CN102539042A - Marine diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor - Google Patents

Marine diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102539042A
CN102539042A CN2012100391133A CN201210039113A CN102539042A CN 102539042 A CN102539042 A CN 102539042A CN 2012100391133 A CN2012100391133 A CN 2012100391133A CN 201210039113 A CN201210039113 A CN 201210039113A CN 102539042 A CN102539042 A CN 102539042A
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magnetoresistive transducer
belt
shaft power
diesel engine
magneto
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CN102539042B (en
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杨建国
何浩
余永华
胡璐
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

The invention relates to a marine diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor, which comprises magneto-resistive sensors, measuring belts and peripheral circuits which are matched with the magneto-resistive sensors. When a transmission shaft rotates, the magneto-resistive sensor detects a variable magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet on a plastic block of the measuring belt and sine-like signals can be generated. Magneto-resistive sensors are symmetrically arranged at horizontal positions which are certainly distant from the radial directions of the measuring belts to output signals. The magneto-resistive sensors are made based on the magneto-resistive effect of magneto-sensitive resistance elements. Phase difference between the output signals of the two magneto-resistive sensors are extracted through signal processing to obtain a torque signal. The frequency of any one signal of the output signals of the two magneto-resistive sensors is calculated to obtain prime motor rotating speed, so as to obtain the value of shaft power. The marine diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor has the advantages that the equipment structure is simple, the volume is small and the monitoring sensor is convenient to install; the sensitivity is high, the working frequency characteristic is stable and the anti-interference capability is strong; the measurement is accurate; and the shaft power and the rotating speed of the prime motor can be monitored in real time under the condition that the prime motor runs.

