fully by deadweight and the basic keeping parallelism of test specimen, and exist space between pole shoe 4,6 and the test specimen 8 this moment.When input current, under the effect in magnetic field, articulated slab 3 makes pole shoe 4,6 be adsorbed on the test specimen according to angle of connecting rod principle rotation, reaches effect fixing and excitation.When loading, test specimen is elongated, and this moment, pole shoe 4,6 meetings moved in the test specimen mantle friction, had realized the excitation mode of slip.
Beneficial effect:
1. the present invention has designed a kind of array-type sensor based on hall device, has realized utilizing the Metal Crack expansion in-place detection of magnetic signal, and the experimental study that damages for metal defect provides a kind of novel testing tool.
2, excitation unit adopts the particular hanging structure; Solved the contradiction between test specimen stretching and the magnetization preferably; Realized relying in the test specimen stretching slipping rubbing contact to carry out the purpose of excitation, thereby the feasibility basis is provided for the crack propagation under the change magnetic pumping condition detects.
3. through adopting the array layout; Make the Magnetic Sensor sensitizing range cover the crack propagation position that to detect; Need not movable sensor scans test specimen; Just can arrive the crack propagation information acquisition on test specimen surface, reduce time consumption and detection error that motion scan brings, improve detection efficiency and precision.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the frame-type tensile test device;
Among the figure: 1-stress-type sensor, 2-lifting jack, 3-travel mechanism, 4-test specimen.
Fig. 2 is an array magnetic memory sensor;
Among the figure: 1-probe pictorial diagram, the local amplification of 2-probe.
Fig. 3 is for realizing becoming the excitation unit of magnetic pumping;
Among the figure: 1-wears pin, 2-hanger, 3-articulated slab, 4-pole shoe 1,5-coil, 6-pole shoe 2,7-iron core, 8-test specimen, 9-energized circuit, the input of 10-DC current.
Fig. 4 is the annexation figure of excitation unit;
Among the figure: add on the 1-drawing machine hold head, 2-wears to add under static probe support, 14-pole shoe 2,15-test specimen, the 16-drawing machine on pin, 3-hanger, 4-articulated slab, 5-pole shoe 1,6-iron core, 7-coil rack, 8-enameled wire, 9-probe, 10-setscrew nut, the tight split nut of 11-, 12-magnetic sensor signal output lead, the 13-drawing machine and holds head.
Fig. 5 is test specimen physical dimension and defective locations synoptic diagram;
Among the figure: 1-test specimen, 2-defective locations.
Fig. 6 is a magnetic signal imaging results under the different incentive conditions;
Fig. 7 is magnetic imaging result under scanning probe and the fixing situation.
Fig. 8 is a magnetic signal Grad imaging results under scanning probe and the fixing situation
Embodiment
For objects and advantages of the present invention are described better, the present invention is further specified below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.
Select 16MnR material tensile test specimen commonly used in the pressure vessel among the embodiment for use, the effective width of test specimen to be measured is 26mm, and the thickness of test specimen is 4mm, the prefabricated 5mm in the centre of test specimen * 1mm macroscopic cracking defective, and the structural dimensions of test specimen is shown in Figure 5.
Magnetic Sensor adopts Chinese Academy of Sciences's semiconducter research to develop De Arsenic gallium high sensitivity Hall element in the present embodiment, and its physical dimension is 1.5mm * 1.7mm, and sensitivity is 10mv/mA.KGs, and the linearity is 0.1%, and working temperature is-40 ℃～+ 125 ℃; Input pickup resistance is 0.67K Ω, and output resistance is 0.96K Ω.
Excitation unit in the present embodiment is made up of two sections field coils, and it is that the enameled wire of 0.47mm is wrapped in 1360 circles on the nylon wire ring framework that each field coil all adopts diameter.
Excitation dc power in the present embodiment adopts the electrodeless regulated power supply of DH1718G-4, and the maximum voltage of each paths is 35V, and maximum current is 3A; Signal subsequent process circuit part supply voltage is 10V.
Implementation process: at first according to the various piece in the operation steps joint detection system, and static probe.Start the power supply of subsequent process circuit part; Start the power supply of excitation unit, when just starting, will note being adjusted to zero volt to the supply voltage of excitation unit; Regulate tensile test apparatus test specimen is loaded required pulling force, regulate excitation unit, test specimen is loaded required magnetic field intensity, in regulating the pulling force process, excitation unit can be at the test specimen surface sliding; Through the acquisition software of control industrial computer, can gather the crack propagation information of the institute overlay area of popping one's head in any time; Utilize the three-dimensional and planar coloured imaging of Matlab software, can judge the information state of crack propagation through the result of imaging the data interpolating match of gathering.
