CN102513615B - Numerical-control gear cogging method and special equipment - Google Patents
Numerical-control gear cogging method and special equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102513615B CN102513615B CN 201110437027 CN201110437027A CN102513615B CN 102513615 B CN102513615 B CN 102513615B CN 201110437027 CN201110437027 CN 201110437027 CN 201110437027 A CN201110437027 A CN 201110437027A CN 102513615 B CN102513615 B CN 102513615B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cogging method and special equipment for gears machined by a numerical-control machine tool. According to the principle of the common normal and on the basis of two tooth profiles of a gear with a certain number of spanned teeth, a part between teeth of a gear blank is cut off on special numerical-control equipment by two parallel circular saw blades, only a small hobbing allowance S is reserved and then hobbed by a gear hobbing machine, so that the gear is formed, wherein the distance between the two saw blades is equal to the sum of the length L of the common normal and the twice of the hobbing allowance S. A cogging machine tool is designed for cogging of large-modulus gears, machining period of the gears on the hobbing machine can be shortened, and the productivity of the hobbing machine can be improved. Diameter of the cogged workpieces ranges from 2m to 8m, thickness of the cogged gears can be 1m, and the modulus of the cogged gears ranges from 15 to 40. As compared with the conventional gear machining method, the numerical-control gear cogging method, cogging before hobbing, has the advantages that efficiency is increased by 5-8 times and electricity and energy can be saved by 40%-60% according to measurement and calculation during the process of machining blanks of the gears in the same specification into finished products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cutting working method of gear, particularly a kind of cogging method and special equipment of numerical control bed machining gears.
Background technology
Traditional Gear Processing, according to generation method, gear blank is directly used gear-hobbing machine, and rolling cut becomes gear, the part between tooth and the tooth, all be processed into iron filings (a) (seeing Fig. 1), because the rolling cut amount is large, need several cuttves even tens cuttves the gear blank rolling cut could be become gear, the rolling cut time is long, power consumption is large, and output is low.The gear not high to required precision adopts forming tool and forming manufacturing, but the cutter cost is high, and machining accuracy is lower.
What also have uses the finger-type single cutter to carry out machining when (cogging) when roughing, the milling cutter material adopts high-speed tool steel, must under the condition of fully cooling, carry out during cutting, cutting speed can not be above 40 m/mins, its course of work is: the milling cutter of doing gyration moves up and down along the vertical guide rail of lathe bed, the workpiece that is stuck on the rotary table is carried out machining, because processing capacity is large, feed speed is restricted, groove part after the cutting also all becomes iron filings, the low and consume electric power of working (machining) efficiency; The workpiece of every kind of modulus must use the cutter with modulus, so the cutter consumption is large, type is many, troublesome poeration, and work efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to the deficiency for above-mentioned machining gears technology existence, provide a kind of for the large module gear cogging, the process-cycle of gear on gear-hobbing machine be can shorten, cogging method and special equipment thereof that energy consumption improves again the numerical control gear of Gear Production output reduced.
The cogging method of numerical control bed machining gears proposed by the invention, be based on certain two flank profils of striding the number of teeth of gear, the common normal principle is arranged, with two parallel circular saw blade cuttves (A), on the numerical control device of special use, tooth and the part between the tooth of gear blank are downcut (seeing Fig. 2), only stay a small amount of rolling cut surplus §.Then, by gear-hobbing machine the surplus rolling cut is fallen again, be processed into gear.The distance of two circular saw blade cuttves is that base tangent length L adds 2 times rolling cut surplus §.Because the part between tooth and the tooth has become monoblock waste material b, only has the small part blank to be processed into iron filings a (seeing Fig. 3), therefore greatly shortened the process-cycle of whole gear, improved production efficiency.The present invention proposes a kind of cogging method of numerical control gear according to above-mentioned technical conceive, it is characterized in that the cogging of gear comprises following method:
(1) determines the depth of cut of cutter according to module, adopt two saw blade knife (A) carried out machining to gear workpieces simultaneously, the base tangent length L that the inner distance of two saw blade knifes equals workpiece adds 2 times rolling cut surplus §, guarantees that the gear centre line is positioned at the distance center of two saw blade knifes;
(2) saw blade knife (A) from bottom to top cutting in rotary course, two saw blade knifes cut into teeth groove § along two different flank of tooth of the workpiece gear teeth respectively, and two saw blade knifes (A) left this teeth groove simultaneously after cutting was finished;
(3) two saw blade knifes (A) return the precut position of the gear teeth below the gear blank, gear blank also rotates to next tooth position with respect to cutter simultaneously, two saw blade knifes (A) are fed into the depth of cut position again, carry out the cutting of the different flank of tooth of second tooth, the process of repeating step (2) (3) like this, when the teeth groove of two cutter cuttings intersected, waste material (b) came off naturally, finishes the cogging of whole gear.