Description

Boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shaft power on-line monitoring, particularly a kind of boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor.
Background technology
Boat diesel engine shaft power is the important parameter that boats and ships are paid ship-machine in check, the ship's navigation process-oar coupling and propulsion system performance monitoring and diagnosis.At present, method of testing both domestic and external is mainly strain-type torsion-testing method and phase-difference type torque method of testing.
Strain-type torsion-testing method is generally strain gauge method and magnetoelasticity method.It is dependent variable that strain gauge method adopts the strain gage testing axle, and its installation requirement is than higher, and the human factor influence is big, is difficult to guarantee precision, and life cycle and life-span are short.The piezomagnetic effect that the magnetoelasticity method is based on ferromagnetic material is come the variable quantity of magnetic flux in the control coil, its complex structure, and the apparatus processing technological requirement is high, debug difficulties.The phase-difference type torque method of testing generally has string wire method, laser method etc.The string wire method is through string wire sensor frequency change-detection phase differential, and this method measuring accuracy is higher, but plant equipment is many, and volume is big, and cost is high, carries, tests inconvenience.Laser method is based on Doppler effect, utilizes Equipment Inspection electromagnetic sensor signal phase differences such as Laser emission receiver, and measuring accuracy is high, and is easy and simple to handle, but needs light source.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: a kind of boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor is provided; To overcome the deficiency of spot ship diesel engine shaft power measurements technology; Shaft power is carried out non-contact measurement, reach real-time monitoring boat diesel engine shaft power state, improved boats and ships life-cycle cycle management ability; Measuring accuracy is high, applicable to prime mover of the different diameters of axle and rated power.
The present invention solves its technical matters and adopts following technical scheme: boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor; It is characterized in that including magnetoresistive transducer, measure the peripheral circuit composition that belt reaches and magnetoresistive transducer is supporting; Described and the supporting peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer mainly include power module and based on the signal feedback compensating circuit of PIC single-chip microcomputer; Regulate the output signal and the changes of magnetic field relation of magnetoresistive transducer through the signal feedback compensating circuit; Make the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer be linear change with the magnetic field change, and the output signal amplitude of scalable magnetoresistive transducer; Measure belt and adopt tooth-like steel wire driving-belt; Its surface is embedded with 16 unit of plastics that have permanent magnet, is installed on the transmission shaft through hex bolts, when transmission shaft rotates; Magnetoresistive transducer detect to be measured the variation magnetic field that permanent magnet produces on the belt unit of plastic, can type of generation sinusoidal signal; Radially two mutually redundant magnetoresistive transducers are arranged with the output signal with the measurement belt at a distance of the horizontal level symmetric arrangement of certain distance; Described magnetoresistive transducer is based on that the magnetoresistance of mistor element processes; Extract the phase differential between two magnetoresistive transducers output signal through signal Processing; Can obtain torque signal, arbitrary signal frequency of calculating again in the two magnetoresistive transducers output signal obtains prime mover rotating speed, just can obtain the value of shaft power.
Press such scheme; The peripheral circuit supporting with magnetoresistive transducer also includes modulate circuit; With this modulate circuit the biasing and zero moment value of the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer are demarcated, and pass through the output signal amplitude that pot is regulated magnetoresistive transducer, it is adjusted in the claimed range.
Press such scheme, said mistor is mistor KMZ10A.
Press such scheme, described measurement belt includes first and measures the belt and the second measurement belt, and it is installed in the drive end and the load end of transmission shaft respectively.
Press such scheme, the magnetic of the permanent magnet in the unit of plastic on the described measurement belt is pressed N, S level alternative arrangement.
Press such scheme, described magnetoresistive transducer is 10-16cm with the horizontal center line radial distance of measuring belt.
Principle of work of the present invention:
The present invention is based on magnetoresistance effect; As shown in Figure 2; Adopted a kind of Barber structure bridge circuit; The Ni-Fe alloy firm magnetoresistive element of bias magnetic field is contained in its inside, has that the range of linearity is wide, highly sensitive, the frequency of operation stability of characteristics, antijamming capability is strong, temperature performance is good, volume is little and characteristics such as simple in structure.
Figure 2012100391133100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
is parallel with thin film planar when externally-applied magnetic field; And when becoming
Figure 881309DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
angle with current direction; Its resistance
Figure 2012100391133100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
will change with the variation of angle
Figure 536413DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, and occurs anisotropic variation simultaneously.Its output expression formula is:
(1)
Including:
Figure 2012100391133100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 57579DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
(2)
Figure 2012100391133100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the magnetoresistance ratio (mr) of effect of anisotropy, and it is to be determined by magnetoresistance material itself.(2-4) can know by formula, and thin film magneto element not only has double frequency function, and can also detect the direction of externally-applied magnetic field.
Again because:
(3)
How the magnetic direction that no matter acts on the thin-film magnetoresistive plane changes, and total resistance of bridge circuit always remains unchanged, and can reach the broad frequency band of 100MHz.
