CN102538264A - High-pressure natural heating equipment - Google Patents
High-pressure natural heating equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102538264A CN102538264A CN201210062869XA CN201210062869A CN102538264A CN 102538264 A CN102538264 A CN 102538264A CN 201210062869X A CN201210062869X A CN 201210062869XA CN 201210062869 A CN201210062869 A CN 201210062869A CN 102538264 A CN102538264 A CN 102538264A
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-pressure natural heating equipment. Heat energy of heat sources (air, seawater, water in rivers and lakes, and the like) are absorbed and utilized by adopting a high-pressure natural heating principle. The principle is that: based on two physical characteristics that vertical temperature of some liquid is reduced along with increase of density and heat of some liquid can be transferred from bottom to top only, in a high-temperature liquid working medium of which the periphery is thermally insulated, density difference and temperature difference of the working medium are spontaneously generated due to pressure difference between the top and the bottom under the action of own gravity or external force, the heat is absorbed by a low temperature part at the bottom of the working medium and is transferred to a high temperature part on the top and then released for utilization. After the equipment runs, the lower part of the working medium is always in a high pressure state, and extra energy is not required to be consumed for generating or maintaining the high pressure state. By the equipment, temperature higher than the temperature of the heat sources can be obtained, and the equipment can be manufactured into forms such as buildings, machines, electrical equipment and the like for obtaining energy and can be used for human life and production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy field, " the high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " that adopts me to find adopts particular device, and draw heat from thermals source such as air, seawater, rivers and lakes water converts heat energy, electric energy, mechanical energy into, is used for human life, production.This equipment can be made forms such as building, machinery, electrical equipment, so be referred to as " high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment ".
Background technology
Because energy crisis and oil, coal, natural gas face exhaustion, and seriously polluted, new forms of energy are all being sought in the current whole world.Now the main direction of studying of new forms of energy is solar energy, wind energy, nuclear fusion, tide energy etc., but nuclear fusion do not succeed in developing as yet, and all there are bottlenecks such as efficient is low, energy density is little in solar energy, wind energy, tide energy.So more people attempt from the more wide direction finding energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention attempts to open up the frontier of the energy, from seawater, air, rivers and lakes water, draws heat energy and utilizes.The air of the earth, seawater, rivers and lakes water are being contained huge heat; The seawater mean temperature of supposing the earth reduces by 0.01 degree, and the heat that is distributed is whole world utilization enough, and the energy that has utilized is again with in the form of heat return to the nature; We can say inexhaustible, nexhaustible; And can not destroy the thermal balance in biosphere, this imagination just had scientist to propose in modern age, but did not all have and can study successfully.
" the high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " that the present invention adopts me to find: reduce with some liquid and can only transmit this two physical characteristics to heat from lower to upper with the density increase based on its vertical temperature of some liquid; Around in heat insulation, the highly higher liquid refrigerant; Working medium is under self gravitation or external force effect, because of the up and down spontaneous generation density contrast of pressure difference and the temperature difference, with working medium bottom low temperature place absorption heat; And be delivered to the release of high temperature place, top, for utilization.
" high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " is the popularization of my another discovery " high pressure nature refrigeration principle ".These two principles all are that I find first in the world and put forward, and the latter mentions in my another patent (application number 201110092029.3), but all externally do not publish as yet, so discuss this " high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " in detail at this earlier.
Present principles is that I draw in the research to the large-sized deep water warehouse temperature.The large-sized deep water storehouse can form the water temperature delamination phenomenon, and the top water temperature is high, and the bottom water temperature is low, and water temperature is a curve that reduces continuously to the bottom of the reservior by the water surface.And if the discharge opening of these reservoirs is built dam bottom in, mostly that then lets out down is bottom cold water, can cause the water temperature in the certain limit of downstream lower than the upper reaches, produces so-called " stagnant temperature effect ", and downstream production and ecological environment are caused certain adverse effect.Like Guangxi Long Tan reservoir, water temperature changes like following table.
