CN102523136A - Wireless sensor network data link layer protocol test method and system - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network data link layer protocol test method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless sensor network data link layer protocol test method, which includes the following steps: setting computing methods and data formats of test parameters and performance parameters according to test requirements; selecting route and transport protocol component combination according to the test parameters, configuring interlayer module connection, and compiling and generating a mirror image program; unloading the mirror image program to nodes, opening all the nodes, and acquiring node data through a serial port communication component; and monitoring network topology change and data flow direction through a network status monitoring component, and obtaining performance parameter values by analyzing final statistic data. The invention further comprises a data link layer protocol test system, which is suitable for data link layer protocol performance test based on TinyOS design, has good usability and universality, and remarkably improves test efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless sensor network field, particularly a kind of data link layer protocol performance test methods and system that adopts modularization thought.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is formed by being deployed in cheap microsensor nodes a large amount of in the monitored area; The network system of the self-organizing of a multi-hop that forms through communication; Its objective is in the perception of cooperation ground, collection and the processing network's coverage area by the information of perceptive object, and send to the observer.Compare with legacy network; Wireless sensor network complicated and changeable; Determined the difficulty in its exploitation, the maintenance: the system task on the macroscopic view will be accomplished through sharing out the work and helping one another of a large amount of microcosmic nodes, the microcosmic node data intercept and the monitoring of macro network state has very big difficulty.
Wireless sensor network adopts five layer protocol standards: application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, physical layer.Wherein, data link layer be responsible for mainly that channel inserts, the message transmissions of Control Node to the wireless sharing medium take and through one group of rule and process come more effectively, in order and the fair shared medium that uses to guarantee the overall performance of network.Its design quality is very big to the network performance influence.The data link layer design focal point is paid close attention to performances such as energy efficiency, time of delay, throughput.The conventional method step of data link layer protocol performance test is following:
A. set, revise debugging routine, compiling generates mirror image and manually uploads in the sensor node;
B. according to test request topological structure is set, builds meshed network, open node and collect data;
C. statistical disposition data obtained performance parameter values.
The shortcoming of said method mainly contains:
1. manually upload and be mirrored to node, it is many to repeat engineering, loses time;
2. topological structure is relevant with route, and the phase homeomorphism is set in the general test repeatedly, has reduced testing efficiency;
3. the node data acquisition mode is various, as passing through serial ports, the ethod of remittance, passing through to monitor node etc.;
4. the performance parameter computational methods are various, and have the inaccuracy algorithm;
5. not in place to the network state monitoring, can not in time note abnormalities.
In addition, for the wireless sensor network test macro, the MoteLab of Harvard University and the Kansei of Ohio State University are arranged typically.The both has made things convenient for the monitoring of network state and collection of experiment data to show, but there is very important weakness in they:
1. lack further processing or data-processing interface;
2. all be static network, dispose dumb;
3. application surface is narrow, lacks the support to the performance test of data link layer protocol.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to above-mentioned existing method of testing; A kind of data link layer protocol method of testing that adopts modularization thought is proposed; For the data link layer protocol test provides good versatility, ease for use, significantly improve testing efficiency.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing may further comprise the steps:
Steps A. according to the test request of data link layer protocol the computational methods of test parameter and data link layer protocol performance parameter, definition of data uploaded format are set;
Step B. selects route and host-host protocol combination of components according to the test parameter that steps A is provided with, and wireless communication protocol stack is built in being connected between configuration protocol stack route layer protocol and transport layer protocol assembly module, compiles the generation image program;
Step C. uploads to sensor node with the image program that step B generates, and all nodes in the open wireless sensor network are through the database of Serial Communication Component collector node storage to server end;
Step D. through network state monitoring assembly monitoring network change in topology, data flow, obtains the concrete numerical value of each protocol capabilities parameter in client through the protocol capabilities calculation method of parameters in the employing steps A.
