CN102528271A - Method for improving mechanical property of FSW (friction stir welding) magnesium alloy joint - Google Patents

Method for improving mechanical property of FSW (friction stir welding) magnesium alloy joint Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102528271A
CN102528271A CN2012100183963A CN201210018396A CN102528271A CN 102528271 A CN102528271 A CN 102528271A CN 2012100183963 A CN2012100183963 A CN 2012100183963A CN 201210018396 A CN201210018396 A CN 201210018396A CN 102528271 A CN102528271 A CN 102528271A
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magnesium alloy
alloy plate
friction stir
joint
grain orientation
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辛仁龙
刘德佳
李波
刘庆
周正
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the mechanical property of an FSW (friction stir welding) magnesium alloy joint. The method comprises the steps as follows: 1), a magnesium alloy plate is taken and is rolled, compressed or forged until the grain orientations in the magnesium alloy plate are consistent, and the grain orientations in the magnesium alloy plate is detected through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) or backscattered-electron diffraction (BSED) to obtain a magnesium alloy plate 1 of which the grain orientation is trimmed; 2), the magnesium alloy plate 1 is cut to obtain magnesium alloy plates 2 of which the grain orientations form included angles with the horizontal surface of the magnesium alloy plate respectively; and 3), and the two magnesium alloy plates 2 are butt-welded in an FSW method to obtain a magnesium alloy FSW joint with an excellent mechanical property. According to the method, before FSW, the grain orientation of the transition area of the joint is improved by adjusting the initial grain orientation of magnesium alloy, so that the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy joint is improved greatly, and the strength of the joint is close to that of base metal to ensure the application of magnesium alloy FSW piece.