Average for many years each temperature that sluices below the moon of the imperial beach of table 1 reservoir
Can find out that except that December, imperial beach reservoir other each Wen Jun that sluice below the moon decrease than natural river course, June cooling extent up to 7.8 degree.That is to say that after upland water got into reservoir, temperature had been lowered, and flows to downstream again, " the stain temperature effect " of Here it is reservoir.According to law of conservation of energy,, explain that then river heats a large amount of in this process has been transferred since temperature had reduced than originally.
Dragon beach reservoir mean annual discharge is 517 billion cubic meters, has been lowered 3 degree with the average water temperature of river and has calculated, and the heat that can calculate transfer is 6.5 * 10
17Joule, be 16.5 times of present Long Tan power station annual electricity generating capacity.It is thus clear that the heat that shifts because of reservoir water body cooling is huge, if the physical principle that we find reservoir to lower the temperature just can be used and obtains heat.
Current, the water conservancy bound pair forms the less research of physical principle of water temperature delamination and stagnant temperature effect in reservoir, just generally think its former because of: after reservoir builds up; The water surface increases, and current slow down, and the depth of water strengthens; Changed the heat exchange environment of water; So form water temperature delamination, let out under the cold water, make the downstream water temperature drop low.
This explanation is also not all roses, because the heat of river course water, reservoir water all comes from sunlight.After reservoir is built, increased the contact area of water and sunlight, then river has absorbed the heat of more sunlight, and the water temperature in the reservoir downstream ability that should raise is right in theory, but in fact water temperature is to have reduced.
So the water temperature delamination in large-sized deep water storehouse and the temperature effect that stagnates have the more physical cause of deep layer.
The phenomenon of heat release was thought when I combined the air-conditioning refrigerant pressurized, and the large-sized deep water storehouse produces water temperature delamination and the reason of the temperature effect that stagnates is that the reservoir bottom water under high pressure is compressed and lowers the temperature.
We see the physical property of water earlier, and water is liquid, it has been generally acknowledged that liquid is incompressible.But in fact, liquid can faint compression.So in theory, under sufficiently high pressure, water can be compressed, and volume-diminished, density become big.
Water can compress, and much human is indigestion once.We are that example lays down a definition with the steel, one 100 meters long even steel column, and its sectional area is S, density is ρ.It is erected, and then top 99 meters gravity will be born for 1 meter in the steel column bottom, and its size is:
F=99Sg ρ, (g is an acceleration of gravity in the formula)
Steel is resilient, and then the 1 meter steel column in bottom produces strain, the length Δ that it dwindles
LFor:
Δ
L=F/SE=99g ρ/E, (E is the lateral confinement compression modulus of steel in the formula)
Then the averag density ρ ' of 1 meter of bottom is:
ρ’＝ρ/(1-Δ
L)＝ρ/(1-99g?ρ/E)
Can draw ρ '＞ρ.It is thus clear that after steel column erected, the bottom had been compressed because receiving the effect of self gravitation, it is big that density becomes, and the top is not because there is pressurized, and density is constant.The steel capital can be compressed, and that water can compress equally.
It is thus clear that steel is in highly less, each position density variation can be ignored, and this also meets the phenomenon that our daily life is seen.But steel is in highly very big, because the density variation that self gravitation causes is just very remarkable.In like manner, water is when the degree of depth is little, and difference of densities is different not remarkable, but when the degree of depth is very big, and the difference of densities that himself pressure causes is different just very remarkable.
Another physical property of water is that temperature and density are closely bound up.In the interval of four degrees celsius to 100 degree, when the temperature step-down of water, it is big that the density of water can become.So, we can think conversely that also when the density of water became big, the temperature of water also can step-down.So, if under certain heat insulation and dissipation condition, make its density become big with the external force pressurized water, water temperature also will step-down.