When prime mover output power; The transmission shaft distortion that can twist; The magnetic field that is installed on the measurement belt generation on the transmission shaft can change; The variation that the magnetoresistive transducer of processing through mistor detects magnetic field can obtain torque signal, calculates the magnetoresistive transducer output signal frequency again and obtains prime mover rotating speed, just can obtain the value of shaft power.
The present invention compared with prior art has following main advantage:
1. adopted the contactless measurement based on magnetoresistance, device structure is simple, volume is little, and is easy for installation;
2. the Sensor Design method is relatively novel, and highly sensitive, frequency of operation stability of characteristics, antijamming capability are strong;
2. measure accurately, under normal operation, shaft power result and actual result error are within 3%;
3. can under the condition of prime mover operation, monitor parameters such as prime mover shaft power, rotating speed in real time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 measures boat diesel engine shaft power principle and structural representation for magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is mistor component structure synoptic diagram and equivalent electrical circuit in the magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is positive peak testing circuit in the magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is negative peak testing circuit in the magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is PIC single-chip microcomputer signal handler process flow diagram in the magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is magnetoresistive transducer support of the present invention and magnetoresistive transducer scheme of installation;
Fig. 7 is for measuring belt composition figure in the magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is result of finite element figure in the magnetoresistive transducer design process of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the peripheral modulate circuit schematic diagram of magnetoresistive transducer of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the signal waveform of magnetoresistive transducer output signal of the present invention behind peripheral modulate circuit;
Among the figure: 1. diesel engine; 2. first magnetoresistive transducer; 3. second magnetoresistive transducer; 4. the 3rd magnetoresistive transducer; 5. the 4th magnetoresistive transducer; 6. first measure belt; 7. second measure belt; 8. transmission shaft; 9. screw propeller; 10. first bow; 11. second bow; 12. hex bolts; 13. hexagonal nut; 14. permanent magnet; 15. unit of plastic; The unit of plastic of (with the hex bolts coupling) 16. with holes.
Embodiment
Boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor; It is characterized in that including magnetoresistive transducer, measure the peripheral circuit composition that belt reaches and magnetoresistive transducer is supporting; Described and the supporting peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer mainly include power module and based on the signal feedback compensating circuit of PIC single-chip microcomputer; Regulate the output signal and the changes of magnetic field relation of magnetoresistive transducer through the signal feedback compensating circuit; Make the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer be linear change with the magnetic field change, and the output signal amplitude of scalable magnetoresistive transducer; Measure belt and adopt tooth-like steel wire driving-belt; Its surface is embedded with 16 unit of plastics that have permanent magnet, is installed on the transmission shaft through hex bolts, when transmission shaft rotates; Magnetoresistive transducer detect to be measured the variation magnetic field that permanent magnet produces on the belt unit of plastic, can type of generation sinusoidal signal; Radially two mutually redundant magnetoresistive transducers are arranged with the output signal with the measurement belt at a distance of the horizontal level symmetric arrangement of certain distance; Described magnetoresistive transducer is based on that the magnetoresistance of mistor element processes; Extract the phase differential between two magnetoresistive transducers output signal through signal Processing; Can obtain torque signal, arbitrary signal frequency of calculating again in the two magnetoresistive transducers output signal obtains prime mover rotating speed, just can obtain the value of shaft power.
Press such scheme; The peripheral circuit supporting with magnetoresistive transducer also includes modulate circuit; With this modulate circuit the biasing and zero moment value of the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer are demarcated, and pass through the output signal amplitude that pot is regulated magnetoresistive transducer, it is adjusted in the claimed range.
Press such scheme, said mistor is mistor KMZ10A.
Press such scheme, described measurement belt includes first and measures the belt and the second measurement belt, and it is installed in the drive end and the load end of transmission shaft respectively.
Press such scheme, the magnetic of the permanent magnet in the unit of plastic on the described measurement belt is pressed N, S level alternative arrangement.
Press such scheme, described magnetoresistive transducer is 10-16cm with the horizontal center line radial distance of measuring belt.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified, whole invention process is following:
Boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor provided by the invention, its structure is as shown in Figure 1, by magnetoresistive transducer, measure belt and form with the supporting peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer etc., wherein,
Magnetoresistive transducer is based on the magnetoresistance of mistor KMZ10A and processes.As shown in Figure 2, the variation that detects magnetic field through its inner Ni-Fe alloy firm magnetoresistive element obtains torque signal.Also comprise peak detection circuit in the peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer and detect the positive and negative peak value that mistor produces the output signal.Like Fig. 3, shown in 4, be respectively positive peak testing circuit and negative peak testing circuit.The peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer mainly includes power module and based on the signal feedback compensating circuit of PIC single-chip microcomputer; The relevant treatment of signal is carried out in employing based on the signal feedback compensating circuit of PIC single-chip microcomputer; Make the output signal and the changes of magnetic field of magnetoresistive transducer linear, and the output signal amplitude of scalable magnetoresistive transducer, also include modulate circuit; With this modulate circuit the biasing and zero moment value of the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer are demarcated; And pass through the output signal amplitude that pot is regulated magnetoresistive transducer, and it is adjusted in the claimed range, as shown in Figure 5; After the PIC single-chip microcomputer is gathered signal; Adopt positive and negative peak detection circuit to extract the positive negative peak of signal respectively, adopt the comparer in the PIC single-chip microcomputer relatively the back to be adjusted by output signal accordingly, make output signal and changes of magnetic field linear.