As the further prioritization scheme of wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing of the present invention, in the steps A:
Said test parameter comprises: tinyos version, node type, number of nodes, node serial number interval, node coordinate position, topological structure, testing time;
Said protocol capabilities parameter comprises: energy consumption parameter, end-to-end delay and the throughput parameter of meshed network;
Described data upload form comprises: node local zone time, event type, bag type, node ID, source node ID, sending node ID, receiving node ID, packet number, life span, father node, link-quality and wakeup time.
As the further prioritization scheme of wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing of the present invention, the said protocol capabilities CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS of steps A method is:
Said energy consumption parameter is through adding up node respectively in transmission, acceptance, dormancy with intercept time of state, and multiplying each other with corresponding power then obtains;
Said end-to-end delay parameter obtains from time of source node and time difference to destination node through the calculated data bag;
The bag number that said throughput parameter is sent, received, transmits through computing node respectively, and obtain with the byte number of corresponding bag.
As the further prioritization scheme of wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing of the present invention; The said wireless communication protocol stack support of step B is based on the data link layer protocol performance test of TinyOS; Be made up of transport layer protocol assembly, route layer protocol assembly and data link layer protocol assembly, said transport layer protocol assembly and said route layer protocol assembly are that the data link layer protocol test provides the versatility support; Wherein:
Said transport layer protocol assembly is responsible for rate adaptation and Congestion Avoidance, and according to the meshed network message transmission rate, decision is adopted or do not adopted the WRCP protocol component, and concrete grammar is:
11) when message transmission rate in the network during, adopt the WRCP protocol component, recipient's capability model is applied to node greater than normal value;
12) when message transmission rate in the network during, do not adopt host-host protocol smaller or equal to normal value;
Said route layer protocol assembly is responsible for foundation, selection and the maintenance of route, and according to the meshed network topological structure, static routing or CTP protocol component are adopted in decision, and concrete grammar is:
21); When dynamic routing is in the large scale network scene; Adopt the CTP agreement that some root nodes that converge are set in network, node is set up one and is arrived a certain route that converges root node through selecting father node to jump as next with the mutual link quality estimation information of neighbor node exchange;
22) when dynamic routing is in common network scenarios, adopt static routing protocol through route implementing manually is set;
Said data link layer protocol assembly is made up of based on the New Deal of its exploitation the data link layer protocol of including test macro in and tester, wherein:
31) data link layer protocol of having included test macro in comprises: MLA, CSMA, LPL;
32) development procedure of said New Deal is:
A adopts modularization thought, and the general character of the data link layer protocol of including test macro in is abstracted into the general character assembly;
B adopts modularization thought, will be abstracted into the characteristic assembly with respect to the improvement part of the data link layer protocol of including test macro in;
The characteristic assembly that general character assembly that c, integrating step a obtain and step b obtain constitutes New Deal.
The present invention also proposes a kind of wireless sensor network data link layer protocol test macro, comprises meshed network layer, server layer and client end interface layer; Wherein:
Said meshed network layer adopts wired mode that combines with wireless channel to transmit data; Wherein, sensor node is formed wireless network based on wireless communication protocol stack through wireless channel, and the application program of operation testing wireless communication protocol stack realizes the transmission and the reception of packet; Sensor node is accomplished data acquisition through wire message way, and with the data that collect through the serial ports layer of uploading onto the server;
Said server layer is made up of Serial Communication Component, database, background processor; Wherein, Serial Communication Component is through mutual with the meshed network layer, and the data upload that the meshed network layer is gathered arrives database; Database is through making up tables of data, the data message that storage is resolved through Serial Communication Component; Background processor adopts the AJAX+PHP technology, and Javascript obtains the parameter in the database through the client script language, transfers to the processing of client end interface layer and returns execution result with character string forms;
Said client end interface layer adopts form web page to operate on the Apache webserver, comprises that display module, data in real time are upgraded assembly and meshed network configuration component in real time for file transmitting assembly, data base querying assembly, topology; Wherein, The file transmitting assembly is used to upload the image program of wireless communication protocol stack; The data base querying assembly is used for the client query data-base content; Topology display module in real time is used for showing in real time that meshed network topology and data flow change, and data in real time is upgraded assembly and is used for the data that real-time update meshed network layer is uploaded, and the meshed network configuration component is used to realize the configuration of meshed network layer test parameter.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compares and prior art, and advantage is:
1. the combination test macro can be provided with test parameter, clearly the display network state variation easily;
2. upload image program in batches to sensor node, realize open and close simultaneously, simple to operate, reduced the time that test consumes;
3. multiple route and host-host protocol assembly are provided, can realize building of common topological structure network and large scale network, and the test under the different pieces of information packet transmission rate scene;
4. unified data uploaded format and performance parameter computational methods, and corresponding with it data processing method have been simplified test process, have improved testing efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the node data Trace form assembly sketch map of method of testing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the wireless communication protocol stack assembly sketch map of method of testing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the component architecture sketch map of test macro of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the general structure sketch map of test macro of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below will be in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, and be further described with reference to the wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing of accompanying drawing to employing modularization thought of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing schematic flow sheet of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 1, this method has comprised following steps:
Step 101: test parameter, performance parameter computational methods and data format are set according to test request.
