CN102509344A - Real-time drawing method based on nonuniform sampling three-dimensional object reflection - Google Patents
Real-time drawing method based on nonuniform sampling three-dimensional object reflection Download PDFInfo
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- CN102509344A CN102509344A CN2011102978797A CN201110297879A CN102509344A CN 102509344 A CN102509344 A CN 102509344A CN 2011102978797 A CN2011102978797 A CN 2011102978797A CN 201110297879 A CN201110297879 A CN 201110297879A CN 102509344 A CN102509344 A CN 102509344A
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Abstract
The invention provides a real-time drawing method based on nonuniform sampling three-dimensional object reflection. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a sampling templete of a reflected object image, generating a reflected object nonuniform sampling deformation pattern according to the sampling templete, and finally, drawing the reflection effect in the scene by the deformation pattern reconstructed nonuniform sampling image. The algorithm for automatically generating the sampling templete can draw the reflection phenomenon in real time. The reflection in the scene is more realistic when being drawn under the condition of low overall resolution (small reflection calculated amount), thereby achieving the goal of enhancing sense of reality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of real-time drawing method based on the reflection of nonuniform sampling three dimensional object.
Background technology
Illumination calculation is one of important technology that the sense of reality is drawn in the computer graphics always, and reflex is the core content in the illumination model especially.Reflect so important because it not only shows aesthetic values in drawing result, and can disclose the geological information of object, like the shape of object, position relation etc. between object.People have carried out a large amount of research to the real-time rendering that reflects in the scene, but still do not find out a kind of on effect and efficient gratifying method simultaneously.Therefore, the real-time paint reflection of three-dimensional body is the focus that photo realism graphic is drawn always, also is difficult point simultaneously.
Paint reflection in the scene means the problem that need consider these several aspects to each pixel: whether this light intersects with reflecting surface; If intersect, calculate the intersection point illumination information corresponding with this some place; Continue to follow the tracks of this reflection ray for complex scene, judge whether with scene in other reflecting body intersect.At present the algorithm of paint reflection mainly concentrates on the algorithm of improvement and mixing of Environment and ray trace.These methods are normally raised the efficiency or one of effect, do not realize the requirement that the two strengthens simultaneously.
In recent years, experts and scholars have also obtained certain achievement in research at aspects such as nonuniform sampling and paint reflections:
1) nonuniform sampling
Williams etc. have proposed the mipmapping technology, are used for accelerating to draw through making of image look-up table, do not draw effect but improve.The sampling of the mipmap image of each layer has still uniformly more high-risely been stored more pixels, even the resolution of the regional area of this layer does not have high requirement like this.The Kd-tree of spatial level partitioning technology such as Louis Bentley has improved rendering efficiency, but sampling rate lacks continuity.The image that the Kd-tree of optimizations such as Silpa-Anan representes improves former method, can be used in compression of images and the pattern match, but is not suitable for the drafting based on image.In drafting, can incorporate the Kd-tree technology, but each leaf is the single image of an independent access among this moment Kd-tree, and these leaves can be obtained by mipmap technology based on image.The nonuniform sampling image couples together two kinds of technology well continuously---and the image of the continuous nonuniform sampling of a width of cloth can carry out mipmap to be handled, same, and the every leaf of Kd-tree can be the different images after handling.
Nonuniform sampling can also the visual range restriction realizes in the traditional images through breaking through.Gascuel points out because the development of graphic hardware makes the sampling pattern of variation become possibility, has avoided early stage because the storage restriction causes the problem of undersampling.Meanwhile, also have some researchs to attempt to break away from the constraint of traditional images single view, obtaining some achievements aspect the camera model improvement, like the camera model of blocking of people's such as Yu general linear camera and Mei etc.Continuously nonuniform sampling has been optimized these methods, and the image that generates for the image that improves visual range and non-pinhole camera has increased the advantage of flexible sampling.
Based on the importance sampling method of GPU is the method for a kind of treatment surface reflecting effect of proposing in 2007 such as Colbert; For the higher sampling density of the big region allocation of illumination contribution amount; Otherwise then distribute lower sampling density; Adopt mipmap to filter the distortion of eliminating texture simultaneously, but this method can only show local lighting effect; On this basis; Xuan Yu etc. utilized Geometry Image structure LOD (Level of Detail) in 2008; Using the importance sampling method, is that every sampling light distributes solid angle in BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) ergodic process, carries out adaptive LOD level according to solid angle and selects; Improve the speed of playing up, but only be applicable to the model that processing Geometry Image representes.
2) reflecting effect is drawn
Comparatively common reflection material object method for drafting mainly contains three types at present: Environment method, image space method and ray tracing method.