As shown in Figure 6; Magnetoresistive transducer is fixed on by the transmission shaft of diesel engine through sensor stand; The first measurement belt and the second measurement belt lock ring respectively are drive end and load end at the transmission shaft two ends, and vertical range is adjusted to 10-16cm between the horizontal center line of the top of magnetoresistive transducer and measurement belt.First measure belt the place, both sides first magnetoresistive transducer 2, the 3rd magnetoresistive transducer 7 that links to each other with first bow 10 is installed respectively; Second measure belt the place, both sides second magnetoresistive transducer 3, the 4th magnetoresistive transducer 5 that links to each other with second bow 11 is installed respectively; In actual measurement, the second, the 4th magnetoresistive transducer (3,5) is respectively the backup of the first, the 3rd magnetoresistive transducer (2,4).It should be noted that: when initially installing and using, two pairs of magnetoresistive transducers will carry out self check and the initial demarcation that phase place is installed.
As shown in Figure 7; Said first measures belt 6 and second measures belt 7, all links to each other with unit of plastic 15 with hexagonal nut 13 through hex bolts 12, and joins end to end through the unit of plastic 16 of (with the hex bolts coupling) with holes; And measure the belt lock rings on transmission shaft 8 with two; When transmission shaft rotated, magnetoresistive transducer detects measured the variation magnetic field that permanent magnet produces on the belt unit of plastic, can type of generation sinusoidal signal.Said first measures belt 6, second measures the tooth-like steel wire driving-belt of belt 7 selections; Its shiny surface is used for mounting permanent magnet 14 and unit of plastic 15, and unit of plastic 15 is fastened on first respectively through self-tapping screw and measures on belt, the corresponding diverse location of the second measurement belt.Permanent magnet 14 is placed in the unit of plastic, and its magnetic is by N, S level alternative arrangement, and being coupling of transmission shaft 8 of the flank of tooth and diesel engine 1 touched, and prevents that belt from sliding along transmission shaft 8 surfaces.
Because the changes of magnetic field rule is determining the sensor output signal Changing Pattern, therefore to study the Changing Pattern of measuring magnetic field in the belt rotary course.The analytical approach of employing finite element obtains the Changing Pattern in magnetic field; Be illustrated in figure 8 as the oscillogram that magnetoresistive transducer obtains after FEM calculation; Characteristics such as generation principle that can be through this outcome research signal and frequency, and can confirm that the magnetoresistive transducer top is to the optimum distance of measuring belt.
Magnetoresistive transducer output signal is behind peripheral modulate circuit; Just can gather and follow-up signal Processing is extracted signal phase difference; Can obtain torque signal, arbitrary signal frequency of calculating again in the two magnetoresistive transducers output signal obtains prime mover rotating speed, just can obtain the value of shaft power.Like Fig. 9, said modulate circuit comprises signal differential, amplification and zeroing hardware circuit, and wherein amplifying circuit adopts the TL064C operational amplifier.Difference channel is exported the difference of two input ends of mistor as signal; Because the output signal amplitude of magnetoresistive transducer is very little, can satisfy the collection requirement just carry out the amplification of certain multiple, in order to reduce influence such as amplifier drift; Adopt zeroing circuit that initialize signal is returned to zero; Simultaneously, regulate the input signal amplitude, can make the signal maximum amplitude in acquisition range.Among Fig. 9, control the amplitude size of exporting signal, regulate adjustable resistance R5 and carry out the original state zeroing through regulating adjustable resistance R4.Among Figure 10, be the output waveform of signal behind modulate circuit, a, b two waveforms are with frequency, type sinusoidal signal, and have certain phase differential, and highest frequency is in 100HZ.
At last, signal behind relevant collecting device, just (4) calculated torque value by formula on host computer, by formula at last transmission shaft 5 output powers are calculated in (5).Through measuring the initial phase θ of diesel engine under idle running 0Carry out initial phase and demarcate, can eliminate the error that initial installation phase place produces result of calculation.
Figure 2012100391133100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
(4)
Figure 458659DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(5)
Wherein, θ 0Be initial phase, θ is the phase place of asking for, and D is the external diameter of transmission shaft 5, and d is the internal diameter of transmission shaft 5, and L is two measurement belt two sections distances, and T is torque, and P is the output power of transmission shaft 5, and n is the rotating speed of transmission shaft 5.
Above-mentioned boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor provided by the invention is used for the power of online non-contact measurement original machine output shaft, and its phase-difference type measuring method based on magnetoresistance may further comprise the steps:
Diesel engine 1 side and screw propeller 9 sides respectively lock ring install that a shaft diameter with transmission shaft 8 is complementary first measure the belt and the second measurement belt; Fixing (welding) first bow 10 on hull; Second bow 11, adjustment magnetoresistive transducer top and measurement belt horizontal center line spaced radial are to 10-16cm;
2. sensor signal being exported cable is connected in the modulate circuit system;
3. will be connected to through the output signal line cable behind the modulate circuit on collection and the treating apparatus;
3. check each equipment install whether correct, intact, to be confirmed after, provide+power supply of 12v to test macro;
5. if system initially installs and uses, carry out the demarcation of initial phase.If inactivity output, directly the initial phase θ of measuring system during prime mover idle running 0, otherwise adopt Strain Method to carry out the demarcation of initial phase.