Description

Improve the method for friction Stir magnesium alloy joint mechanical property
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to welding technology field, and is particularly a kind of through the initial grain orientation of adjustment, improves the method for friction Stir magnesium alloy joint mechanical property.
Background technology
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid phase interconnection technique patent of Britain's institute of welding invention in 1991; Its method is to be inserted the seam crossing of welded piece by the mixing needle of a given shape; Rotate at a high speed through stirring-head; Make the shaft shoulder and mixing needle and welded piece take place that friction generates heat, be soldered the part material temperature softening thermoplasticity state that reaches that raises thereby make, plastic flowing takes place in the materials to be welded of nearly seam district thermoplasticity state under the rotation stirring action of mixing needle; And, and under shaft shoulder upsetting force, accomplish the process of welding along welding direction generation relative motion.
At present, friction stir welding (FSW) has been widely used in magnesium alloy, has also applied for a large amount of patents about the friction Stir magnesium alloy simultaneously.For example " a kind of friction stir welding method of cut deal AZ31 magnesium alloy " (application number: 201010240914.7), introduced a kind of technology and method of suitable cut deal AZ31 magnesium alloy friction Stir.But people find when research magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint mechanical property; The mechanical property of magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint generally is lower than the magnesium alloy mother metal; Especially has the magnesium alloy mother metal that forges tissue; Its bond strength has only the 60-80% of mother metal, has had a strong impact on the application of magnesium alloy friction stir welding fitting.At present, a large amount of scholars are occupied in the research that how to improve magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint mechanical property aspect.But the method that most of scholar adopts is the adjustment welding condition, the input of control sweating heat, and postwelding obtains the small grains tissue, improves the mechanical property of joint.Though this method has certain effect, because the friction Stir magnesium alloy lacks a cover technological standards, so the adjustment welding condition need be passed through a large amount of trial property tests, this not only requires a great deal of time, and has also increased financial cost.
Discover that formation has the grainiess of specific orientation easily in the magnesium alloy plastic deformation process, promptly forms texture.The formation of texture will have a strong impact on the mechanical property of material, make the performance decline of metal material can reach 20%-50%.The friction Stir magnesium alloy; Especially has the magnesium alloy that forges tissue; Strength of joint generally is lower than the magnesium alloy mother metal, one of them very important reasons be exactly in the process of friction Stir, form a kind of specific grain orientation easily; This being oriented in is convenient to take place the slippage cracking in the loading process, thereby reduced the mechanical property of magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency in the background technology; Patent of the present invention has proposed to improve the method for friction Stir magnesium alloy joint mechanical property, and this method is before friction Stir, through the initial grain orientation of adjustment magnesium alloy; Improve the grain orientation of joint transitional region; Improve the mechanical property of magnesium alloy joint greatly, make the intensity of joint and mother metal approaching, to guarantee the application of magnesium alloy friction stir welding fitting.
The described technical scheme of patent of the present invention is that the method for raising friction Stir magnesium alloy joint mechanical property has following steps:
1) gets magnesium alloy plate; Consistent through rolling or compression or the grain orientation that forges to the magnesium alloy plate; Measure grain orientation in the magnesium alloy plate with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) or EBSD analysis, obtain through putting grain-oriented magnesium alloy plate 1 in order;
2) cut magnesium alloy plate 1, obtain forming between the horizontal surface of grain orientation and magnesium alloy plate the magnesium alloy plate 2 of angle;
3) use the friction Stir method, two magnesium alloy plates 2 of butt joint welding, the magnesium alloy friction stir welding of acquisition good mechanical performance.
Step 2) described angle is 0-90 °.
The tensile strength of magnesium alloy friction stir welding is preferably the time, and the angle between the grain orientation of magnesium alloy plate 2 and this sheet material horizontal surface is 0 ° or 90 °.
Magnesium alloy friction stir welding percentage elongation is preferably the time, and the angle between the grain orientation of magnesium alloy plate 2 and this sheet material horizontal surface is 45 °.
Adopt the good mechanical property of the inventive method gained magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint, near mother metal tensile strength or near mother metal percentage elongation (degree of closeness reaches mother metal tensile strength or percentage elongation more than 90%).
Joint mechanical property of the present invention is yield strength and/or ultimate tensile strength and/or maximum percentage elongation.
Cutting can obtain the optimum value of different mechanical properties during magnesium alloy plate as required, and adjustment magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane and its cross section intergranule angle, said angle are 0 to spend any angle between spending to 90.
Patent of the present invention compared with prior art has following remarkable result:
1. adjust the initial texture of magnesium alloy mother metal; The grain orientation in control magnesium alloy friction Stir zone; Make the postwelding joint obtain desirable mechanical property, the mechanical property that solves the magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint is lower than the problem of magnesium alloy mother metal, and using value is big.
2. the method for the initial texture of adjustment magnesium alloy mother metal is simply effective, and with low cost.
3. device therefor is simply common, and cost is lower, is easy to promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut with the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between different angles obtain the sketch map of magnesium alloy plate 2;
Fig. 2 be in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between angle cross section grain orientation sketch map in the resultant magnesium alloy plate 2 when being 0 °;
Fig. 3 be in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between angle cross section grain orientation sketch map in the resultant magnesium alloy plate 2 when being 45 °;
Fig. 4 be in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between angle cross section grain orientation sketch map in the resultant magnesium alloy plate 2 when being 90 °;
Fig. 5 be in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between angle when being 0 ° during resultant magnesium alloy plate 2, each regional grain orientation sketch map of FSW joint;
Fig. 6 be in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between angle when being 45 ° during resultant magnesium alloy plate 2, each regional grain orientation sketch map of FSW joint;
Fig. 7 be in magnesium alloy plate 1, cut and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal surface between angle when being 90 ° during resultant magnesium alloy plate 2, each regional grain orientation sketch map of FSW joint.
The specific embodiment
Before friction Stir; Magnesium alloy plate is carried out plastic deformation,, the mixed and disorderly grain orientation of script is put in order like rolling or compression or forging; Survey the magnesium alloy plate grain orientation with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) or EBSD analysis, make its grain orientation all consistent.For example pass through the sheet material after rolling, have stronger basal plane texture, promptly the C axle is parallel to ND (normal) direction.