Suppose a deep water storehouse again, import the identical normal-temperature water of temperature.If water level is enough high, bottom water will be compressed under sufficiently high pressure, volume-diminished, and density increases, and temperature reduces, and heat can come out.Because rock at the bottom of the reservoir or mud are heat insulation, and the water more than 4 ℃ can only upwards transmit heat, and can not transmit downwards, so the heat that distributes can only pass in the upper water.Temperature raise after upper water absorbed heat, can be dispersed into heat in the atmosphere after being higher than temperature.Like this reservoir originally the identical water of temperature will form water temperature delamination, bottom coolant-temperature gage low-density is big, upper water temperature high density is little, and is similar with occurring in nature ocean, lake, the deep water storehouse vertical distribution situation of water temperature.The principle that reservoir water that Here it is is under high pressure lowered the temperature.
And if the discharge opening of reservoir is in dam bottom, after the water at low temperature of bottom of the reservior was slowly let out down, the high-temperature water at reservoir top and the upper reaches was slowly additional downwards, continued again to be lowered the temperature by high pressure compressed, and heat constantly is uploaded to the surperficial high-temperature water of reservoir, is dispersed in the atmosphere at last.So no matter the upland water temperature how, what discharge opening flowed out from the reservoir bottom all is water at low temperature.The stagnate principle of temperature effect of Here it is deep water storehouse.
As if in this phenomenon, heat constantly passes the high-temperature water to top from the water at low temperature of reservoir bottom, has violated the second law of thermodynamics.Do not violate in fact.Because when the reservoir bottom water is under high pressure compressed, volume-diminished, pressure has been done merit along the direction of this power, and low temperature reaches high temperature place, top from the bottom to force heat.Explain that from the angle of energy this reverse diabatic process has consumed extra energy, the gravitional force that loses because of volume-diminished when being exactly the water pressurized meets the second law of thermodynamics fully.
The principle summary of deep water storehouse water for cooling is exactly: very dark water can form high pressure in the bottom, and bottom water is compressed, and produces the density contrast of top and the bottom, and density contrast produces the temperature difference, thereby reaches upper water to bottom hydro-thermal amount.
Found the physical principle of deep water storehouse water for cooling, just can utilize this principle, the artificial temperature difference of making of the situation in simulation deep water storehouse has had heat that the temperature difference just can absorb other thermal source with utilization." the high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " of my proposition that Here it is; It can be expressed as: increase with density based on its vertical temperature of some liquid and reduce with some liquid and can only transmit this two physical characteristics to heat from lower to upper, in heat insulation, highly higher liquid refrigerant all around, working medium is under self gravitation or external force effect; Cause is the spontaneous generation density contrast of pressure difference and the temperature difference up and down; The low temperature place absorbs heat with the working medium bottom, and is delivered to the release of high temperature place, top, for utilization.
Because high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle is for I to be found first and proposes, so utilize " the high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment " of this principle design also to belong to first in the whole world.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a temperature difference tower
Fig. 2 is series connection temperature difference tower
Fig. 3 is the high pressure natural air conditioner
Fig. 4 be air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermals can turbine
Fig. 5 be air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermals can the power station
Each component names is:
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing practical implementation of the present invention is further described, but enforcement of the present invention and protection are not limited thereto.
1, temperature difference tower
As shown in Figure 1, the situation of cooling naturally in simulation deep water storehouse is built a high tower 1 (because the main effect of this tower is in order to make the temperature difference, so called after " temperature difference tower "), highly is 150 to 200 meters, fills water, but blow-by.Heat dissipation metal pipe 2 is installed in temperature difference tower 1 bottom, import outside and fan 3 is housed, outlet is at the tower another side.Top of tower is installed heat dissipation metal pipe 4; Link together with the radiating tube 6 usefulness conduits 7 of 5 li in machine; (annotate: machine 5 can be heat energy applied for machines such as water heater, warming machine, and this figure is not specific to be drawn), the tube wall of conduit 7 is heat insulation; Fill catalyst carrier for 7 li at radiating tube 4, radiating tube 6, conduit, drive to circulate through pump 8.Fan 3 is all used extraneous driven by power with pump 8.