The gear that the present invention designs cogging is spur gear or helical gear, will make blade plane consistent with oblique gear spiral angle with the Gear axis angle two saw blade knife rotational angles during the helical gear cogging, and this rotational angle is fixed.
The cogging equipment that the present invention is designed according to the said gear cogging method, comprise and drive workbench, slide unit, column, channel crossbar, arc slide plate, main shaft girff, counterweight and digital control system, drive workbench and slide unit level connection joint, the horizontal recessed rail that is positioned at the column bottom surface of slide unit top matches with the slide unit protruding rail, it is characterized in that: the column side is provided with the vertical protruding rail of column, match installation with the channel crossbar of indulging recessed horizontal protruding rail with the vertical protruding rail of column, and the recessed rail of crossbeam matches with the vertical protruding rail of column; Cross beam water plano-convex rail matches with the recessed rail of level on the arc slide plate, and the vertical guide rail of the direction of motion of this concave, convex rail and column is perpendicular; The recessed rail of the level back side at arc slide plate is provided with circular plate rail, and this circle plate rail matches to realize the cutter corner with girff plate rail on the main shaft girff, and the circular saw blade cutter is housed on the output shaft of girff.
The base of described driving workbench is provided with annular lower guideway, have the static pressure oil groove on the lower guideway face, worm screw and worm gear are fixed with base and card separately, be provided with the annular upper rail with the corresponding contact of lower guideway below the worm gear, centration axis is equipped with at the card center, and the worm gear drives card under worm drive is done 360 ° of rotations around centration axis.
The cogging part diameter of the present invention's processing is from 2 meters to 8 meters, and cogging gear thickness reaches 1 meter, and the cogging module is 15～40, and operating ambient temperature is not limit; Through measuring and calculating, gear carries out gear hobbing again through cogging, compares with traditional Gear Processing, and the same specification gear is processed from the blank to the finished product, improves effect 5-8 doubly, economize on electricity 30%-60%, and modulus is larger, saves time, power saving is more obvious, and electricity saving and energy saving reaches 40%-60%; The waste material of processing can be made metal material and recycle, and improves 30～40% than chip utilization rate.It is surely reliable to operate steadily.Cogging lathe of the present invention is to aim at the cogging of large module gear and design, and can shorten the process-cycle of gear on gear-hobbing machine, improves the output of gear-hobbing machine, reduces power consumption, and this numerical control gear blooming mill calibration is accurate, and displacement is accurate, and the rolling cut surplus is even.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing gear workpieces machining sketch chart.
Fig. 2 is gear workpieces process principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is process middle gear blank schematic diagram.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are spur gear process schematic diagram.
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are helical gear process schematic diagram.
Figure 10 be among numerical control blooming mill edge of bed Figure 11 of the present invention C-C to generalized section.
Figure 11 is to cross-sectional view along B-B among Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the working section structural representation.
Figure 13 is arc skateboard schematic diagram.
Figure 14 is main shaft girff structural representation.
Figure 15 is cogging lathe master unit assembly structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Spur gear cogging: be installed on the workbench gear blank and centering, determine the depth of cut of cutter according to module; The distance of two circular saw blade cutter A, adjustment is fixed to the position that base tangent length L adds 2 times of rolling cut surplus §, and to guarantee that the gear centre line is positioned at the distance center of two saw blade knifes, namely the gear centre line is by the distance center (seeing Fig. 4) of two circular saw blade cuttves; The circular saw blade cutter cuts in rotation from bottom to top, and two saw blade knifes cut into teeth groove § along two different flank of tooth of the workpiece gear teeth respectively, and two saw blade knife A left this teeth groove simultaneously after cutting was finished; Then, two precut positions (seeing Fig. 5) of the following gear teeth that circular saw blade cutter A returns gear blank, in this simultaneously, gear blank also rotates to next tooth position with respect to cutter, two circular saw blade cutter A are fed into the depth of cut position of two different flank of tooth again, carry out the cutting of second tooth, reciprocal successively; When the teeth groove of two cutter cuttings intersected, waste material (b) came off naturally, finishes the cogging (seeing Fig. 6) of whole spur gear.