In this step, set test parameter comprises at least: tinyos version, node type, number of nodes, node serial number interval, node coordinate position, network topology structure, testing time.Wherein, the tinyos version mainly contains two types of tinyos-1.x and tinyos-2.x at present, and is relevant based on which kind of version with the measured data link layer protocol; Node type is various, and commonly used have MicaZ, Mica2, a TelosB etc., selects the TelosB node in the test macro of the present invention; Number of nodes and node serial number interval are used for the numbering of each node in the nominative testing process, to realize internodal packet correct transmission; Node coordinate position and network topology structure define through a topological file; At the client end interface of test macro, drawn one 100 * 100 coordinate plane, through setting the coordinate of each node; The meshed network that meets test request is built in corresponding position wherein; Testing time dactylus point begins to economize on electricity from test and is opened to the time that the EOT node is closed.
Set performance parameter computational methods mainly refer to the unified calculation method of energy consumption, end-to-end delay and throughput.
Wherein, the computational methods of energy consumption are:
Energy consumption=sleep Power x length of one's sleep+intercept Power x time of intercept+transmitted power * transmitting time+received power * time of reception.
The computational methods of end-to-end delay are:
End-to-end delay=packet arrives destination node Shi Ke – packet from source node constantly.
The computational methods of throughput are:
The packet byte number that the packet byte number that the packet byte number that throughput=node sends+node receives+node is transmitted.
The aforementioned calculation method is the common method that the data link layer protocol performance parameter adopts, and has higher accuracy.And the mode through unified calculation method and is write Accounting Legend Code at the agreement bottom, realizes the automation of calculating can directly obtaining performance parameter numerical value during EOT, has saved the data handling procedure in later stage, has improved testing efficiency.
Fig. 2 is the node data uploaded format sketch map of method of testing of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 2, the data that node is uploaded generally comprise: node time, event type, bag type, node ID, source node ID, sending node ID, receiving node ID, packet number, life span, father node, link-quality, wakeup time and the byte number corresponding with each field.Wherein, the system time after node time dactylus point itself is opened, only relevant with this node; Event type comprises transmission, reception and the forwarding of packet; The bag type comprises Data bag and Beacon bag; Node ID, source node ID, sending node ID and receiving node ID have reflected that network data flows to variation; Packet number combines with event type, is used for calculate throughput; Life span refers in the multi-hop transmission, the jumping figure that node is transmitted; Father node and link-quality mainly when the CTP route exists, transmission in the display network between link and reception situation; Wakeup time dactylus point is in the time of non-sleep state, is used for the duty ratio of computing node.
Step 102: select route and host-host protocol combination of components according to said test parameter, the module between configuration layer connects, and compiling generates image program.