The operation principle of this equipment is: temperature difference tower 1 utilizes armored concrete to build, because concrete is heat insulation, the heat of water can only transmit from lower to upper; Water is because its gravity forms very big pressure difference with height in top and the bottom, and the compression bottom water makes its cooling, the formation temperature layering.(according to the analysis-by-synthesis to ocean water temperature and Chinese a plurality of deep water storehouse water temperature, temperature difference tower water level is in about 150 meters of height, and bottom pressure can be cooled to about 12 ℃ with bottom water.) when temperature is higher than 15 ℃, starts fan 3 and make blows air over bottom radiating tube 2, the water at low temperature of bottom can absorb the air heat, because of the high pressure compressed heat release heat is passed to upper water again.Bottom water remains low temperature because being in high pressure conditions, the heat of the air that sustainable absorption fan 3 is blown into also is passed to upper water, and temperature difference tower upper water temperature is raise.Start pump 8 driving catalyst carriers and circulate, just can make the heat of tower upper water reach machine 5 (water heater, warming machine etc.) use.
In the running of this equipment; Water at low temperature passes to the top high-temperature water heat from the below, has consumed the part gravitional force of water, and after the reduction of bottom water temperature; Can absorb the heat of thermal source (air) again; Own vol is expanded, and increase the gravitional force of water, continue reverse heat transfer thereby can continue to compress bottom water.This is a process that continues, and the energy of consumption is actually from the heat of thermal source (air) and is transformed, and the energy that needs artificial supplementation only is the electric power that is used for keeping fan 3 and pump 8 runnings, and the energy consumption of this part is very little, so can be called " natural heat-obtaining ".
This temperature difference tower water can only be worked when temperature is higher than 15 ℃ during as working medium, if use the low liquid of other freezing points such as alcohol instead as working medium, can obtain lower temperature, also can work at low temp area.
2, series connection temperature difference tower
Obtain the temperature difference that can satisfy requirement of engineering with a temperature difference tower above, highly too high, build difficulty, benefit is lower.It is carried out transformation and optimization, just can obtain " series connection temperature difference tower " (as shown in Figure 2), obtain higher voltage as being together in series a plurality of baby batteries.
Like Fig. 2; Several tens meters high temperature difference towers 9, inwall is used the heat-barrier material manufacturing, and the heat dissipation metal pipe all is equipped with in top, bottom; The radiating tube 11 that connects preceding top of tower and back tower bottom with conduit 10 successively; Tower headed by naming successively by series sequence, two towers, three towers ..., last tower, each root conduit 10 is filled catalyst carrier for 11 li with corresponding radiating tube, with pump 12 drivings to circulate.
First tower bottom is installed radiating tube 2, imports and exports all outside and be equipped with fan 3.
Radiating tube 4 usefulness conduits 7 at last top of tower connect the radiating tube 6 of machine 5 the insides, and fill catalyst carrier, drive to circulate through pump 8.All pumps and fan are all used extraneous driven by power.
Stretch out a pipe 13 at the top of each temperature difference tower; Liquid working substance is filled with in the inside from pipe 13 toward temperature difference tower, and there is the bigger object of individual weight 14 pipe 13 tops, and piston-like is made in weight 14 bottoms; Put in pipe 13 and close working medium, the gravity of weight 14 all is pressed in makes high pressure on the working medium.
Suppose that pipe 13 internal diameters are 2 centimetres, the weight of weight 14 is double centner, can produce about 2400 kPas pressure to the liquid working substance of pipe, is equivalent to 240 meters hydraulic pressure, and compression working medium makes its cooling.
Behind forward direction, the weight of the weight 14 of each tower reduces successively, and last tower is weighting material not.Adjust the weight of each tower weight thing 14, top of tower pressure is higher than back tower bottom pressure before making.
A plurality of so little temperature difference towers effect that is together in series can be equivalent to the high temperature difference tower of single hundreds of rice; Suppose that single 20 meters high temperature difference tower can make working medium top and the bottom, the inside produce the temperature difference of 6 degree; So several temperature difference towers are together in series and just can between first tower and Mo Ta, produce the temperature difference of tens degree, can satisfy living needs and requirement of engineering.
