CN102509267B - Retrospective off-line gating method for intravascular ultrasound image sequence - Google Patents

Retrospective off-line gating method for intravascular ultrasound image sequence Download PDF

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CN102509267B
CN102509267B CN 201110350233 CN201110350233A CN102509267B CN 102509267 B CN102509267 B CN 102509267B CN 201110350233 CN201110350233 CN 201110350233 CN 201110350233 A CN201110350233 A CN 201110350233A CN 102509267 B CN102509267 B CN 102509267B
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signal
frame
cardiac cycle
value
implicit
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CN102509267A (en
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孙正
刘存
刘冰茹
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a retrospective off-line gating method for an intravascular ultrasound image sequence, comprising the following steps of: firstly, estimating an approximate value of an average heart rate; then, analyzing the periodical variation of the gray value of the image in each frame to extract a signal implying a cardiac cycle; executing band-pass filtering on the signal to remove the constituents caused by non-heart movement factors; finally, selecting a frame number corresponding to a local maximum or minimum of the filtered signal as a sampling point of each cardiac cycle to finish selection of a gating frame. In the method, the selection of the gating frame can be finished just by the gray information of the image, and the computational complexity is lower. For the method, ECG (Electrocardiograph) signals are not used, manual operations of operators are not needed, and the result is free from the influence of noise, texture variation and background area of the image.

