CN102535386B - System for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine - Google Patents
System for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102535386B CN102535386B CN2011104340738A CN201110434073A CN102535386B CN 102535386 B CN102535386 B CN 102535386B CN 2011104340738 A CN2011104340738 A CN 2011104340738A CN 201110434073 A CN201110434073 A CN 201110434073A CN 102535386 B CN102535386 B CN 102535386B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for controlling the high-flow water flow of a centrifugal machine, which is characterized in that water storage tanks are outdoor large-volume water storage tanks arranged in high positions. The system is internally provided with a water holding ring which is an annular water channel; the annular water channel is arranged around a large-arm rotating shaft of the centrifugal machine, and the annular water channel and the centrifugal machine are arranged concentrically and rotate together; the water in the large-volume water storage tanks is injected in to the annular water channel through water pipes; the water outlet of the annular water channel is connected with a model box of a centrifugal model through a pipe; a water injecting pipe of the annular water channel is internally provided with a control valve; a connecting pipe between the water outlet of the annular water channel and the model box is internally provided with a flow meter; the output of the flow meter is connected with a control computer; and the control computer is used for controlling the opening degree of the control valve. The system is fixed on the ground water supplying pipe and is not in hardware contract with the water holding ring which rotates at high speed, thus the problems of friction and leakage are avoided. Control valves can be controlled to discharge the water with a set flow value, and the water can be directly injected into the water holding ring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig be applied on centrifuge, be specifically related to a kind of device of system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine, be specially adapted to earth and rockfill dam dam break centrifugal model test system, burst and destroy centrifugal model test research for carrying out earth and rockfill dam, under running up condition, centrifuge provide current lasting, large flow to meet with the severe events such as the unrestrained top of current or dam body piping by homogeneous dam, core wall dam and face dam model, to study their process of bursting and failure mechanism.Easily meet with the current erosion attack for river dike etc., or the structure relevant to fluctuation in stage, also can utilize this system and device simulated test current, carry out centrifugal model test research.
Background technology
Reservoir dam also exists the risk of bursting when to the mankind, bringing tremendous economic and social benefit.No matter which kind of causes the calamity factor, and the final form of expression of large dam breaking is unrestrained top or piping.According to statistics, the whole world is bursting because unrestrained top causes [1] of 30% earth and rockfill dam approximately, and China has burst ratio that earth and rockfill dam causes due to unrestrained top up to [2] more than 50%.Due to the defect of dam body, the dam foundation itself or the impact of wearing the dam building, seepage failure is also the common a kind of mode of failure of earth and rockfill dam in addition, and wherein failure by piping occupies significant proportion.No matter be that the dam break that unrestrained top or piping cause destroys, all belong to catastrophic failure, sudden due to them, be difficult to obtain from scene complete destructive process and data, therefore, must carry out burst mechanism and crevasse evolution that model testing could be grasped them, thereby correct Prediction crevasse discharge curve and dam break cause the calamity consequence, for researching and developing dam break, monitoring and warning technology and the major natural disasters integrated risk analysis assessment technology of the major natural disasters such as dangerous situation of breaching a dyke provide foundation, to ensure public safety.
The most representative IMPACT project [1-2] that should count the late 1990s European Community of earth and rockfill dam dam-break experiments research, this project has been carried out 5 height of dam 4 ~ 6m entity dam field trials altogether and 22 groups of indoor little guides are tested (model scale 1:10 ~ 1:7.5).China is after Banqiao reservoir dam break in 1975, also carry out a large amount of earth and rockfill dam dam-break experiments [3-4], the most representatively should count entity dam dam-break experiments and the 34 groups of indoor little guide dam-break experiments that maximum height of dam that Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute carries out in 2008 reaches 9.7m.Entity dam dam-break experiments is undoubtedly best bet, but generally is difficult to search out suitable test site, and testing expenses are high, consuming time longer, and along with the increase of height of dam, it is very difficult that the risk control of test will become simultaneously.Because the gravity of this class engineering structure of earth and rockfill dam self is its main active force, the stress-strain relation of dam material shows as non-linear simultaneously, and indoor little guide dam break model testing, be not only that moulded dimension is little, the more important thing is that stress level and prototype guide have a long way to go, the reasonability of its test result can not be convincing.But the high acceleration by it is provided that centrifuge runs up, can promote the stress level in scale model, make itself and prototype in full accord.In other words, the model testing of carrying out under centrifuge runs up condition, can overcome the defect that indoor small scaled model is tested.Yet at this moment needing provides current to the model run up.