Embodiment 2:
Helical gear cogging: be installed on the workbench gear blank and centering, determine the depth of cut of cutter according to the helical gear modulus; The distance of two circular saw blade cutter A, adjustment is fixed to the position that helical gear base tangent length L adds 2 times of rolling cut surplus §, and to guarantee that the gear centre line is positioned at the distance center of two saw blade knifes, namely the gear centre line is by the distance center of two circular saw blade cuttves; With two circular saw blade cutter A rotational angles, make blade plane consistent with Gear axis angle and oblique gear spiral angle, and fix this rotational angle (seeing Fig. 7);
The circular saw blade cutter cuts in rotation from bottom to top, two saw blade knifes cut teeth groove § along two different flank of tooth of the workpiece gear teeth respectively, according to the tan transmitting gear blank of gear helical angle, two saw blade knife A left this teeth groove simultaneously after cutting was finished simultaneously; Then, two precut positions (seeing Fig. 8) of the following gear teeth that circular saw blade cutter A returns gear blank, in this simultaneously, gear blank also rotates to next tooth position with respect to cutter, two circular saw blade cutter A are fed into the depth of cut position of two different flank of tooth again, carry out the cutting of second tooth, reciprocal successively; When the teeth groove of two cutter cuttings intersected, waste material (b) came off naturally, finishes since then whole helical gear cogging (seeing Fig. 9).
Embodiment 3:
Referring to Figure 10～15, gear cogging Digit Control Machine Tool of the present invention mainly is comprised of driving workbench 1, slide unit 2, column 3, channel crossbar 4, two arc slide plates 5, two main shaft girffs 6, counterweight 7 and digital control systems 8.
The slide unit top is column 3, is designed with the recessed guide rail of rectangular horizontal of level on the column 3, and the column side is provided with vertical rectangular longitudinal protruding rail 3-2, and the trend of two guide rails becomes 90 degree angles.The horizontal recessed rail 3-1 of column 3 bottom surfaces matches with slide unit protruding rail 2-1, slides to the left and right with the level that realizes column 3 and the channel crossbar 4 that combines with column 3, two arc slide plates 5, two main shaft girffs 6, counterweight 7.Channel crossbar 4 is designed with the recessed rail 4-1 of vertical rectangle and horizontal rectangular protruding rail 4-2 (seeing Figure 15), the trend of two guide rails becomes 90 degree angles, the vertical protruding rail 3-2 of the recessed rail 4-1 of crossbeam and column matches, and then realizes channel crossbar 4 and two arc slide plates 5 that combine with channel crossbar 4, the vertical slip of two main shaft girffs 6.The recessed rail 5-1 of the rectangle that arc slide plate 5 is provided with level and circular plate rail 5-2 (seeing Figure 13), cross beam water plano-convex rail 4-2 matches with the recessed rail 5-1 of level on the arc slide plate 5, realize that arc slide plate 5 reaches and slide in the main shaft girff 6 levels front and back of arc slide plate 5 combinations, the vertical guide rail of the direction of motion of this recessed rail 5-1, protruding rail 4-2 and column is perpendicular; Main shaft girff 6 is provided with circular girff plate rail 6-1, the recessed rail 5-1 of the level back side at arc slide plate is provided with circular plate rail 5-2, this circle plate rail matches (seeing Figure 14) with girff plate rail 6-1 on the main shaft girff 6, to realize the saw blade knife corner, circular saw blade cutter A is housed on the output shaft of girff.
The power of machine tool chief axis girff 6 is to select 11 kilowatts of three-phase asynchronous electrics, and is furnished with frequency conversion system, can realize electrodeless variable-speed; Be provided with cooling system in the casing, guarantee that the cooling of lubricating oil reaches lubricated; The drive motors of lathe total movement spare is all selected servomotor, both can realize the single movement of moving component, also can realize the interlock of three-dimensional direction; Moving up and down and the horizontal movement of column 3 of channel crossbar 4, adopt motion steadily, displacement ball-screw-transmission accurately; For ease of changing cutter head, the circular saw blade cutter adopts mechanical clamped cutting tool; Channel crossbar 4 and two arc slide plates 5 that combine with channel crossbar 4, the vertical slip of two main shaft girffs 6 alleviate the lifting resistance by counterweight 7.