Claims (6)

1. boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor; It is characterized in that including magnetoresistive transducer, measure the peripheral circuit composition that belt reaches and magnetoresistive transducer is supporting; Described and the supporting peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer mainly include power module and based on the signal feedback compensating circuit of PIC single-chip microcomputer; Regulate the output signal and the changes of magnetic field relation of magnetoresistive transducer through the signal feedback compensating circuit; Make the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer be linear change with the magnetic field change, and the output signal amplitude of scalable magnetoresistive transducer; Measure belt and adopt tooth-like steel wire driving-belt; Its surface is embedded with 16 unit of plastics (15) that have permanent magnet (14); Be installed on the transmission shaft (8) through hex bolts; When transmission shaft rotated, magnetoresistive transducer detect to be measured the variation magnetic field that permanent magnet produces on the belt unit of plastic, can type of generation sinusoidal signal; Radially two mutually redundant magnetoresistive transducers are arranged with the output signal with the measurement belt at a distance of the horizontal level symmetric arrangement of certain distance; Described magnetoresistive transducer is based on that the magnetoresistance of mistor element processes; Extract the phase differential between two magnetoresistive transducers output signal through signal Processing; Can obtain torque signal, arbitrary signal frequency of calculating again in the two magnetoresistive transducers output signal obtains prime mover rotating speed, just can obtain the value of shaft power.
2. by the described boat diesel engine shaft power of claim 1 monitoring sensor; It is characterized in that also including modulate circuit with the supporting peripheral circuit of magnetoresistive transducer; With this modulate circuit the biasing and zero moment value of the output signal of magnetoresistive transducer are demarcated; And pass through the output signal amplitude that pot is regulated magnetoresistive transducer, it is adjusted in the claimed range.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensors, it is characterized in that said mistor is mistor KMZ10A.
4. by claim 1 or 2 described boat diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensors, it is characterized in that described measurement belt includes first and measures the belt (6) and the second measurement belt (7), it is installed in the drive end and the load end of transmission shaft respectively.
5. by the described boat diesel engine shaft power of claim 4 monitoring sensor, the magnetic that it is characterized in that the permanent magnet in the unit of plastic on the described measurement belt is by N, S level alternative arrangement.
6. by the described boat diesel engine shaft power of claim 4 monitoring sensor, it is characterized in that described magnetoresistive transducer and the horizontal center line radial distance of measuring belt are 10-16cm.
CN2012100391133A 2012-02-21 2012-02-21 Marine diesel engine shaft power monitoring sensor Active CN102539042B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103410619A (en) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 Diesel engine closed loop speed regulation system of diesel locomotive and speed regulation method thereof
CN105953959A (en) * 2016-06-16 2016-09-21 浙江迅鲨动力设备有限公司 Underground test bench of outboard engine
CN109870589A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-06-11 哈尔滨恒达交通设备技术开发有限公司 A kind of velocity sensor
CN112903158A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-04 北京高码科技有限公司 Container load and consumption accurate metering system based on application

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1214061A (en) * 1968-01-12 1970-12-02 Nat Res Dev Fluidic torque and power meters operated by a gaseous medium
SU493671A1 (en) * 1974-08-12 1975-11-28 Предприятие П/Я В-8690 Device for measuring shaft power
JPS61178628A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-08-11 Furuno Electric Co Ltd Shaft horsepower meter
JPH04207001A (en) * 1990-11-30 1992-07-29 Mazda Motor Corp Sensor with magnetic film
GB2262345A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-16 Richard Lunn Shaft horsepower measuring device
US7095198B1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-08-22 Honeywell International Inc. Speed sensor for a power sensor module

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1214061A (en) * 1968-01-12 1970-12-02 Nat Res Dev Fluidic torque and power meters operated by a gaseous medium
SU493671A1 (en) * 1974-08-12 1975-11-28 Предприятие П/Я В-8690 Device for measuring shaft power
JPS61178628A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-08-11 Furuno Electric Co Ltd Shaft horsepower meter
JPH04207001A (en) * 1990-11-30 1992-07-29 Mazda Motor Corp Sensor with magnetic film
GB2262345A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-16 Richard Lunn Shaft horsepower measuring device
US7095198B1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-08-22 Honeywell International Inc. Speed sensor for a power sensor module

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103410619A (en) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 Diesel engine closed loop speed regulation system of diesel locomotive and speed regulation method thereof
CN103410619B (en) * 2013-08-27 2016-01-27 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 Diesel engine of diesel locomotive Closed-Loop Speed Governing System and speed regulating method thereof
CN105953959A (en) * 2016-06-16 2016-09-21 浙江迅鲨动力设备有限公司 Underground test bench of outboard engine
CN105953959B (en) * 2016-06-16 2019-01-18 浙江迅鲨动力设备有限公司 Shipboard underwater test platform
CN109870589A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-06-11 哈尔滨恒达交通设备技术开发有限公司 A kind of velocity sensor
CN112903158A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-04 北京高码科技有限公司 Container load and consumption accurate metering system based on application

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