When the environment for use pinup picture is played up reflecting body, a direction, index Environment, the color value that obtains reflexing to according to reflected ray.This method from reflecting body scene far away, can obtain good effect for object; But, then can produce bigger deviation for object nearby.Simultaneously, Environment can't show dynamic scene in addition.
(Image-based modeling and rendering IBMR) can be used for handling reflecting effect equally based on the modeling of image space and drafting.Light field is played up technology and can be used to calculate reflection, and its content is under the condition of depth information that does not need image or correlativity, through one group of scene photo taking in advance, sets up the light field data storehouse of this scene, realizes the roaming to whole scene.Even but this method also need be stored a large amount of light information to the small-scale scene.Lischinski etc. have proposed a kind of based on depth of seam division figure (layered depth images, scene method for expressing LDIs).The scene solid is by the LDIs institute record of 3 quadratures.Scene information under the viewpoint is stored in the light field of low resolution LDIs, is used to provide smooth reflective information.Direct reflection is then played up through the LDIs of ray tracing solid.Reduce memory space though do like this, but reduced interactivity.Hakura etc. have described a kind of parameterized Environment, are made up of the reference reflected image of one group of precomputation.These images carry out parametrization under the situation that satisfies most Minimum Mean Square Error, just reflect reflecting effect when they are as Environment so more really.Near reference view reflecting body can obtain reflecting effect preferably, draws the advantage of having utilized the hardware supports Environment simultaneously.But shortcoming is very long pre-service (each viewpoint was above 20 minutes).
The ray tracing algorithm can calculate reflecting effect accurately, obtains high-quality drawing image.Ray tracing is lower than feed forward method efficient, and main cause is that it need spend sizable calculated amount and confirms that which pel has influenced current output pixel point.Number of research projects is devoted to how to quicken the ray tracing algorithm.Ward etc. have only realized general having a GPU that floating-point vector point is expanded with one, reach the real-time ray-tracing rendering of little scene.Simultaneously, the speed of off-line ray tracing has also been quickened in the development of hardware.And parallel computer and cluster through shared storage can also be realized the real-time ray tracing of large scale scene.Fixed function pipeline in original graphics accelerator, the pipeline able to programme that nowadays also has been supported summit and Pixel-level substitutes, so the ray tracing algorithm based on programmable GPU also occurred.Though Programmable GPU is enough to handle limited ray tracing, for present stage, GPU still still is main feedforward drawing engine.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: compare with traditional three dimensional object paint reflection; Based on the utilization of the three dimensional object of nonuniform sampling reflection real-time rendering is the sampling pattern of deforming template control reconstruct low-resolution image; And then realize that paint reflection calculates efficiently, improved the sense of reality of drawing effect.
The present invention proposes a kind of real-time drawing method based on the reflection of nonuniform sampling three dimensional object, it is characterized in that: specifically can be divided into following three steps:
(1) according to the reflecting body under the current view point and the body that is reflected; Manually or automatically generate the nonuniform sampling template: said sampling template is confirmed the distribution of the sampled point of piece image; Said distribution is an irregular two-dimensional mesh trrellis diagram; Said irregular being meant: after the two-dimensional grid distortion of rule, the area of each little grid of correspondence image high-resolution areas is bigger than each little quadrilateral area in the two-dimensional mesh trrellis diagram of the preceding rule of distortion; The area of the little grid in corresponding low resolution zone is littler than each little quadrilateral area in the two-dimensional mesh trrellis diagram of the preceding rule of distortion; The sampling template is the set of net point after equally distributed two-dimensional mesh lattice point position is distorted; It has directly defined the change of each net point position, and promptly how the pixel position of image will be mapped on the position of corresponding pixel points in the continuous nonuniform sampling image; Non-deformation position on the given original image (u, v) and width of cloth sampling template SM, the deformation position (u that it is corresponding
d, v
d) through the method for bilinear interpolation search SM go up (u, position v) obtains;
(2) according to the high resolving power original image of the sampling template that generates with the body that is reflected; The image of nonuniform sampling of body can reconstruct obtains being reflected: the grid chart that is obtained the distortion of width of cloth two dimension by step (1); The template of promptly sampling SM, what each grid vertex was bound is the coordinate figure of the regular grid of correspondence; In conjunction with SM and given high-resolution original image, re-use mip pinup picture technology mipmapping, can reconstruct the deformation pattern of the low resolution of nonuniform sampling, each pixel need be noted depth value on the deformation pattern;
(3) the nonuniform sampling depth map to the reflecting body in the scene and the deformation pattern reconstruct of the nonuniform sampling of the body that is reflected carries out the reflecting effect drafting.