In this step,, take into full account the performance test of data link layer protocol under different scenes in conjunction with Routing Protocol assembly and host-host protocol combination of components.Fig. 3 is the wireless communication protocol stack assembly sketch map of method of testing of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 3, wireless communication protocol stack assembly of the present invention is made up of transport layer protocol assembly, route layer protocol assembly, data link layer protocol assembly and interlayer interface.
The transport layer protocol assembly is considered the difference of network rate, has two kinds of situation:
1) under the situation that message transmission rate is bigger in the network, when especially a plurality of nodes sent data to same node, it was very big congested probability to occur, caused whole network performance to reduce, and at this moment adopted the WRCP protocol component.The WRCP agreement is applied to node with recipient's capability model (take all factors into consideration the receiving ability of present node and all neighbor nodes thereof, suitably regulate the node data transmission rate), can the link dynamic change, have good rate adaptation and Congestion Avoidance function;
When 2) message transmission rate is lower in the network, can not adopt host-host protocol.
Route layer protocol assembly is considered the difference of network scenarios, also has two kinds of situation:
1) CTP agreement is fit to build the large scale network scene that adopts dynamic routing.CTP is a kind of data convergence protocol that is applied to wireless sensor network based on TinyOS.This agreement adopts and converges tree thought, and some root nodes that converge are set in network, and node selects father node to jump as next through exchanging mutual link quality estimation information with neighbor node, thereby sets up one reliably to a certain route that converges root node;
2) static routing is applicable to building of common scene.Like chain type scene, network scenarios, star-like scene etc., through route implementing manually is set, it is immutable that route is provided with the back.
The data link layer protocol assembly is the main body of protocol test, comprising:
1) MLA; Adopt modularization thought that the general character of data link layer protocol is abstracted into assembly; When designing new agreement,, constitute new agreement in conjunction with the characteristic assembly of general character assembly and New Deal; Realized 5 synchronously typical and asynchronous protocols at present under the MLA framework, and the basis that MLA also designs as data link layer protocol of the present invention;
2) CSMA, LPL are the data link layer protocols based on competitive way the earliest, and the agreement of many classics develops thus.
In addition, the wireless communication protocol stack assembly adopts the general-purpose interface between modularization thought design level, makes that the assembly of each layer is independent, and the assembly replacement of certain one deck does not influence the assembly of other layers, thereby builds suitable more test scenes of using through combination more.
Step 103: upload said image program to node, open all nodes, through Serial Communication Component collector node data.
In this step,, the operation while carrying out, will be placed on running background to the operation of other nodes, thereby realize that the node image program is uploaded simultaneously, opens, closed in batches and serial ports is intercepted a node through writing the shell shell script under the Linux.Cooperate test macro of the present invention, these operate in client end interface and can accomplish through button.Compare with the manual programming of conventional method, this mode is simple to operate, has reduced the testing complex degree, has improved testing efficiency simultaneously.
Step 104:, obtain performance parameter value through the data of analyzing final statistics through network state monitoring assembly monitoring network change in topology, data flow.
This step combines with test macro of the present invention, also is an aspect that is different from the general test method.Through utilizing the data of uploading from the meshed network layer, utilize the network state monitoring assembly to draw network topology change, data flow, can clearly observe visually data packet delivery situation between node, link condition and possibly occur unusual.In addition, also can obtain node data easily, and realize condition query, thereby accelerate data processing speed, reduce the time that data statistics is handled these data through sql like language in client.
Comprehensive above-mentioned steps is visible, and data link layer protocol method of testing of the present invention is compared with general method of testing, at aspects such as functional, ease for use, versatility, testing efficiencies very remarkable advantages is arranged.Can find out also that in addition test macro of the present invention designs for the data link layer protocol test specially, based on the TinyOS embedded system, itself and method of testing of the present invention are maintained close ties with, and be indivisible.
Fig. 4 is the component architecture sketch map of test macro of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 4, test macro comprises: client end interface layer, server layer and meshed network layer.Test macro is according to the level of test platform knot framework, and the function or the agreement of each layer is configured to independent assembly.When needs carry out the test of agreement or algorithm, through combination, reuse the different assembly of partial function, thereby build different test scenes, accomplish test.
