The preparation method of Graphene biology sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of Graphene biology sensor, belong to technical field of electrochemistry.
Background technology
Graphene is the crystal of six side's honeycomb crystalline networks of the tightly packed formation of monolayer carbon atom; Unique two-dimensional structure makes it have excellent electricity, calorifics, mechanics and chemical property; But there is bigger Van der Waals force in the graphene film interlayer; Be prone to take place to pile up and assemble, thereby limited its application in many aspects.In order to overcome the above problems, people are at metal nanoparticles such as graphene film interlayer doping gold, and this is not only avoided the Graphene lamella to come back to graphite crystal because of gathering effectively, and has improved electronic conductivity (Zhong, the Z.Y. of grapheme material greatly; Wu, W., Wang, D., Wang; D., Shan, J.L., Qing, Y.; Zhang, Z.M., Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2010,25:2379-2382).Recently, the application of Graphene/metallic composite in biology sensor receive extensive concern (Wan, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, J.J., Zhang, D., Anal.Chem., 2011,83:648-652).
Grapheme material and enzyme fixing is to graphene-based performance of biosensor and use most important.At present, fixing physisorphtions that adopt of grapheme material and enzyme more.Normally adopt earlier the synthetic graphite oxide of Hummer method, more ultrasonic being dispersed in of graphite oxide processed the graphene oxide dispersion liquid in the water, mixes with metal precursor then, add strong reductant such as sodium borohydride and make graphene oxide prepare Graphene/metallic composite with the metal precursor in-situ reducing, compound substance is scattered in later of water again and is applied to electrode surface (Gu under stabilizer function; Z.G., Yang, S.P., Li; Z.J., Sun, X.L., Wang; G.L., Fang, Y.J., Liu; J.K., Anal.Chim.Acta, 2011,701:75-80).Drop-coating is consuming time more, needs to use poisonous chemical reagent, the products obtained therefrom bad dispersibility, and coating is coarse, and thickness is difficult to accurate control, thereby causes the electrocatalysis characteristic of material to descend.Recently, the researchist has proposed a kind of new electrochemical method.Electrode is inserted the mixed solution of graphene oxide and gold chloride, adopt cyclic voltammetry scan once accomplish compound substance preparation and fixing (Liu, C.B., Wang, K., Luo, S.L., Tang, Y.H., Chen, L.Y., Small, 2011,7:1203-1206).Method has simply, fast and distinguishing feature such as green, but be prone to take place redox reaction between graphite oxide and the noble metal precursor body, cause mixed solution soon rotten and electrode modification layer that obtain is more coarse.Shitosan is a kind of biological material, and its excellent film forming ability often is used to fixing (Yang, Y.C., Dong, S.W., the Shen of enzyme at electrode surface; T., Jian, C.X., Chang, H.J., Li; Y., Zhou, J.X., Electrochim.Acta, 2011,56:6021-6025).But the enzyme that this physisorphtion is fixed is prone to come off, and makes the stability of sensor and reappearance be difficult to satisfy the requirement of real work to detection accuracy.In addition, the use of non-conductive material such as shitosan also can influence the electrochemical response of electrode.In order to address this problem, people attempt utilizing graphene oxide to contain and enrich the characteristics of carboxyl, with DHC/NHS be active agent with covalently bound on modified electrode, but graphene oxide poorly conductive, prepared biosensor analysis performance is undesirable.Therefore it is imperative to set up preparation method green, easy and reliable Graphene biology sensor.