Compare with original algorithm; The main contribution of this algorithm is embodied in following 2 points: the whole resolution of volume image that is reflected is lower; But the focus area of visual attention location has higher resolution, can on the basis of reducing whole amount of light of following the tracks of, draw out the high-resolution reflecting effect of regional area like this; The automatic generation of sampling template can realize the real-time rendering that three dimensional object reflects in the dynamic scene.All calculating that method of the present invention relates to are all carried out in GPU, can reach real-time performance.
Description of drawings
The sample deformation process figure of template of Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 algorithm overall flow figure;
Fig. 3 reflection spot record diagram;
Fig. 4 focus area control chart;
Fig. 5 focus area circular fit figure;
Fig. 6 nonuniform sampling image reconstruction figure;
Fig. 7 reflecting effect figure;
The sharpness that Fig. 8 (a) goes up figure below Chinese words is close, Fig. 8 (b). and the contour sharpness of going up lotus in figure below is close, and the sharpness that Fig. 8 (c) goes up figure below Chinese words is close, Fig. 8 (d). go up the medium and small bird of figure below details exhibit comparable on one's body.
Embodiment
The idiographic flow of three dimensional object paint reflection algorithm of the present invention is seen Fig. 2, and its implementation is specific as follows
Step 1: the sampling template of obtaining distortion
Observe an object under the normal condition, the emphasis that human vision is paid close attention to all can rest on one or more special region of object, is referred to as the visual focus zone here.Nonuniform sampling promptly will let the focus area of vision compare with other zones of image to possess higher resolution.The deformation process of sampling template is among the present invention, at first constructs the rule mesh trrellis diagram of a g*h, manually specifies a circle here, and visual focus corresponding during the circle inner region promptly reflects is regional.The center of circle is that O is the initial point of the coordinate system of current circle, and the arbitrary net point P in the circle makes it move the distance of F (P) along the OP direction; All the other points are done similar move operation in the circle.Wherein to move formula following for the x direction of principal axis:
F(x)＝x+size*(1-x
2) (1)
Wherein, x is the horizontal ordinate that P is ordered, and the value of x is mapped to [1,1], and size is a coefficient, and ((n+1) * m/r can calculate size＜r/ (2n+1) according to deformation restriction relation F (the n*m/r)＜F of two adjacent net points.Here n is that m is the length of side of single grid less than the grid number purpose arbitrary integer the edge from the center of circle to circle, and r is the radius of a circle of appointment.In like manner, the y axle is done same variation, after the distortion is exactly important media---sampling template in the rendering algorithm process among the present invention, and is as shown in Figure 1.
In order to reach the real-time paint reflection of three-dimensional body, key is to improve the manually computational problem of sampling template, the dynamic sampling template that generates automatically.This method is introduced focal point control figure realize sampling the automatically generation of template.Be the construction algorithm of focal point control figure below:
Reflecting body A in the scene, the body B that is reflected in the scene, current view point V;
A. arrive the light ray of the summit S of A from V, judge whether the reflection ray of ray intersects with B.If intersect, obtain joining S ' and write down its position on impostor (representing the view plane of viewpoint with impostor) in the B dead ahead; Otherwise, judge next summit.Shown in Figure 3 in the experiment scene of the present invention, under certain viewpoint, the reflection spot location drawing that the spherical reflecting body of use obtains;
B. impostor is divided into the two-dimensional grid of specification, each the quadrilateral area record reflection spot number wherein on the traversal grid.Using statistical principle to find out the distribution situation that impostor goes up the reflected ray intersection point, promptly find out all quadrilaterals and the mark that outnumber certain threshold value of intersection point, is exactly the focal point control figure that uses among the present invention like Fig. 4.To put densely distributed marked region as far as possible and be fitted in the circle, find the center of circle O and the radius r of this circle, like Fig. 5;
C. the circle in the back is carried out deformation process, the variation of promptly using formula (1) to calculate the coordinate in length and breadth of each point in the circle, thus the grid chart that obtains a distortion is sampling template SM required among the present invention.
Step 2: the nonuniform sampling image of reconstruct low resolution
Sampling template SM that is obtained by previous calculations and given high-resolution original image I can reconstruct the deformation pattern of nonuniform sampling.Concrete steps are following:
I) the structure size is the two-dimentional regular grid QM of α * β;
A. vertex v
Ij=SM (i, j);
B. texture coordinate;
Ii) with resolution w
c* h
cTo the painted (w of QM
c* h
cThe image resolution ratio of expression reconstruct);
C. according to different grid size among the SM; Utilize I to carry out mipmapping and search each the pixel (s that confirms QM; T) (s, t represent the coordinate figure in length and breadth of each pixel among the QM respectively) pixel value of locating so just can reconstruct the deformation pattern (see figure 6) of low resolution;
Here, i.e. this texture coordinate of the coordinate of the grid vertex nothing distortion of binding.