This equipment operation principle is to start each pump 12 and drive catalyst carrier, the temperature difference generation Overlay that each tower working medium is formed; First tower bottom working medium temperature is far below temperature; End top of tower working medium temperature starts fan 3, pump 8 far above temperature, and the working medium of first tower bottom constantly absorbs the air heat of fan-in; Pass to last top of tower working medium again, pass in the machine 5 (water heater, warming machine etc.) through conduit 7 again and use.The heat of its consumption is the heat energy of fan 3 inhaled airs.
The working medium of first tower can be selected alcohol for use in lower temperature work; The end tower working medium in higher temperature work, optional water or the high liquid of other boiling points.The working medium of inter-chamber tower is selected suitable liquid for use according to temperature conditions.
Each root radiating tube is with the metal material manufacturing that can conduct heat, and each root conduit wraps up with heat-barrier material with heat-barrier material manufacturing or outer wall,
If the import and export of radiating tube 2 are inserted in seawater, the rivers and lakes water, make fan 3 into pump, just can change the heat energy that absorbs seawater, rivers and lakes water into and utilize.Conduit 7 also can be used heat pipe instead to improve heat transfer efficiency with conduit 10.
More than " temperature difference tower " and " series connection the temperature difference tower " be to utilize " high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " to obtain the basic device of the heat energy of thermals source such as air, seawater, rivers and lakes water; With these two devices is core component; Can make various machines, building, electrical equipment to be applied to productive life, below its concrete application for example.
3, high pressure natural air conditioner
Like Fig. 3, the temperature difference of will connecting tower couples together by drawing with conduit 15 and indoor set 16, off-premises station 17, four-way switching valve 18.As its name suggests, indoor set 16 is positioned at indoor, and off-premises station 17 is positioned at outdoor, forms by radiating tube 19, fan 20, pump 21.In radiating tube 2, radiating tube 4, radiating tube 11, conduit 15, radiating tube 19, be full of catalyst carrier (like water, alcohol etc.), pump 21 drives catalyst carrier and circulates.Fan and pump are all used external driven by power.Just can obtain the high pressure natural air conditioner.
Its operation logic is: start pump 12, make the first tower bottom working medium of series connection temperature difference tower temperature be lower than temperature, last top of tower working medium temperature is higher than temperature.
In the time of need heating to room 22, conversion four-way switching valve 18 makes the conduit of indoor set 16 link to each other with the conduit of last top of tower radiating tube 4, and the conduit of off-premises station 17 is linked to each other with the conduit of first tower bottom radiating tube 2.Start fan 20, pump 21, the heat that temperature difference tower just can the absorption chamber outer air is sent in the room 22, heats to the room.
In the time of need freezing to room 22, conversion four-way switching valve 18 makes the conduit of off-premises station 17 link to each other with the conduit of last top of tower radiating tube 4, and the conduit of indoor set 16 is linked to each other with the conduit of first tower bottom radiating tube 2.Start fan 20, pump 21, the heat that temperature difference tower just can absorb room 22 air is sent to outdoor, freezes for room 22.
The high pressure natural air conditioner can be used for heating of large-scale place or refrigeration such as freezer, warm storehouse, market, large-scale residential buildings.
4, air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermals can turbine
Since temperature difference tower makes the layering of working medium formation temperature, so, with reference to the principle of ocean temperature differential power; Utilize made upper and lower temperature difference; Make low-boiling point liquid (like ammonia, freon) high temperature place boiling on top, the low temperature place condensation in the bottom just can produce pressure differential and promote turbine operation.
Like Fig. 4; By above-mentioned mounted series connection temperature difference tower; Increase by one group of radiating tube 23 at first tower bottom; There is a turbine 25 outside, with turbine working medium circulation pipe 24 last top of tower radiating tube 4, first tower radiating tube 23, turbine 25 is coupled together, and loads the lower liquid of boiling point (like ammonia, freon) therein.
Its operation logic is: start fan 3, pump 12, make first tower bottom working medium be in low-temperature condition, last top of tower working medium is in the condition of high temperature.Turbine working medium (like ammonia, the freon) boiling of in radiating tube 4, being heated, pressure raises; And in radiating tube 23, meet cold coagulating, pressure reduces, and produces pressure differential and promotes turbine 25 runnings.