The High Rotation Speed of centrifuge and huge centrifugal action make to model provides the current of the especially large flow of current to become very difficult.The following two kinds of modes of main employing supply water to operating centrifuge modelling test at present:
First kind of way, be by hydraulic rotary joint, outside current offered to the centrifugal model of high-speed cruising, and this is the simplest a kind of current supplying method.Although having solved the centrifuge High Rotation Speed, hydraulic rotary joint bring current to connect a difficult problem, but because swivel joint is crossed easily corrosion after water, add in swivel joint the not rotation wearing and tearing between moving part and movement parts, finally cause the swivel joint break-in not close, the phenomenons such as infiltration water clock occur.For above-mentioned reasons, swivel joint is not long application life, have more than is neededly how long lost efficacy, therefore, this method only in early days centrifuge build in application wider, nowadays less use.Yet swivel joint can only provide the current of low discharge, usually in 5 l/min～10 l/min left and right, can not meet earth and rockfill dam and burst and destroy the flow condition of centrifugal model test.
The second way, be to carry water tank to store a certain amount of water in the centrifuge of rotation, then connect electromagnetic valve or disposable thermoelectricity thawing switch valve, provides current to model when needed.If in the model downstream, a water storage tank and a water pump are set again, can collect the test current, and the water in lower header is promoted in upper water box again, realize the test water circulation.The advantage of this method has been to avoid the current switching difficulty that the High Rotation Speed of centrifuge brings, but the volume of water tank is always limited, and incidental water pump need bear huge centrifugal force because of High Rotation Speed, and the performance of its performance is extremely restricted.Simultaneously, because the marked change meeting of the water body weight in inner water storage tank has a strong impact on the balance of centrifuge, to safe operation formation grave danger of centrifuge.
For example, Chengdu Univ. of Science & Technology [5] has developed a set of water flow control system in 1991 on thermoelectricity coupling effect basis, and this system is regulated by electric current, and maximum can provide the current of flow 25 l/min.Chinese Water Conservancy research institute [6] in 2009, developed a set of can be in model casing the water flow control system of periodical feeding, this system is comprised of whirlpool water pump, model casing, settling tank etc.The whirlpool water pump drives with submersible motor, can under the 30g condition, work, and maximum stream flow is about 50 l/min, and has carried out the centrifugal model test research of earth and rockfill dam Dam Break Problems.
Two kinds of centrifuge water flow apparatus to sum up, no matter be the commercial swivel joint that centrifuge rotating shaft center is installed, also be mounted in that centrifuge rotates on large arm and hanging basket in disposable water supply installation or periodical feeding device, the discharge that they provide is all in 50 l/min.And in low high earth and rockfill dam desired current while bursting centrifugal model test, its traffic requirement reaches 600 l/min～3000 l/min, therefore, they all can not meet the needs of experiment.
In other words, the water flow apparatus of existing geotechnical centrifuge has the following disadvantages: A. is in the first way of supplying water, current switching device between model from ground to the High Rotation Speed is swivel joint, and the wearing and tearing between its fixture and revolving part and leakage problems are difficult to be solved; B. in the second way of supplying water, be fixed on the water storage of the large arm upper water box of centrifuge limited, be placed in water pump in centrifugal basket owing to bearing centrifugal force function and inefficiency; C. which kind of way of supplying water no matter, the water flow provided is all in less than 50 l/min, and earth and rockfill dam bursts, centrifugal model test need to provide the test current of large flow, both greatly differ from each other.
List of references
Morris?M?W.?IMPACT,?investigation?of?extreme?flood?processes?and?uncertainty,?final?technical?report[EB/OL].?http://www.samui.co.uk/impact-project/general-publications.htm.
Morris?M?W,?Hassan?M,?Vaskinn?K?A.?Conclusions?and?recommendations?from?the?IMPACT?project?WP2:?Breach?formation[EB/OL].?http://www.sam?ui.co.uk/impact-project/?wp2-technical.htm.
Li?Yun,?Wang?Xiao-gang，Xuan?Guo-xiang?et?al.?The?effect?of?sediment?size?and?face?slope?on?breach?formation?of?non-cohesive?homogeneous?embankments?failed?by?overtopping[C]?Cai?Yuebo.International?conference?on?dam?safety?management.?Nanjing:?Nanjing?University?Press.?2008:?221-232.
Zhang?Jian-yun,?Li?Yun,?Xuan?Guo-xiang.?et?al.?Overtopping?breaching?of?cohesive?homogeneous?earth?dam?with?different?cohesive?strength[J].?Science?in?China?Series?E:?Technological?Sciences,?2009,?52?(10):?3024-3029.
Limin?Zhang?&?Ting?Hu.?Development?of?a?water?control?facility?for?centrifugal?model?Tests.?Centrifuge91.?1991.?527-530.
Wang Qiusheng, the centrifugal model test of earth and rockfill dam Dam Break Problems research, post-doctor's report of setting off, China Water Resources & Hydropower Science Research Institute, in February, 2010.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned defect in view of prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine, the present invention can provide the current of large flow in realizing earth and rockfill dam dam break centrifugal model test, can meet earth and rockfill dam and burst and destroy the flow condition of centrifugal model test.Prioritization scheme of the present invention also will solve following problem simultaneously: (1) sets up suitable water flow control system in former centrifuge system, and the water yield that this system should be able to continue to provide enough in the dam-break experiments process is carried out erosion to dam body; (2) advanced data and image capturing system are set, when Measurement of Dam is burst, crevasse discharge process and multi-angle catch and shoot with video-corder the overall process of bursting of earth and rockfill dam; (3) current that delivery port flows out can not damage the centrifuge foundation ditch, and can discharge in time; (4) system can work under the effect of high centrifugal acceleration condition and high speed mud-rock flow.
The technical scheme that completes the foregoing invention task is: a kind of system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine is provided, it is characterized in that, described storage tank adopts the large volume water storage tank outdoor, that height is put; Be provided with the water receiving ring in native system, this water receiving ring is an annular water tank, and this annular water tank is installed on around the large arm pivoted position of centrifuge, with the centrifuge macro-axis is concentric, arrange, and rotation together; Water in described large volume water storage tank injects this annular water tank by pipeline; The delivery port of this annular water tank is connected by pipeline with the model casing in described centrifugal model; In the connecting pipe of described large volume water storage tank and annular water tank water inlet, be provided with by-pass valve control; In connecting pipe between described annular water tank delivery port and model casing, be provided with flow meter, the output of this flow meter connects the control computer, controls the opening degree that computer is controlled described by-pass valve control.
The present invention has following prioritization scheme;
1, described large volume water storage tank outdoor, that height is put is arranged on centrifuge unit room top; Described " large volume " is for carrying water tank in centrifuge: because the water storage tank in the present invention is not subject to the restriction of space and installation question, this water storage tank can be done very greatly in theory; In actual enforcement, be, according to experiment, the size of its volume to be set.
2, described large volume water storage tank outdoor, that height is put is to arrange a plurality ofly, after the pipeline parallel connection, by a major diameter feed pipe, injects described annular water tank;
3, described by-pass valve control refers to: a plurality of water tanks in parallel in described outdoor, large volume water storage tank that height is put are respectively equipped with control ball valve separately; Described total pipeline is provided with the control butterfly valve;
4, be provided with data and the image capturing system of multi-angle in the centrifugal model of dam-break experiments, when Measurement of Dam is burst, crevasse discharge process and multi-angle catch and shoot with video-corder the overall process of bursting of earth and rockfill dam;
5, the water outlet of described annular water tank is provided with the buffering net;
6, the model casing at the dam-break experiments centrifugal model is provided with the discharge opening with flow meter; Wherein the output of flow meter connects the control computer; Described discharge opening connects header tank; This header tank is provided with low-lift pump, and this low-lift pump is discharged to sewerage by controlling computer control by the water in header tank.
The present invention has adopted new thinking and structure design, manufactures a kind of Novel centrifuge water flow apparatus, significantly promotes water supply capacity, has increased the flow value of test current, thus burst centrifugal model test desired current needs of low earth and rockfill dam in meeting.At present, the current of this covering device can reach the flow of 600 l/min～3000 l/min, in the centrifugal model test of high acceleration, also can further heighten the flow value of test current.
In view of existing various centrifugal model water flow apparatus only can provide the current of low discharge, can not meet the requirement of the centrifugal model of earth and rockfill dam Dam Break Problems to the test current, the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new centrifuge water flow apparatus of water receiving ring concept.This device by outdoor large volume water storage tank, be installed on large upper-arm circumference water receiving ring, header tank water discharging part and pipeline and flow meter etc. around the shaft and form.Wherein the water receiving ring is core, and it is accepted from the outdoor current of centrifuge machine, carries and is passed in centrifugal model, realizes that the transition of the centrifuge current from the surface flow to the High Rotation Speed connects.
New water flow apparatus of the present invention has following advantage:
A. in order to allow test current smooth delivery of power in the model of High Rotation Speed, this programme has proposed water receiving ring thinking with being bold in innovation: the water receiving ring (being annular water tank) that allows current directly make a bet from centrifuge unit room top and to rotate at a high speed.Owing to contacting without hardware between the water receiving ring that fixes water pipe and High Rotation Speed on the ground, therefore, there are not wearing and tearing and leakage problems between fixture and revolving part.
B. the upstream extremity of this programme adopts outdoor roof a plurality of large volume water storage tank relay pumping, and the major diameter feed pipe lays to the centrifuge unit room always and pushes up.In this position, the butterfly valve of controlling the rate of discharge size is installed.Open this valve, control aperture, can discharge the current of setting flow value, and directly inject the water receiving ring.