Step 3: paint reflection
Carry out paint reflection with depth map and can overcome the problems such as uncontinuity that motion parallax and movement of objects cause, the present invention will use the depth information of the image of final distortion in the step 2 equally when paint reflection.
Deformation pattern depth image DI and light ray intersect calculating as follows:
If the bounding box of ray and DI is non-intersect, then return no intersection point.Otherwise the bounding box of DI carries out cutting to ray obtains light ray
c
With ray
cObtain line segment ray on the plane of projection DI
p
To ray
pCarry out rasterizing and handle, search ray
pIntersection point with DI height territory.If exist intersection point just painted, be not left intact if do not exist then to it.
The reflecting effect of the three dimensional object that use the inventive method is drawn is as shown in Figure 7; For different reflection graphic picture among the figure; Under the similar situation of the resolution in visual focus zone; Provided the traditional images of the different bodies that are reflected and the comparison of nonuniform sampling image size in the table 1, its different reflecting effect is seen Fig. 8.
The comparison of table 1 different situations hypograph size
| Reflected image | Fig. 8 a | Fig. 8 b | Fig. 8 c | Fig. 8 d |
| Non-homogeneous | 518 | 578.1 | 442.4 | 682.2 |
| Tradition | 2334.7 | 1873.9 | 2211.8 | 2099.2 |
Table 1 is traditional images and nonuniform sampling image relatively; The form of image all is bmp; The unit of data is K in the table; If theirs possesses close resolution at focus area, the memory capacity of non-uniform image is much littler than even image, and the advantage on the drafting efficient of the inventive method has showed soon so.
Fig. 8 is non-homogeneous and even image reflection effect contrast figure, the high-definition picture reflecting effect of top row's expression uniform sampling, the ground image in different resolution reflecting effect of expression nonuniform sampling below among the figure; Can find out that from the comparison of Fig. 8 (a)-(d) the even image of the non-uniform image of low resolution and high-resolution is behind paint reflection, on focus area, their drafting effect is very nearly the same.So method of the present invention does not reduce the sense of reality effect of paint reflection when improving drafting efficient, promptly under the situation of not sacrificing effect, promoted efficient.
Claims (1)
1. real-time drawing method based on nonuniform sampling three dimensional object reflection is characterized in that: specifically can be divided into following three steps:
(1) according to the reflecting body under the current view point and the body that is reflected; Manually or automatically generate the nonuniform sampling template: said sampling template is confirmed the distribution of the sampled point of piece image; Said distribution is an irregular two-dimensional mesh trrellis diagram; Said irregular being meant: after the two-dimensional grid distortion of rule, the area of each little grid of correspondence image high-resolution areas is bigger than each little quadrilateral area in the two-dimensional mesh trrellis diagram of the preceding rule of distortion; The area of the little grid in corresponding low resolution zone is littler than each little quadrilateral area in the two-dimensional mesh trrellis diagram of the preceding rule of distortion; The sampling template is the set of net point after equally distributed two-dimensional mesh lattice point position is distorted; It has directly defined the change of each net point position, and promptly how the pixel position of image will be mapped on the position of corresponding pixel points in the continuous nonuniform sampling image; Non-deformation position on the given original image (u, v) and width of cloth sampling template SM, the deformation position (u that it is corresponding
d, v
d) through the method for bilinear interpolation search SM go up (u, position v) obtains;
(2) according to the high resolving power original image of the sampling template that generates with the body that is reflected; The image of nonuniform sampling of body can reconstruct obtains being reflected: the grid chart that is obtained the distortion of width of cloth two dimension by step (1); The template of promptly sampling SM, what each grid vertex was bound is the coordinate figure of the regular grid of correspondence; In conjunction with SM and given high-resolution original image, re-use mip pinup picture technology mipmapping, can reconstruct the deformation pattern of the low resolution of nonuniform sampling, each pixel need be noted depth value on the deformation pattern;
(3) the nonuniform sampling depth map to the reflecting body in the scene and the deformation pattern reconstruct of the nonuniform sampling of the body that is reflected carries out the reflecting effect drafting.
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| WO2016112823A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Beijing Zhigu Rui Tuo Tech Co., Ltd. | Display control methods and apparatuses, display devices |
| CN107093193A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-08-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for building depth map by video camera |
| CN108230378A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Processing Algorithm is blocked in a kind of calculating holography based on ray tracing |
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| WO2016112823A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Beijing Zhigu Rui Tuo Tech Co., Ltd. | Display control methods and apparatuses, display devices |
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