In cutting pass or compression or during the magnesium alloy plate 1 after forging; According to magnesium alloy plate cross section grain orientation sheet material is cut; To guarantee becoming certain included angle between magnesium alloy plate cross section crystal grain and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane, shown in accompanying drawing 1, it is 90 ° as if grain orientation and the sheet material horizontal plane established among Fig. 1; When cutting is that can make grain orientation and sheet material horizontal plane is 90 ° along the cutting of the horizontal direction of sheet material; When cutting is that horizontal direction along sheet material is the cutting of 45 direction, can make grain orientation and sheet material horizontal plane is 45 °; When cutting is that horizontal direction along sheet material is 90 ° of vertical direction cuttings, can make grain orientation and sheet material horizontal plane is 0 °.With grain orientation and sheet material horizontal plane is that 90 ° magnesium alloy plate 1 is an example, when cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 is the horizontal direction cutting along sheet material, obtains magnesium alloy plate 2 for having typical basal plane texture, i.e. the parallel ND direction of C axle is shown in accompanying drawing 2; When cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 be with the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane between when becoming miter angle, obtain magnesium alloy plate 2 for grain orientation be the C axle from the ND direction to TD (laterally) direction deflection miter angle, shown in accompanying drawing 3; When cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 be with the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane between when becoming 90 to spend angles, obtain magnesium alloy plate 2 and be parallel to the TD direction for the C axle, shown in accompanying drawing 4 for grain orientation.,, can obtain having the magnesium alloy plate 2 of specific die orientation as above-mentioned.Therefore through selecting the different angles between cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane, can change magnesium alloy plate 2 effectively is the initial grain orientation of welded blank, and obtains specific texture.
Above-mentioned magnesium alloy plate 2 is used the friction Stir method, and the butt joint welding can obtain the good welding point that is shaped.And because in the welded blank process; The welding point grain orientation changes; Make that each regional grain orientation of magnesium alloy weld joint is inequality; Magnesium alloy plate after the welding is divided into and comprises mother metal district (Base metal), hot mechanical influence district (TMAZ) and stirring area (SZ), if as when cutting when being 0 degree angle between magnesium alloy plate 1 and the sheet material horizontal plane, each regional grain orientation sketch map is as shown in Figure 5; Wherein scheme middle short line and be illustrated as magnesium alloy C axle, can know at mother metal district C axle to be parallel to the ND direction.Be an angle at the hot mechanical influence of transition region district C axle and TD direction, and stirring area C axle and ND, TD and WD (welding direction) (not providing stirring area C axle orientation sketch map among the figure) in a certain angle; When being miter angle between cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 and the sheet material horizontal plane; Each zone C axle orientation is as shown in Figure 6; The district is similar in the stirring area grain orientation at hot mechanical influence; But slightly different with all directions (ND, TD, WD) angle, but the crystal grain C axle in mother metal district from the ND direction to TD (laterally) direction deflection miter angle; When being an angle of 90 degrees between cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 and the sheet material horizontal plane; As shown in Figure 7; Hot mechanical influence district is similar with other two kinds of sheet material welding points with the distribution of stirring area C axle, and angle is different with all directions (ND, TD, WD), and C axle in mother metal district is parallel to the TD direction.
Because each regional grain orientation of welding point is different, welding point plastic deformation mechanism in drawing process is different, and causes gained yield strength, ultimate tensile strength different with maximum percentage elongation.When for example between cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 and sheet material horizontal plane, becoming 0 degree and an angle of 90 degrees, the stirring area crystallite dimension is very little, generally be difficult to ftracture, so the stirring area consideration is less.And become 90 degree and 0 degree respectively in mother metal district C axle and lateral pull direction; The Schmid factor of this moment is almost 0, is difficult to the cracking that stretches takes place, and maybe the twin compatible deformation will take place; Thereby obtain higher maximum tension performance, the tensile strength of magnesium alloy friction stir welding is best.And when becoming miter angle between cutting magnesium alloy plate 1 and the sheet material horizontal plane; Become 45 degree with the lateral pull direction at mother metal district C axle; Basal slip Schmid factor is maximum, is convenient to starting of basal slip, causes joint yield strength, hot strength lower; And maximum percentage elongation is bigger, and it is best to obtain magnesium alloy friction stir welding percentage elongation.
Therefore through the grain orientation of adjustment magnesium alloy plate 2, can improve each zone of joint and comprise mother metal district, stirring area, also comprise the grain orientation in the transition region instant heating mechanical influence district between stirring area and the mother metal.Improve the mechanical property that welding point comprises yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, maximum percentage elongation.And through the angle between being between adjustment magnesium alloy cross section grain orientation and the sheet material horizontal plane, its angle can be to spend to any angle between 90 degree 0, and obtains the optimum value of different mechanical properties.
Below be the practical implementation example that the inventor provides, patent of the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Choose the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 1 behind rolling arrangement grain orientation, become 90 degree angles between its grain orientation and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane, the magnesium alloy plate 1 and the horizontal plane of cutting is 0 degree; Obtain AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 2, adopt friction stir welding method with docking mode welded two thick be the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 2 of 6.0 mm, shaft shoulder diameter is 15 mm; The mixing needle diameter is 5mm; Length is 5.7 mm, and speed of welding is 600mm/min, and the stirring-head rotary speed is 1600 rpm.Through detecting, the magnesium alloy plate joint after the welding obtains ultimate tensile strength and reaches 241Mpa, almost waits by force with strength of parent (243Mpa), and rupturing occurs in mother metal, and solder bond efficient is 100%.Maximum percentage elongation is 20.5%, less than the maximum percentage elongation 26.5% of mother metal.
Embodiment 2
Choose the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 1 behind rolling arrangement grain orientation; Become 90 degree angles between its grain orientation and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane, the magnesium alloy plate 1 and the horizontal plane of cutting is 45 degree, obtains AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 2; Adopt friction stir welding method with docking mode welded two thick be the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 2 of 6.0 mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 15 mm, and the mixing needle diameter is 5 mm, and length is 5.7 mm.Speed of welding is 600 mm/min, and the stirring-head rotary speed is 1600 rpm.Through detecting, it is 212 Mpa that the magnesium alloy plate joint after the welding obtains ultimate tensile strength, and greater than strength of parent (204 Mpa), fracture occurs in mother metal, and solder bond efficient is 100%.Maximum percentage elongation is 35.5%, is slightly less than the maximum percentage elongation 36.9% of mother metal.
Embodiment 3
Choose the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 1 behind rolling arrangement grain orientation; Become 90 degree angles between its grain orientation and the magnesium alloy plate horizontal plane, the magnesium alloy plate 1 and the horizontal plane of cutting is 90 degree, obtains AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 2; Adopt friction stir welding method with docking mode welded two thick be the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate 2 of 6.0 mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 15 mm, and the mixing needle diameter is 5 mm, and length is 5.7 mm.Speed of welding is 600 mm/min, and the stirring-head rotary speed is 1600 rpm.Through detecting, it is 245 Mpa that the magnesium alloy plate joint after the welding obtains ultimate tensile strength, is slightly less than strength of parent (265 Mpa), and fracture occurs in the stirring area of joint advance side and the intersection in hot mechanical influence district, and solder bond efficient is 95%.Maximum percentage elongation is 26.7%, is slightly less than the maximum percentage elongation 28.6% of mother metal.