So, just can drive the other machines running with turbine, the energy of consumption is the heat energy of fan 3 inhaled airs.
Be illustrated as the turbine that utilizes air heat energy,, make fan 3 into pump, just can change the heat energy that absorbs seawater, rivers and lakes water into and drive turbine if the import and export of radiating tube 2 are inserted in seawater, the rivers and lakes water.
5, air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermals can the power station
If with above-mentioned air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermals can drive generator by turbine, just can bring generating, this will be the most great application of the present invention.Like Fig. 5, increase a generator 27, link with turbine 23, just can generate electricity, the method for operation basically as above-mentioned air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermals can turbine.This power station absorbs the heat energy power-generating of air, seawater, rivers and lakes water, almost can build the earth in Anywhere, and need not add fuel.
6, working medium and other materials are selected
Can find out that from operation logic the critical component of high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment and material are the working medium of the first tower of temperature difference tower the inside.Available working medium must have following characteristics: in the course of the work; All the time be liquid; Density reduces with temperature and increases, and temperature is lower than 8 ℃ (normal temperature that is lower than air, seawater, rivers and lakes water is beneficial to heat absorption) when reaching maximal density, and vapourizing temperature must be higher than 50 ℃ under the high pressure.
According to the lateral confinement compression modulus of liquid, the coefficient of volume expansion situation of change with temperature level, can draw, the temperature of the temperature of this working medium during more near its maximal density, it is just high more to make it compress needed pressure.Its temperature when maximal density of used working medium is low more, and the temperature that working medium can reach under the high pressure is just low more.Its variations in temperature is big more during used working medium variable density, and operating efficiency is just high more.
About 4 ℃ of temperature during the water maximal density is not suitable for as first tower working medium.The freezing point of alcohol is-114.1 ℃, and the coefficient of volume expansion is higher, and the amplitude that density changes with variations in temperature is than suitable working fluid greatly.Also can use other more suitably working medium, this needs follow-up study.
Catalyst carrier moves at low-pressure state, can select water, alcohol, calcium chloride solution etc. for use, and miscellaneous part all can be selected the common material that adapts for use.
7, other embodiments
Above-mentioned " temperature difference tower " and " series connection temperature difference tower " is core apparatus of the present invention; And the high pressure natural air conditioner of making based on this device, air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermal can turbine, air seawater the rivers and lakes hydro-thermal can the power station be preferable application mode; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any change, modification, substitute, combination, simplify the structure parts based on " high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle "; Be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment; It is characterized in that: utilize " high pressure nature heat-obtaining principle " from thermals source such as air, seawater, rivers and lakes water, to draw heat energy in order to usefulness; This principle is: increase with density based on its vertical temperature of some liquid and reduce with some liquid and can only transmit this two physical characteristics to heat from lower to upper, in heat insulation, highly higher liquid refrigerant all around, working medium is under self gravitation or external force effect; Cause is the spontaneous generation density contrast of pressure difference and the temperature difference up and down; The low temperature place absorbs heat with the working medium bottom, and is delivered to the release of high temperature place, top, for utilization.
2. high pressure according to claim 1 nature heat-obtaining equipment is characterized in that: working medium must be to absorb heat in its underpart, and on top release heat.
3. high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the low temperature position passes to the top high temperature position liquid refrigerant from the below with heat; The additional energy that this diabatic process consumes, the gravitional force that reduces because of volume-diminished when being the working medium pressurized.
4. high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: working medium is liquid at work all the time.
5. high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: behind equipment operation, the working medium bottom is in high pressure conditions all the time.
6. high pressure nature heat-obtaining equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: utilize the gravity of working medium self or external force that working medium is formed high pressure, behind equipment operation, need not consume additional energy for the high pressure conditions that produces or keep working medium.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210062869XA CN102538264A (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2012-03-12 | High-pressure natural heating equipment |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210062869XA CN102538264A (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2012-03-12 | High-pressure natural heating equipment |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |