CN102513892B - Small grinding wheel creep feed grinding processing method capable of adjusting cutting angle for engineering ceramic - Google Patents
Small grinding wheel creep feed grinding processing method capable of adjusting cutting angle for engineering ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- CN102513892B CN102513892B CN201210002444XA CN201210002444A CN102513892B CN 102513892 B CN102513892 B CN 102513892B CN 201210002444X A CN201210002444X A CN 201210002444XA CN 201210002444 A CN201210002444 A CN 201210002444A CN 102513892 B CN102513892 B CN 102513892B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small grinding wheel creep feed grinding processing method capable of adjusting a cutting angle, belonging to a traditional mechanical processing field. The processing method is characterized in that: cylindrical engineering ceramic and other hard and brittle materials are subjected to creep feed grinding processing by high-speed rotation of a diamond small grinding wheel to form external cylindrical surfaces or conical surfaces; when the cutting angle is smaller than 45 degrees, the end surface of the small grinding wheel is used as a main cutting surface to remove the materials, and the circumference surface of the small grinding wheel is used as an auxiliary cutting surface to finish the external circle surface of the processed piece; when the cutting angle is larger than 45 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees, the circumference surface of the small grinding wheel is used as the main cutting surface to remove the materials, and the end surface of the small grinding wheel is used as an auxiliary cutting surface to finish the external circle surface of the processed piece; and the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 6000-20000 r/min and the rotation speed of the workpiece is 0-5000 r/min. By adopting the processing method, external cylindrical surfaces or conical surfaces of the engineering ceramic and other hard and brittle materials can be processes at low cost and high efficiency; and the structure is simple and the operation is easy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Abnormal processing method in traditional field of machining, particularly the creep feed grinding processing method of the adjustable cutting angle of hard brittle material such as cylindrical engineering ceramics.
Background technology
The external cylindrical surface of the hard brittle materials such as present modal engineering ceramics (or conical surface) processing method remains traditional diamond wheel grinding, namely adopts the reciprocal grinding of parallel grinding wheel.The method is in process, generally needing the boart boart wheel diameter that uses is the above large emery wheel of 400～500mm, and the thickness of diamond layer also only is several millimeters, add the wearing and tearing in man-hour very fast, cause processing charges very expensive, the processing cost of general ceramic workpiece accounts for 70%～90% of totle drilling cost, and because the effect of normal grinding force very easily causes median crack to produce, the intensity of workpiece is descended, grinding depth and feed speed are difficult to be improved, abrasion of grinding wheel is very serious again, thereby working (machining) efficiency is very low.For this reason, a lot of scholars are devoted to develop the special process and the Combined Machining Technology such as new efficient, low-cost, the low engineering ceramics Excircle machining method of damaging, ELID grinding, high-speed deep grinding, the auxiliary turning of LASER HEATING, ultrasonic vibration processing.
The ELID grinding is a kind of online finishing grinding, in the time of grinding, emery wheel is repaired online, has saved the time of crushing, compares plain grinding processing, and working (machining) efficiency is improved, but still relatively low.
The appearance of high-speed deep grinding, increased substantially the working (machining) efficiency of engineering ceramics, but the method is very strict to the requirement of lathe: spindle power is 3 times of left and right of machine tool spindle power, experimental bench is located in the concrete vibrationproof isolator on base that deeply reaches 1m, and need to carry out real-time dynamic balancing to emery wheel.Processing cost is still very high.
LASER HEATING secondary process engineering ceramic material can improve working (machining) efficiency, but ceramic material easily produces thermal shock under the thermal shock effect, destroys, and form crackle, and the laser equipment volume is generally all huger, expensive.
Ultrasonic vibration processing or ultrasonic secondary process can effectively change cutting/grinding mechanism of tradition processing, has unique processing technology effect, can make finished surface without metamorphic layer, and effectively eliminate micro-crack of hard brittle material finished surface etc., these characteristics, for the dependability that improves the hard brittle material part, have very important meaning.But due to achievements conversion slowly, the technology maturation degree is poor and need the reason such as Ultrasonic machining special equipment, many research work also are in laboratory stage in addition, Material Removal Mechanism also could not get across, and therefore could not be used widely and promote.
Above-mentioned Excircle machining method has improved working (machining) efficiency or the crudy of the hard brittle material cylindricals such as engineering ceramics to a certain extent, but still have the problem that working (machining) efficiency is low, processing cost is high, so people more sight is invested seek efficiently, new processing method cheaply.The applicant has proposed a kind ofly to be applicable to that the hard brittle material such as engineering ceramics is efficient, the axial Excircle machining method of low-cost processing in the patent No. is 200910243963.3 patent, the method adds man-hour, the emery wheel axis is parallel with axis of workpiece, emery wheel is along the axial direction feeding (being that cutting angle α is 0 °) of workpiece, utilize cylindrical grinding wheel to process, the expansion of the median crack that processing produces occurs in the part to be removed of material, matrix damage to workpiece is little, thereby has realized the highly-efficient processing of ceramic material.Yet the feed distance of the method emery wheel is subject to the restriction of emery wheel (being the circular turning tool in patent 200910243963.3) length, and the end that workpiece is not held is unfixing, and system stiffness is not enough.The little emery wheel creep feed grinding processing method that cutting angle is adjustable is proposed by the axial processing method of emery wheel length restriction and system stiffness deficiency for improving feed distance just.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that working (machining) efficiency is low and cost is high, feed distance is subjected to the emery wheel length restriction, the shortcoming of system stiffness deficiency for the traditional diamond-making technique that overcomes the hard brittle materials such as engineering ceramics exists, a kind of processing method of the hard brittle material external cylindrical surfaces such as little emery wheel creep feed grinding engineering ceramics of adjustable cutting angle is provided, can realize the hard brittle material external cylindrical surfaces such as low cost, high efficiency process engineering pottery, and have the processing stroke and be not subjected to the emery wheel length restriction, system stiffness is good, simple in structure, the advantage of easy operating.
The processing method of the little emery wheel creep feed grinding engineering ceramics of the adjustable cutting angle that the present invention proposes, be used for the processing to engineering ceramics hard brittle material external cylindrical surface, this little emery wheel is the truncated cone-shaped skive, it is characterized in that: the outside dimension of little emery wheel is φ 10～100mm, and the angle between the bus of emery wheel round platform and emery wheel axis is θ, and the span of this angle theta is between 0 ° to 45 °; Add man-hour, make boart boart wheel axis and axis of workpiece in same level or vertical plane, and by the cutting angle α (being the angle between axis of workpiece and emery wheel axis) that sets, process, in process, as cutting angle α greater than 0 ° during less than 45 °, the θ angle of employing emery wheel equals the emery wheel of cutting angle α, utilize little abrasive wheel end face to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little emery wheel periphery, as secondary cutting face, the work piece outer round surface is carried out reconditioning; As cutting angle α greater than 45 ° during less than 90 °, adopt the θ angle of emery wheel to equal 90 ° of emery wheels that deduct cutting angle α, utilize little emery wheel periphery to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little abrasive wheel end face, as secondary cutting face, the work piece outer round surface is carried out reconditioning; When cutting angle is 90 °, the θ angle of adopting emery wheel is that the emery wheel of 0 ° (is cylinder emery wheel, claim that the method is quadrature creep feed grinding processing method), add and utilize man-hour little emery wheel periphery to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little abrasive wheel end face to carry out reconditioning to machined surface; Little grinding wheel speed is 6000～20000r/min, workpiece rotational frequency 0～5000r/min, and little emery wheel feed speed scope is 60～180mm/min.
In the process of described processing, the workpiece rotating direction is opposite with the emery wheel direction of rotation.
Technical characterstic of the present invention and effect:
The present invention utilizes the mode of the little emery wheel creep feed grinding of High Rotation Speed diamond, and cutting angle is during less than 45 °, and little abrasive wheel end face abrasive particle is mainly used to remove material, and little emery wheel periphery carries out reconditioning to processing column face; Cutting angle is greater than 45 ° during less than 90 °, and little emery wheel periphery abrasive particle is mainly used to remove material, and little abrasive wheel end face carries out reconditioning to processing column face.The method can be carried out on the lathe through repacking, cutting angle also can directly carry out while being 0 ° or 90 ° on upright drill (or the vertical machines such as vertical knee-type milling machine and vertical machining centre), therefore can select different equipment according to the actual conditions of oneself, applicating maintenance is also fairly simple, and the little emery wheel of diamond that uses can have made to order, with good conditionsily also can make by oneself, and the emery wheel size is smaller simultaneously, diameter is generally less than 100mm, does not need static balance and dynamic balancing operation.Therefore the method equipment investment and operating cost are all lower, belong to economical processing method.
Processing method of the present invention is mainly used to process engineering pottery and waits external cylindrical surface or the conical surface of hard brittle materia, and feed distance is not subjected to the emery wheel length restriction, almost can process the various nonmetal difficult-to-machine materials such as engineering ceramics of random length.
Processing method of the present invention can be carried out the controlled working process with parameters such as workpiece rotational frequency compare by adjusting machined parameters such as the speed of mainshaft, feed speed, grinding depth, emery wheel wall thickness, workpiece rotating speed, cutting angle (or emery wheel cone angle) and main shaft, thereby guarantees working (machining) efficiency and crudy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure embodiment schematic diagram that the present invention utilizes special skive processing ceramic cylindrical.