Claims (2)
1. the special equipment of the cogging method of a numerical control gear, the cogging of this gear comprises following method:
(1) determines the depth of cut of cutter according to module, adopt two circular saw blade cuttves (A) simultaneously gear workpieces to be carried out machining, the base tangent length L that the inner distance of two circular saw blade cuttves equals workpiece adds 2 times rolling cut surplus §, guarantees that the gear centre line is positioned at the distance center of two circular saw blade cuttves;
(2) circular saw blade cutter (A) from bottom to top cutting in rotary course, two circular saw blade cuttves cut into teeth groove § along two different flank of tooth of the workpiece gear teeth respectively, and two circular saw blade cuttves (A) left this teeth groove simultaneously after cutting was finished;
(3) two circular saw blade cuttves (A) return the precut position of the gear teeth below the gear blank, gear blank also rotates to next tooth position with respect to cutter simultaneously, two circular saw blade cuttves (A) are fed into the depth of cut position again, carry out the cutting of the different flank of tooth of second tooth, when the teeth groove of two circular saw blade cutter cuttings does not intersect, turn back to step (2), when the teeth groove of two circular saw blade cutter cuttings intersects, execution in step (4);
(4) waste material (b) comes off naturally, finishes the cogging of whole gear;
The gear of described cogging is spur gear or helical gear, will with two circular saw blade cuttves (A) rotational angle, make blade plane consistent with oblique gear spiral angle with the Gear axis angle, and this rotational angle is fixed during the helical gear cogging;
The special equipment of the cogging method of described numerical control gear, comprise the driving workbench, slide unit, column, channel crossbar, arc slide plate, the main shaft girff, counterweight and digital control system, it is characterized in that: drive workbench (1) and slide unit (2) level connection joint, the horizontal recessed rail (3-1) that is positioned at column (3) bottom surface of slide unit top matches with slide unit protruding rail (2-1), the column side is provided with the vertical protruding rail (3-2) of column, match installation with the channel crossbar (4) of indulging recessed horizontal protruding rail with the vertical protruding rail of column, and the recessed rail of crossbeam (4-1) matches with the vertical protruding rail (3-2) of column; Cross beam water plano-convex rail (4-2) matches with the recessed rail of level (5-1) on the arc slide plate (5), and the vertical protruding rail (3-2) of the direction of motion of the recessed rail of this level (5-1), cross beam water plano-convex rail (4-2) and column is perpendicular; The recessed rail of level (5-1) back side at arc slide plate is provided with circular plate rail (5-2), this circle plate rail matches to realize the cutter corner with girff plate rail (6-1) on the main shaft girff (6), and described circular saw blade cutter (A) is housed on the output shaft of girff.
2. the special equipment of the cogging method of numerical control gear according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the base (1-1) that drives workbench (1) is provided with annular lower guideway (1-6), have static pressure oil groove (1-7) on the lower guideway face, worm screw (1-3) and worm gear (1-4) are fixing with base (1-1) and card (1-2) separately, be provided with the annular upper rail (1-8) with the corresponding contact of lower guideway below the worm gear, centration axis (1-5) is equipped with at the card center, and the worm gear drives card (1-2) under worm drive is done 360 ° of rotations around centration axis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110437027 CN102513615B (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Numerical-control gear cogging method and special equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110437027 CN102513615B (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Numerical-control gear cogging method and special equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102513615A CN102513615A (en) | 2012-06-27 |
| CN102513615B true CN102513615B (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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| CN 201110437027 Expired - Fee Related CN102513615B (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Numerical-control gear cogging method and special equipment |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105234495A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-01-13 | 中钢集团衡阳重机有限公司 | Method for simultaneously pre-machining multiple tooth grooves of gear through disc-shaped gear milling cutters |
| CN106493528A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-03-15 | 上海裕顺机械厂 | A kind of processing technology of gear |
| CN106825711B (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-16 | 中国农业大学 | The method for milling of enveloping worm hob spiral chip flute |
| CN106825710B (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-08-31 | 中国农业大学 | The milling method of enveloping worm hob spiral chip flute |
| CN108356492A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-03 | 浙江同力重型机械制造有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of gear wheel sawtooth for huge revolving cylinder |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4750848A (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1988-06-14 | Harold Adler | Involute gear cutter |
| DE4027156A1 (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1992-03-12 | Lange Frank Dipl Kaufm | Adjustable support for hack-saw - enables hack-saw to be moved horizontally or vertically or rotated about vertical axis |
| CN201446309U (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-05-05 | 孙礼盛 | Semiautomatic large-scale gear slotting machine |
| CN101767226A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-07 | 张占元 | Method for machining gear tooth of large module gear by double-cutter jacking |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5815624A (en) * | 1981-07-17 | 1983-01-29 | Komatsu Ltd | Teeth cutting device for large module gear |
| JPS59120524U (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1984-08-14 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Large modular gear gear cutting device |
-
2011
- 2011-12-20 CN CN 201110437027 patent/CN102513615B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4750848A (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1988-06-14 | Harold Adler | Involute gear cutter |
| DE4027156A1 (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1992-03-12 | Lange Frank Dipl Kaufm | Adjustable support for hack-saw - enables hack-saw to be moved horizontally or vertically or rotated about vertical axis |
| CN101767226A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-07 | 张占元 | Method for machining gear tooth of large module gear by double-cutter jacking |
| CN201446309U (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-05-05 | 孙礼盛 | Semiautomatic large-scale gear slotting machine |
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