Pass through extensive studies and test repeatedly and find, employing electrochemical process electro-deposition Graphene, nm of gold and electrochromic conducting polymer successively is deposited on electrode surface, and the enzyme or the antibody of inciting somebody to action with the covalent bonding mode then are fixed on the conducting polymer film.Electrochemical process has not only realized the fixing completion simultaneously on electrode of electrochemical reaction and material; Can also realize the particle diameter of Graphene and conducting polymer coating thickness and golden nanometer particle and the accurate control of distribution density, and the preparation process of material does not have " three wastes " to produce.The inventor further is optimized selection to electrodeposition condition, has realized improving the purpose of stability, sensitivity and the precision of Graphene biology sensor finally.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have to existing Graphene biology sensor that Graphene and enzyme are prone to come off, sensitivity is not high and the deficiency of the poor reproducibility of sensor production, a kind of preparation method of new Graphene biology sensor is provided.Method has been improved stability, sensitivity and the precision of Graphene biology sensor significantly, and also environmental protection can not cause environmental pollution.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, a kind of preparation method of Graphene biology sensor, step is:
1) preparation of Graphene modified electrode: be scattered in that the stable concentration of formation is 0.0001~0.1mg/mL graphene oxide dispersion liquid in the deionized water with graphite oxide is ultrasonic; Ultrasonic frequency is 55kHz-60kHz; Add supporting electrolyte, being adjusted to supporting electrolyte concentration is 0~1mol/L; With the platinized platinum is basic electrode, on the electricity workstation CONTROLLED POTENTIAL-0.9~-1.2V place electro-deposition 10~50s, take out electrode, use deionized water wash, drying at room temperature;
2) gold chloride is handled: the Graphene modified electrode that step 1) makes is put into 0.002~0.2mmol/L chlorauric acid solution; CONTROLLED POTENTIAL is at-0.25~0.4V place electro-deposition 10~50s on electrochemical workstation; Take out electrode, use deionized water wash, drying at room temperature;
3) cyclic voltammetry scan: multiple weigh 1) and 2) operation 5~50 times, then resulting electrode is put into the solution that contains 0.01~0.2mol/L conductive high polymer monomer and 0.001~0.005mol/L supporting electrolyte and carries out cyclic voltammetry scan, the cyclic voltammetry scan voltage range is 0~1.0V; Sweep speed is 10~400mV/s; Cycle index is 2~10 times, and temperature is 0~40 ℃, takes out electrode after scanning is accomplished; Use deionized water wash, drying at room temperature;
4) preparation of Graphene biology sensor: with the resulting electrode of step 3) activation 4~6h in 18~22mMEDC/NHS solution; In 8~12mg/mL hydrogen peroxidase, soak 22~26h then; Use deionized water wash; 4 ℃ dry down, then the analytical performance of test Graphene biology sensor on electrochemical workstation.
Said conductive polymer high polymer monomer is as shown in the formula the compound shown in 12,5-two (2-thiophene)-1-R-pyrroles;
Wherein, R is a substituting group, for alkane, alkene, alkynes base or the aromatic radical of carbon number between 1~20, connects 1~3 carboxyl again thereafter.
The described supporting electrolyte of step 1) is with K
+Or Na
+Be kation, with SO
4 2-, CO
3 2-, CH
3COO
-, Cl
-, ClO
4 -, ClO
3 -Or NO
3 -Any in the compound of forming for negative ion.
Step 3) is described multiple to weigh 1) and 2) the number of times of operation be 10~20 times.
The described supporting electrolyte of step 3) is to be kation with the quaternary amine base, is the compound that negative ion is formed with chlorion, bromide ion, chlorate anions, perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate or hexafluoro-phosphate radical, perhaps their potpourri.
The present invention has following advantage: one embodiment of the present of invention are presoma with the graphite oxide, adopt CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at gold electrode surfaces electro-deposition Graphene, are that presoma adopts CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at Graphene surface electrical deposited gold nano particle then with the gold chloride.After operating 20 times more than repeating, electrode is put into 2, in 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-para Toluic Acid pyrrole monomer solution, adopt cyclic voltammetry to carry out electropolymerization, multiple scanning 6 times.At last, be that active agent is combined in hydrogen peroxidase covalent bonding mode on the conducting polymer film with EDC/NHS, and on electrochemical workstation, test the analytical performance of this biology sensor.Research shows that resulting hydrogen peroxide bio-sensing has very sensitive electrochemical response to hydrogen peroxide, and its detection limit reaches 2 * 10
-8Mol/L, concrete advantage is following:
1) fixedly Graphene, gold nano and conducting polymer of electro-deposition, the size of not only very environmental protection, and coating thickness and golden nanometer particle and distribution density can precisely be controlled, thereby make the good reproducibility of batch producing of modified electrode.