Fig. 2 is the another kind of embodiment schematic diagram of the present invention's apparatus structure of utilizing special skive processing ceramic cylindrical.
The hot pressed sintering Si of Fig. 3 for adopting the present invention to process
3N
4Ceramic excircle (containing the conical surface) example processing effect photo.
Specific implementation method
The little emery wheel creep feed grinding processing method of the adjustable cutting angle that the present invention proposes reaches by reference to the accompanying drawings example and further illustrates as follows:
The processing method of the little emery wheel creep feed grinding engineering ceramics of adjustable cutting angle of the present invention, be used for the processing to engineering ceramics hard brittle material external cylindrical surface, this little emery wheel is the truncated cone-shaped skive, it is characterized in that: the outside dimension of little emery wheel is φ 10～100mm, and the angle between the bus of emery wheel round platform and emery wheel axis is θ, and the span of this angle theta is between 0 ° to 45 °; Add man-hour, make boart boart wheel axis and axis of workpiece in same level or vertical plane, and by the cutting angle α (being the angle between axis of workpiece and emery wheel axis) that sets, process, in process, as cutting angle α greater than 0 ° during less than 45 °, the θ angle of employing emery wheel equals the emery wheel of cutting angle α, utilize little abrasive wheel end face to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little emery wheel periphery, as secondary cutting face, the work piece outer round surface is carried out reconditioning; As cutting angle α greater than 45 ° during less than 90 °, adopt the θ angle of emery wheel to equal 90 ° of emery wheels that deduct cutting angle α, utilize little emery wheel periphery to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little abrasive wheel end face, as secondary cutting face, the work piece outer round surface is carried out reconditioning; When cutting angle is 90 °, the θ angle of adopting emery wheel is that the emery wheel of 0 ° (is cylinder emery wheel, claim that the method is quadrature creep feed grinding processing method), add and utilize man-hour little emery wheel periphery to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little abrasive wheel end face to carry out reconditioning to machined surface; Little grinding wheel speed is 6000～20000r/min, workpiece rotational frequency 0～5000r/min, and little emery wheel feed speed scope is 60～180mm/min.
In the process of described processing, the workpiece rotating direction is opposite with the emery wheel direction of rotation.
The selected boart boart wheel diameter of the present invention is chosen according to the diameter of workpiece to be processed, and under the prerequisite that meets processing, the emery wheel outside dimension is more large and small or equal than workpiece original size.The length of selected skive can need to be chosen according to processing, and under the prerequisite that meets processing, emery wheel length is more short better.
A kind of processing unit (plant) embodiment that the inventive method adopts as shown in Figure 1, mainly by lathe bed 11, guide rail 12, middle supporting plate 13, workpiece 14, scroll chuck 15, main spindle box 16, skive 17, high-speed electric expreess locomotive 18 and tailstock 19, formed, workpiece 14 clampings are on scroll chuck 15, skive 17 clampings are on high-speed electric expreess locomotive 18 output shafts, and in figure, the angle of workpiece 14 axis and emery wheel 17 axis is cutting angle α.This device can be by engine lathe is simply obtained after transformation, and remodeling method is: the rotatable tool rest on the middle supporting plate 13 of engine lathe is unloaded, a high-speed electric expreess locomotive 18 is installed in order to supply with emery wheel 17 High Rotation Speeds.During installation, guarantee that the center line of high-speed electric expreess locomotive 18 output shaft center lines and lathe three-claw chuck 15 is contour.Simultaneously, for guaranteeing the accuracy of processing and feeding, and handled easily, can select lathe is carried out digital improvement or directly numerically controlled lathe transformed, and experimental stage of the present invention is to carry out on the engine lathe through manufacturing and digital improvement are crossed again.
The present invention adopts the processing method of said apparatus to be: workpiece is with the opposite spin of certain speed with respect to skive direction of rotation (being the direction of rotation of high-speed electric expreess locomotive output shaft), during speed of mainshaft 12000rpm, feed speed can reach 60mm/min, and clearance is 2241.96mm
3/ min, realized the highly-efficient processing of ceramic excircle., for preventing that workpiece entrance end from bursting apart, can when will cutting workpiece, emery wheel select little feed speed (, as 1～2mm/min), again the emery wheel feed speed to be improved after incision workpiece 2～3mm.For preventing that the workpiece machined surface from bursting apart, (as 1～2mm/min), distance processing stroke can reduce feed speed to 1～2mm/min while finishing front 2～3mm can to select little feed speed when cutter will finish to cut.One-pass can be removed the thick annular ceramic material of 0～10mm, thereby can obtain the cylindrical ceramic workpiece of arbitrary dimension.