C. because the water receiving ring transmits in water flow process, without hardware, contact, the water delivery flow is not subject to the contact restriction, and depends on the discharge capacity of water receiving ring.For given centrifuge speed, water receiving ring cross section is larger, and discharge capacity is also larger.
D. this programme catchments and drainage system downstream being provided with, and the water outlet of model downstream is let out to the centrifuge machine room floor under can be directly, then by ground, notch is set and confluxes to the header tank that is arranged in lower floor's machine hole.Many large flow submersible water pumps are installed in header tank, and water level arrives desired location, and submersible pump starts automatically, and ponding is discharged.
E. due at the outdoor test water source that provides of centrifuge machine, therefore, just, without on the large arm of centrifuge, water storage tank being set in addition, this safe operation to centrifuge is very useful.Because the marked change meeting of the water body weight in inner water storage tank has a strong impact on the balance of centrifuge, to safe operation formation grave danger of centrifuge.
The system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute that utilized the design to build, the current of large flow are provided by this system, 3 groups of homogeneous dam, 6 groups of core wall dams and the centrifugal model test of 1 group of panel panel gravel dam-break have been completed, the highest centrifugal acceleration reaches 100 g, the current of maximum output model 50l/s, be equivalent to prototype 500m3/s current.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The basic block diagram that Fig. 1 is system.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively lateral view and the top view of water receiving ring structure.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the 400gt of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3: system mainly comprises: as outside water box and respective line, water receiving ring, the model at water source, current are imported to pipeline, other water-proof drainage facilities of model.The flow of system is controlled by butterfly valve and flow meter.
Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, water receiving ring 9 main bodys are annular, must be fixing with the coaxial installation of centrifuge macro-axis.Top is opened wide, and can catch the current from water source water filling port 17.Side makes a delivery port 16, and connecting line is derived current.Water receiving ring 9 use stiffeners 18 are reinforced.And be aided with thick rubber tile 19.Be stamped blind flange 20 on it.
Claims (5)
1. system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine in the centrifugal model of a dam-break experiments, is characterized in that, described storage tank adopts the large volume water storage tank outdoor, that height is put; Be provided with the water receiving ring in native system, this water receiving ring is an annular water tank, and this annular water tank is installed on around the large arm pivoted position of centrifuge, with centrifuge is concentric, arrange, and rotation together; Water in described large volume water storage tank injects this annular water tank by pipeline; The delivery port of this annular water tank is connected by pipeline with the model casing in described centrifugal model; Described large volume water storage tank is provided with by-pass valve control in the filling pipe of annular water tank; Be provided with flow meter in connecting pipe between described annular water tank delivery port and model casing, the output of this flow meter connects the control computer, controls the opening degree that computer is controlled described by-pass valve control;
Described large volume water storage tank outdoor, that height is put is to arrange a plurality ofly, after the pipeline parallel connection, by a major diameter feed pipe, injects described annular water tank;
Described by-pass valve control refers to: a plurality of water tanks in parallel in described outdoor, large volume water storage tank that height is put are respectively equipped with control ball valve separately; Described major diameter feed pipe is provided with the control butterfly valve.
2. system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine in the centrifugal model of dam-break experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described large volume water storage tank outdoor, that height is put is arranged on centrifuge unit room top.
3. system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine in the centrifugal model of dam-break experiments according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with data and the image capturing system of multi-angle in the centrifugal model of dam-break experiments, when Measurement of Dam is burst, crevasse discharge process and multi-angle catch and shoot with video-corder the overall process of bursting of earth and rockfill dam.
4. system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine in the centrifugal model of dam-break experiments according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water outlet of described annular water tank is provided with the buffering net.
5. according to system for controlling high-flow water flow of centrifugal machine in the centrifugal model of one of claim 1-4 described dam-break experiments, it is characterized in that, the model casing of dam-break experiments centrifugal model is provided with the discharge opening with flow meter; Wherein the output of flow meter connects the control computer; Described discharge opening connects header tank; This header tank is provided with low-lift pump, and this low-lift pump is controlled by controlling computer, and the water in header tank is discharged to sewerage.
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| CN103233484B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-11-19 | 北京工业大学 | Circulating water supply system for centrifugal model testing and usage method thereof |
| CN103279142B (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-06-29 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | A kind of load test intelligent control water tank loading method |
| CN106373476A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 上海交通大学 | Rotary flume test device for making small debris flow |
| CN109883647B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-08-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and device for dynamically measuring dam break evolution process |
| CN115184461B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-06-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Centrifugal test device and method for core wall dam break |
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