2) resulting Graphene/metal/composite material favorable dispersibility shows significant electro catalytic activity, and the sensitivity of its Electrochemical Detection is apparently higher than prior art.
3) covalent bonding mode immobilizing biologically active macromolecular substances, the enzyme or the antibody that have overcome drop-coating are prone to the deficiency that comes off, and have improved the stability and the accuracy of detection of biology sensor greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention with embodiment below, but the present invention is not limited.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer." room temperature " described in the present invention, " normal pressure " are meant temperature and the air pressure between regular job, are generally 25 ℃, an atmospheric pressure.
Among the following embodiment, used working electrode is gold electrode (φ=1mm).Electrode uses particle diameter to carry out polishing as the alumina powder of 50nm before use, in the second absolute alcohol, embathes 10min, ultrasonic cleaning then, and drying is weighed.The working electrode that electro-deposition and electro-chemical test are used and all be naked gold electrode or various modified electrode to electrode, participating in electrode is the AgCl/Ag normal electrode.Electro-chemical test adopts cyclic voltammetry, and operating voltage is-0.8~0.8V, and sweep speed is 100mV/s, and test end liquid is that pH is 7 phosphate buffer solution.
Embodiment 1
Gold electrode after handling is immersed in the 0.05mg/mL graphene oxide dispersion liquid, 20 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at-1.2V place electro-deposition 50s, taking-up electrode; Use water washing; Be placed on after the drying at room temperature in the chlorauric acid solution of 0.05mmol/L, at-0.25V place electro-deposition 50s, take out electrode 20 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL; Use water washing, drying at room temperature.After the above electro-deposition operation cycle 20 times; Modified electrode is inserted 3mL contain 2, in the dichloromethane solution of 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-para Toluic Acid pyrroles (1mmol/L) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate amine (0.1mol/L), CONTROLLED POTENTIAL adopts cyclic voltammetry to carry out polymerization between 0~1V; With the rate scanning of 100mV/s six times; Take out electrode, use water washing, drying at room temperature.Modified electrode soaks 24h then at 20mmol/L EDC/NHS solution activation 4h in the 10mg/mL hydrogen peroxidase, the detection limit that resulting hydrogen peroxide biology sensor detects hydrogen peroxide reaches 2.0 * 10
-8Mol/L, 20 times the replication relative standard deviation is 1.8%.
Embodiment 2
Gold electrode after handling is immersed in the 0.02mg/mL graphene oxide dispersion liquid, 0 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at-1.0V place electro-deposition 20s, taking-up electrode; Use water washing; Be placed on after the drying at room temperature in the chlorauric acid solution of 0.01mmol/L, at-0.3V place electro-deposition 40s, take out electrode 25 ℃ of CONTROLLED POTENTIAL; Use water washing, drying at room temperature.After the above electro-deposition operation cycle 30 times; Modified electrode is inserted 3mL contain 2, in the dichloromethane solution of 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-para Toluic Acid pyrroles (1mmol/L) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (0.1mol/L), CONTROLLED POTENTIAL adopts cyclic voltammetry to carry out polymerization between 0~1V; With the rate scanning of 200mV/s six times; Take out electrode, use water washing, drying at room temperature.Modified electrode soaks 24h then at 20mmol/L EDC/NHS solution activation 4h in the 10mg/mL glucose oxidase, the detection limit that resulting glucose biological sensor detects glucose reaches 1.0 * 10
-9Mol/L, 20 times the replication relative standard deviation is 1.0%.
Embodiment 3
Gold electrode after handling immersed contains 0.02mg/mL graphene oxide and 0.1mol/L Klorvess Liquid, 40 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at-1.0V place electro-deposition 20s, taking-up electrode; Use water washing; Be placed on after the drying at room temperature in the chlorauric acid solution of 0.01mmol/L, at-0.4V place electro-deposition 20s, take out electrode 0 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL; Use water washing, drying at room temperature.After the above electro-deposition operation cycle 50 times; Modified electrode is inserted 3mL contain 2, in the dichloromethane solution (0.1mol/L) of 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-para Toluic Acid pyrroles (1.0mmol/L) and four octyl amine tetrafluoroborates, CONTROLLED POTENTIAL adopts cyclic voltammetry to carry out polymerization between 0~1V; With the rate scanning of 300mV/s six times; Take out electrode, use water washing, drying at room temperature.Modified electrode is at 20mmol/L EDC/NHS solution activation 4h, then at the 20mg/mL AFB
1Soak 24h in the antibody, the detection limit of resulting glucose biological sensor reaches 1.0 * 10
-10Mol/L, 20 times the replication relative standard deviation is 1.8%.