When cutting angle is 90 °, the another kind of processing unit (plant) embodiment that the inventive method can adopt as shown in Figure 2, mainly by lathe bed 21, workbench 22, slowspeed machine 23, scroll chuck 24, skive 25, main spindle box 26, workpiece 27 and tailstock 28, formed, it is to place slowspeed machine 23 transformations of the way to form on the workbench of existing vertical milling machining center, guarantees electrical axis and scroll chuck 24 deads in line while placing motor 23.Workpiece 27 clampings are on fixture 24, and skive 25 clampings are on the fixture of the output of main spindle box 26.The inventive method also can be used for vertical knee-type milling machine (or vertical milling machining center) and upright drill (or vertical drilling machining center).Can select as the case may be different devices, have certain versatility.
Fig. 3 is the workpiece photo that experimental stage of the present invention processes.The Step Shaft of test specimen 31 for processing, diameter smallest end (comprising conical surface part) 311 diameters are that 21mm, length are 32.7mm, wherein conical surface partial-length is 3.73mm; Mid portion 312 diameters are that 23mm, length are 9.3mm; The maximum end of diameter 313 diameters are that 27mm, length are 27mm.
Claims (3)
1. the processing method of the little emery wheel creep feed grinding engineering ceramics of an adjustable cutting angle, be used for the processing to engineering ceramics hard brittle material external cylindrical surface, this little emery wheel is the truncated cone-shaped skive, it is characterized in that: the outside dimension of little emery wheel is φ 10～100mm, and the angle between the bus of emery wheel round platform and emery wheel axis is θ, and the span of this angle theta is between 0 ° to 45 °; Add man-hour, make boart boart wheel axis and axis of workpiece in same level or vertical plane, and by the cutting angle α that sets, process, in process, as cutting angle α greater than 0 ° during less than 45 °, the θ angle of employing emery wheel equals the emery wheel of cutting angle α, utilizes little abrasive wheel end face to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilizes little emery wheel periphery, as secondary cutting face, the work piece outer round surface is carried out reconditioning; As cutting angle α greater than 45 ° during less than 90 °, adopt the θ angle of emery wheel to equal 90 ° of emery wheels that deduct cutting angle α, utilize little emery wheel periphery to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilize little abrasive wheel end face, as secondary cutting face, the work piece outer round surface is carried out reconditioning; When cutting angle was 90 °, the θ angle of adopting emery wheel was the emery wheel of 0 °, added and utilized man-hour little emery wheel periphery to remove work piece outer round surface material as main cutting face, utilized little abrasive wheel end face to carry out reconditioning to machined surface; Little grinding wheel speed is 6000～20000r/min, workpiece rotational frequency 0～5000r/min, and little emery wheel feed speed scope is 60～180mm/min; In the process of described processing, select the little feed speed of 1～2mm/min when emery wheel will be cut workpiece, again the emery wheel feed speed is improved after incision workpiece 2～3mm, to prevent the workpiece machined surface, burst apart; Select the little feed speed of 1～2mm/min when cutter will finish to cut, when distance processing stroke finishes front 2～3mm, reduce feed speed to 1～2mm/min.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the process of described processing, the workpiece rotating direction is opposite with the emery wheel direction of rotation.
3. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the process of described processing, one-pass is removed the thick annular ceramic material of 0～10mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210002444XA CN102513892B (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2012-01-06 | Small grinding wheel creep feed grinding processing method capable of adjusting cutting angle for engineering ceramic |
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| CN201210002444XA CN102513892B (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2012-01-06 | Small grinding wheel creep feed grinding processing method capable of adjusting cutting angle for engineering ceramic |
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| CN102513892B true CN102513892B (en) | 2013-11-13 |
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| CZ306564B6 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-03-08 | S.A.M. - metalizaÄŤnĂ spoleÄŤnost, s.r.o. | A method of machining the surface of the rotating parts and a device for performing this method |
| CN115946029B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-05-23 | 河北通达泵阀集团有限公司 | Polishing device for valve element of ball valve |
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| JP3937148B2 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2007-06-27 | 日本精工株式会社 | Centerless grinding apparatus and centerless grinding method |
| DE10235808B4 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2009-08-20 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method and device for grinding a rotationally symmetrical machine component provided with a longitudinal bore |
| JP2007229879A (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Goei Seisakusho:Kk | Grinding cup wheel |
| CN201329523Y (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-10-21 | 刘鸿彬 | Silicon rod taper or cylindrical numerical control grinder |
| CN101774139B (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2012-02-15 | 田欣利 | Circular turning tool for ceramic excircle processing and axial processing method thereof |
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