Claims (4)

1. method that improves friction Stir magnesium alloy joint mechanical property is characterized in that following steps are arranged:
1) gets magnesium alloy plate; Consistent through rolling or compression or the grain orientation that forges to the magnesium alloy plate; Measure grain orientation in the magnesium alloy plate with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) or EBSD analysis, obtain through putting grain-oriented magnesium alloy plate 1 in order;
2) cut magnesium alloy plate 1, obtain forming between the horizontal surface of grain orientation and magnesium alloy plate the magnesium alloy plate 2 of angle;
3) use the friction Stir method, two magnesium alloy plates 2 of butt joint welding, the magnesium alloy friction stir welding of acquisition good mechanical performance.
2. the method for raising friction Stir magnesium alloy joint mechanical property according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) described angle is 0-90 °.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when the tensile strength of magnesium alloy friction stir welding was good, the angle between the grain orientation of magnesium alloy plate 2 and this sheet material horizontal surface was 0 ° or 90 °.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when magnesium alloy friction stir welding percentage elongation was good, the angle between the grain orientation of magnesium alloy plate 2 and this sheet material horizontal surface was 45 °.
CN2012100183963A 2012-01-20 2012-01-20 Method for improving mechanical property of FSW (friction stir welding) magnesium alloy joint Pending CN102528271A (en)

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170050264A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2017-02-23 Constellium Issoire Improved structural elements obtained by linear friction welding
CN104668765B (en) * 2013-11-30 2017-03-15 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of welding method for eliminating the hook-shaped defect of Magnesium Alloy in Friction Stir lap joint
CN107570859A (en) * 2017-07-31 2018-01-12 江苏大学 A kind of Magnesium Alloy in Friction Stir welding process method
CN107639339A (en) * 2017-10-17 2018-01-30 常熟理工学院 Magnesium alloy plate and the method for copper alloy plate welding
CN109402540A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-01 江苏科技大学 A method of eliminating particle enhances AZ91D magnesium-based composite material dislocation
CN113061962A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-02 陕西科技大学 AZ31 magnesium alloy friction stir welding plate and method for improving performance of welding joint thereof
CN115055803A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-09-16 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Method for improving mechanical property and structure thermal stability of magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170050264A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2017-02-23 Constellium Issoire Improved structural elements obtained by linear friction welding
US10065266B2 (en) * 2013-06-26 2018-09-04 Constellium Issoire Structural elements obtained by linear friction welding
CN104668765B (en) * 2013-11-30 2017-03-15 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of welding method for eliminating the hook-shaped defect of Magnesium Alloy in Friction Stir lap joint
CN107570859A (en) * 2017-07-31 2018-01-12 江苏大学 A kind of Magnesium Alloy in Friction Stir welding process method
CN107639339A (en) * 2017-10-17 2018-01-30 常熟理工学院 Magnesium alloy plate and the method for copper alloy plate welding
CN109402540A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-01 江苏科技大学 A method of eliminating particle enhances AZ91D magnesium-based composite material dislocation
CN113061962A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-02 陕西科技大学 AZ31 magnesium alloy friction stir welding plate and method for improving performance of welding joint thereof
CN115055803A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-09-16 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Method for improving mechanical property and structure thermal stability of magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint

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Application publication date: 20120704