When Fig. 6 was 41KN for value of thrust, (supply current was 0.05A, 0.25A, 0.5A, 0.75A) result of magnetic memory signal Grad imaging under the different exciting condition in zone to be detected.The result shows that along with the increase of excitation intensity, the Grad of regional center fault location to be detected is increasing.This result has explained that also testing result is accurately reliable more under the change excitation condition, and excitation has strengthened the magnetic field intensity at crack propagation place, greatly reduces the relative intensity of other undesired signals simultaneously.
Fig. 7 is value of thrust 35KN, and during exciting current 0.05A, pick-up unit is to the magnetic signal imaging results of defect area magnetic field intensity.Wherein Fig. 7 (b) is the imaging results when popping one's head in fixedly.Because the width of prefabricated defective is 5mm, but there has been extension in the zone of yellow (crest) and blue (trough) in the imaging on the defective Width, and this moment, crackle was expanded, and explained that this method can detect crack propagation more exactly.Fig. 7 (a) is under the same terms, and probe is to the result of defective scanning.Can find out obviously that from figure the curved surface interference wave that obtains of scanning is more, curved surface is rough; And the figure that the fixed point detection obtains is very smooth, and comes into plain view for the position of defective.This result has embodied the superiority of fixed test on the throne once more.
Fig. 8 is under the load value and exciting current situation identical with Fig. 7, to the magnetic signal Grad imaging results of slit region.Wherein Fig. 8 (b) is the imaging results of the magnetic signal gradient when popping one's head in fixedly.Testing result is better than the test pattern imaging results that Fig. 8 (a) scanning obtains the data gradient.
The test specimen that present embodiment is merely a kind of material detects.The present invention can detect multiple ferrimagnet result, and the number, spacing of probe flexible arrangement as required.
Claims (2)
1. a novel lossless detection method and device that is applicable to the research of ferromagnetic material Metal Crack expansion in-place detection; Comprise the magnetizing assembly that can change incentive condition; Array detection probe based on Hall element; The frame-type tensile test device, parts such as magnetic memory signal processing and acquisition system is characterized in that:
(1) having adopted can be along the excitation unit of test specimen surface sliding; This device is realized fitting with the test specimen surface under the electromagnetic force effect through articulated structure; And can be at the test specimen surface sliding; Both accomplish the test specimen magnetizing function, do not hindered the stretcher strain in the test specimen loading procedure again, satisfied the magnetization technology requirement of tensile test specimen;
(2) adopted based on the array magnetic of mini Hall device memory detecting sensor; This sensor adopts the array layout type of a plurality of mini Hall devices; Can satisfy the effective covering that the test specimen crackle is produced the zone; In testing process, need not mobile probe, can judge whether crackle produces and expand;
(3) adopted the mode of magnetization of variable magnetization field; Through changing exciting current and carrying out the SP of magnetic circuit, can select different magnetic field intensity amplitude and frequency, to different measured materials; Reach and remove the stray magnetic field interference, obtain the purpose of better detection effect; Adopt the way of magnetic memory signal gradient imaging, show that crackle produces and the position of expansion, have visual in image characteristics.
2. the magnetizing assembly of variable excitation condition according to claim 1; Its characteristic system adopts articulated structure, the bar-shaped iron core in garden, coil and polyamide skeleton etc. to form (Fig. 3); Through on suspension member 2 and the stretching device fixedly the pin 1 of wearing of test specimen 8 link to each other; The effect of articulated slab 3 is to allow excitation unit to rotate around the axis, thereby guarantees pole shoe 4,6 and test specimen applying up and down, realizes magnetization preferably; Two excitation pole shoes are designed to and can have avoided adopting when being fixedly connected in the form of test specimen surface sliding, and the situation of damaging pole shoe along with the elongation of test specimen drawing process takes place; When excitation unit was worked, the magnetic force of its generation can guarantee that magnetizing assembly and test specimen realization contact preferably.Becoming magnetic pumping realizes through dual mode: first kind is to change the electric current in the field coil 5 through pressure regulator, thereby changes magnetic field intensity; Second kind is that coil design is become the two-part structure, when not needing very strong magnetization excitation, only uses one section coil working wherein, when needs add the hard magnetization excitation, can two parts coil polyphone be got up to work.
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| CN104122323A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-29 | 四川汇正管道技术有限公司 | Non-magnetization pipeline-interior detection method |
| CN106018543A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 北京理工大学 | Bolt connecting part damage in-situ monitoring device based on magnetic memory effect |
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| CN112881167A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-06-01 | 北京理工大学 | Fretting fatigue crack initiation position determination method |
| CN112881167B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-01-04 | 北京理工大学 | Fretting fatigue crack initiation position determination method |
| CN112147215A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 上海磁海无损检测设备制造有限公司 | Magnetization control method and system, control device and equipment for magnetic powder flaw detection |
| CN113447354A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-28 | 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 | Inspection method for surface cracks of hot-rolled strip steel |
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