The client end interface layer is a personal-machine interactive interface, adopts the form of webpage, and its effect is transmitting control commands and monitoring network state, mainly comprises following assembly:
1) file transmitting assembly: will compile good image program and upload to assigned address, in order to the follow-up node that uploads to.
2) data base querying assembly: through input SQL instruction, the definition of data querying condition obtains desired data, and shows with the form of form.
3) the real-time display module of topology: the xy coordinate plane figure that adopts GD draw library completion 100 * 100 rectangular grid of PHP; Through the topological arrangement file, the user sets the coordinate of node, the position of node in the corresponding in proportion actual test platform; After the test beginning, send and receive the flow direction through the bag between arrow display network interior nodes.
4) data in real time is upgraded assembly: show with form, upgrade the data that corresponding time period interior nodes is uploaded according to the network topology state, clearly show node state;
5) meshed network configuration component: the configuration testing parameter, realize batch burning, open and close and the topology demonstration playback of node, the character string of display command executing state.
Server layer is to be made up of MySQL database, background process and Serial Communication Component.Server operates on the Apache webserver, and it is present most popular one of Web server end software of increasing income.Server layer is as the middle tie of client tier and meshed network layer.
On the one hand, the data that the meshed network layer is uploaded are saved in the lane database of server layer, supply client query; On the other hand, the control command of client tier input is through the background process of server layer, realizes burning, unlatching, the data of network node are intercepted etc.
The meshed network layer is made up of test application, serial communication protocol stack and wireless communication protocol stack.
Test application is positioned at application layer, the network scenarios of normally building for protocol test; The protocol stack that the serial communication protocol stack adopts TinyOS to carry, bear with server layer mutual, as receiving program command, reading Trace data etc.; Wireless communication protocol stack is made up of each layer assembly, comprises transport layer assembly, route layer assembly and MAC layer assembly.
The serial communication of node and radio communication are independent.Node is formed wireless network through wireless channel, operation agreement or algorithm, and the transmission of packet and reception are accomplished through radio frequency; And the data acquisition of node is to use wired mode to accomplish, and utilizes USB line and usb hub to be connected on the server between the node, and uploading through serial ports of data accomplished.This twin-channel mode makes between network signal and the Monitoring Data not to be disturbed mutually, has reduced measure error, and compares with the single-channel mode of Monitoring Data through wireless channel operation test, and advantage is remarkable.
Fig. 5 is the general structure sketch map of test macro of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 5, the test system hardware system mainly is made up of TelosB node, hub, USB line, server, PC.Wherein, the meshed network layer connects and composes wireless network by sensor node through USB line and hub, operation test protocol or algorithm; Server obtains the data that the meshed network layer is gathered through the usb data serial ports, through USB programming serial ports the meshed network layer is issued control command; PC bears the effect of control command input and network state monitoring as the visual human-computer interaction interface that a close friend is provided.
Claims (5)
1. a wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Steps A is provided with the computational methods of test parameter and data link layer protocol performance parameter, definition of data uploaded format according to the test request of data link layer protocol;
Step B selects route and host-host protocol combination of components according to the test parameter that steps A is provided with, and wireless communication protocol stack is built in being connected between configuration protocol stack route layer protocol and transport layer protocol assembly module, compiles the generation image program;
Step C, the image program that step B is generated uploads to sensor node, and all nodes in the open wireless sensor network are through the database of Serial Communication Component collector node storage to server end;
Step D through network state monitoring assembly monitoring network change in topology, data flow, obtains the concrete numerical value of each protocol capabilities parameter in client through the protocol capabilities calculation method of parameters in the employing steps A.
2. wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing according to claim 1; It is characterized in that test parameter comprises described in the steps A: tinyos version, node type, number of nodes, node serial number interval, node coordinate position, topological structure, testing time;
Said protocol capabilities parameter comprises: energy consumption parameter, end-to-end delay and the throughput parameter of meshed network;
Described data upload form comprises: node local zone time, event type, bag type, node ID, source node ID, sending node ID, receiving node ID, packet number, life span, father node, link-quality and wakeup time.
3. wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the said protocol capabilities CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS of steps A method is:
Said energy consumption parameter is through adding up node respectively in transmission, acceptance, dormancy with intercept time of state, and multiplying each other with corresponding power then obtains;
Said end-to-end delay parameter obtains from time of source node and time difference to destination node through the calculated data bag;
The bag number that said throughput parameter is sent, received, transmits through computing node respectively, and obtain with the byte number of corresponding bag.
4. wireless sensor network data link layer protocol method of testing according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The said wireless communication protocol stack support of step B is based on the data link layer protocol performance test of TinyOS; Be made up of transport layer protocol assembly, route layer protocol assembly and data link layer protocol assembly, said transport layer protocol assembly and said route layer protocol assembly are that the data link layer protocol test provides the versatility support; Wherein:
Said transport layer protocol assembly is responsible for rate adaptation and Congestion Avoidance, and according to the meshed network message transmission rate, decision is adopted or do not adopted the WRCP protocol component, and concrete grammar is:
11) when message transmission rate in the network during, adopt the WRCP protocol component, recipient's capability model is applied to node greater than normal value;
12) when message transmission rate in the network during, do not adopt host-host protocol smaller or equal to normal value;
Said route layer protocol assembly is responsible for foundation, selection and the maintenance of route, and according to the meshed network topological structure, static routing or CTP protocol component are adopted in decision, and concrete grammar is:
21); When dynamic routing is in the large scale network scene; Adopt the CTP agreement that some root nodes that converge are set in network, node is set up one and is arrived a certain route that converges root node through selecting father node to jump as next with the mutual link quality estimation information of neighbor node exchange;
22) when dynamic routing is in common network scenarios, adopt static routing protocol through route implementing manually is set;
Said data link layer protocol assembly is made up of based on the New Deal of its exploitation the data link layer protocol of including test macro in and tester, wherein:
31) data link layer protocol of having included test macro in comprises: MLA, CSMA, LPL;
32) development procedure of said New Deal is:
A adopts modularization thought, and the general character of the data link layer protocol of including test macro in is abstracted into the general character assembly;
B adopts modularization thought, will be abstracted into the characteristic assembly with respect to the improvement part of the data link layer protocol of including test macro in;
The characteristic assembly that general character assembly that c, integrating step a obtain and step b obtain constitutes New Deal.
5. a wireless sensor network data link layer protocol test macro is characterized in that, comprises meshed network layer, server layer and client end interface layer; Wherein:
Said meshed network layer adopts wired mode that combines with wireless channel to transmit data; Wherein, sensor node is formed wireless network based on wireless communication protocol stack through wireless channel, and the application program of operation testing wireless communication protocol stack realizes the transmission and the reception of packet; Sensor node is accomplished data acquisition through wire message way, and with the data that collect through the serial ports layer of uploading onto the server;
Said server layer is made up of Serial Communication Component, database, background processor; Wherein, Serial Communication Component is through mutual with the meshed network layer, and the data upload that the meshed network layer is gathered arrives database; Database is through making up tables of data, the data message that storage is resolved through Serial Communication Component; Background processor adopts the AJAX+PHP technology, and (Javascript) obtains the parameter in the database through the client script language, transfers to the processing of client end interface layer and returns execution result with character string forms;
Said client end interface layer adopts form web page to operate on the Apache webserver, comprises that display module, data in real time are upgraded assembly and meshed network configuration component in real time for file transmitting assembly, data base querying assembly, topology; Wherein, The file transmitting assembly is used to upload the image program of wireless communication protocol stack; The data base querying assembly is used for the client query data-base content; Topology display module in real time is used for showing in real time that meshed network topology and data flow change, and data in real time is upgraded assembly and is used for the data that real-time update meshed network layer is uploaded, and the meshed network configuration component is used to realize the configuration of meshed network layer test parameter.
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Application publication date: 20120627 |