Embodiment 4
Gold electrode after handling immersed contains 0.01mg/mL graphene oxide and 0.1mol/L potassium sulfate solution, 0 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at-1.2V place electro-deposition 10s, taking-up electrode; Use water washing; Be placed on after the drying at room temperature in the chlorauric acid solution of 0.02mmol/L, at-0.25V place electro-deposition 30s, take out electrode 0 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL; Use water washing, drying at room temperature.After the above electro-deposition operation cycle 30 times; Modified electrode is inserted 3mL contain 2, in the dichloromethane solution (0.2mol/L) of 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-o-benzoic acid pyrroles (1mmol/L) and four octyl group ammonium bromides, CONTROLLED POTENTIAL adopts cyclic voltammetry to carry out polymerization between 0~1V; With the rate scanning of 50mV/s 2 times; Take out electrode, use water washing, drying at room temperature.Modified electrode soaks 24h then at 20mMEDC/NHS solution activation 4h in the 20mg/mL hydrogen peroxidase, the detection limit of resulting hydrogen peroxide biology sensor reaches 1.0 * 10
-7Mol/L, 20 times the replication relative standard deviation is 1.1%.
Embodiment 5
Gold electrode after handling immersed contains 0.05mg/mL graphene oxide and 0.1mol/L metabisulfite solution, 10 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at-1.0V place electro-deposition 20s, taking-up electrode; Use water washing; Be placed on after the drying at room temperature in the chlorauric acid solution of 0.01mmol/L, at-0.35V place electro-deposition 10s, take out electrode 0 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL; Use water washing, drying at room temperature.After the above electro-deposition operation cycle 15 times; Modified electrode is inserted 3mL contain 2, in the dichloromethane solution (0.2mol/L) of 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-propionic acid pyrroles (1mmol/L) and four octyl group ammonium bromides, CONTROLLED POTENTIAL adopts cyclic voltammetry to carry out polymerization between 0~1V; With the rate scanning of 20mV/s 8 times; Take out electrode, use water washing, drying at room temperature.Modified electrode soaks 24h then at 20mM EDC/NHS solution activation 4h in 20mg/mL vomitoxin antibody, the detection limit of resulting vomitoxin biology sensor reaches 2.5 * 10
-11Mol/L, 20 times the replication relative standard deviation is 1.0%.
Embodiment 6
Gold electrode after handling immersed contains 0.1mg/mL graphene oxide and 0.3mol/L metabisulfite solution, 0 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL at-0.9V place electro-deposition 20s, taking-up electrode; Use water washing; Be placed on after the drying at room temperature in the chlorauric acid solution of 0.02mmol/L, at-0.25V place electro-deposition 20s, take out electrode 10 ℃ of following CONTROLLED POTENTIAL; Use water washing, drying at room temperature.After the above electro-deposition operation cycle 15 times; Modified electrode is inserted 3mL contain 2, in the dichloromethane solution (0.2mol/L) of 5-two (2-thiophene)-1-acrylic acid pyrroles (1mmol/L) and four octyl group ammonium bromides, CONTROLLED POTENTIAL adopts cyclic voltammetry to carry out polymerization between 0~1V; With the rate scanning of 20mV/s 6 times; Take out electrode, use water washing, drying at room temperature.Modified electrode soaks 24h then at 20mM EDC/NHS solution activation 4h in the 20mg/mL shrimp allergen, the detection limit of resulting shrimp allergen biology sensor reaches 3.3 * 10
-8Mol/L, 20 times the replication relative standard deviation is 2.1%.