Description

A kind of retrospective off line gate control method of ivus image sequence
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic (intravascular ultrasound, IVUS) image sequence in the non-ecg-gating coronary artery that covers a plurality of cardiac cycles be carried out the method for retrospective off line gate, belong to the medical imaging technology field.
Background technology
In withdrawing ultrasound catheter and gathering the process of ultrasonic image sequence in coronary artery, the sonac that the blood flow of periodically beating in heart movement and arterial lumen can cause being positioned at catheter tip produces length travel on the long axis direction of coronary artery blood vessel, and conduit also can change to some extent with respect to the angle of lumen of vessels.In addition, caliber coronarius also expression characteristics variation in cardiac cycle.Under the acting in conjunction of these factors, there is cyclical variation in the gray feature of the lumen of vessels transversal section ultrasonic image sequence that collects, so is in fact implying Phase of cardiac cycle information in the IVUS image sequence.This phenomenon is exactly by the correction of motion artefacts due to heart movement, shows as the vascular wall edge and present serrate in the vertical view of IVUS, shows as the dislocation of tube chamber xsect between consecutive frame in transverse views.
Adopt electrocardio (ECG) triggering technique, the same phase in a period of time (being generally the R ripple) in each cardiac cycle gathers image, can reach the purpose that suppresses correction of motion artefacts, is divided into perspective electrocardio and triggers and retrospective sampling dual mode.The former deficiency is: the most of intravascular ultrasound imaging system of clinical employing does not comprise special-purpose ECG gate image collecting device; Compare at least three times of image acquisition time lengthening with the non-gate acquisition mode that withdraws continuously ultrasound catheter; The image sequence of phase when adopting this mode only can obtain a specific heart, and study the biomechanics characteristic of coronary artery and measure endarterial hemodynamic parameter etc. according to the IVUS image sequence, need to analyze arteries not in the same time distortion in cardiac cycle, thereby limited IVUS application in this regard.The latter's deficiency is: the ECG signal is to record outside the patient body by the contact that sticks on patient's chest, is that the Physiological Electrical Characteristics of heart is reflected in the signal of body surface by bone, muscle and skin etc.And the IVUS image is to gather by the ultrasonic probe that inserts Endovascular, and both can not be synchronous.And which in cardiac cycle be the present also neither one clear and definite standard of generally acknowledging determine to adopt constantly as optimum sampling point, can obtain degree of stability between largest frames.
In the deficiency aspect the inhibition correction of motion artefacts, in recent years, image-based gate (image-based gating) technology becomes the study hotspot in this field gradually based on above-mentioned ECG gating technology.early stage exemplary process is H. Zhu, K.D. Oakeson, M.H. Friedman. Retrieval of cardiac phase from IVUS sequences. Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Medical Imaging 2003:Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing, 2003, 5035:135-146 and S.K. Nadkarni, D.R. Boughner, A. Fenster. Image-based cardiac gating for three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 2005, 31 (1): 53-63, ultimate principle is the area that surrounds by the lumen of vessels outline line that calculating is partitioned into from each two field picture, analyze the Changing Pattern of whole image sequence medium vessels chamber size.The weak point of these class methods is that it uses prerequisite is accurately to cut apart each two field picture, the precision of analysis result depends on the precision of image segmentation to a great extent, and due to the IVUS image partition method that also there is no at present a kind of full automatic, robust, thereby limited its application.
the exemplary process of cutting apart with the contour level graphical analysis of feature extraction that need not carry out in advance image is S. A. de Winter, R. Hamers, M. Degertekin, K. Tanabe, P. A. Lemos, P. W. Serruys, J. R. Roelandt, N. Bruining. Retrospective image-based gating of intracoronary ultrasound images for improved quantitative analysis:The Intelligate method. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions, 2004, 61 (1): a kind of disclosed method that improves visual effect of ultrasonic image in coronary artery of 84-94 and China Patent No.: ZL 2,009 1 0075133.4.The ultimate principle of said method is the normalized crosscorrelation of computed image gray feature, as the measurement to similarity between each two field picture, build the difference matrix of whole image sequence, and by analyzing the periodic structure of difference matrix, the two field picture that searching gathers at the heart movement of each cardiac cycle the most a little slower (being diastasis) forms the gate sequence.The main weak point of these class methods is to weigh the overall similarity measurement that relates to all pixels in image of the measurement standard employing of the similarity (or diversity factor) between the different frame image, thereby its analysis result very easily is subject to the impact of noise, texture variations and background area in image.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of retrospective off line gate control method of ivus image sequence, it need not special-purpose ECG gate image collecting device, also need not to utilize the ECG signal, do not need each two field picture is cut apart, and result is not affected by noise, texture variations and background area in image.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of retrospective off line gate control method of ivus image sequence, at first it estimate the approximate value of average heart rate from the IVUS image sequence; Then by analyzing the cyclical variation of each two field picture gray-scale value, extract the signal of implicit cardiac cycle; Again this signal is carried out bandpass filtering, remove by the composition due to non-heart movement factor; Choose at last with filtering after the local maximum of signal or frame number corresponding to minimal value, as the sampled point of each cardiac cycle, complete the choosing of gate frame, concrete steps are as follows:
The approximate value of a, estimation average heart rate:
At first calculate the difference value of average gray value between each frame of IVUS image sequence IVUS image
Figure 916536DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
:
Figure 905220DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein,
Figure 719593DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
In formula,
Figure 10897DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
With
Figure 871405DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Respectively in the IVUS image sequence iFrame and jTwo field picture ( , MThe totalframes of image sequence), its size is
Figure 208026DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Pixel,
Figure 794865DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
With
Figure 549194DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Be respectively
Figure 20627DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
With
Figure 137487DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Average gray value; NCC is the normalized crosscorrelation of two frame IVUS image averaging gray-scale values;
Then the counting period is kThe mean difference value of two frame IVUS images of frame
Figure 301752DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
:
Figure 12219DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 552922DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Right at last
Figure 524289DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Carry out Fourier transform, the corresponding frequency of its amplitude spectrum peak of curve is the approximate value of average heart rate R
The signal of b, implicit cardiac cycle of extraction:
At first, for size be
Figure 593876DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Each pixel in the IVUS image of pixel, the Normalized Grey Level value of corresponding position on each two field picture in the statistical picture sequence produces an one dimension grey scale change signal
Figure 57219DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
, wherein
Figure 995088DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Frame number,
Figure 696328DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The Normalized Grey Level value, footnote Horizontal ordinate and the ordinate of pixel, for whole image sequence, total
Figure 12088DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Individual grey scale change signal; Secondly, to whole
Figure 363435DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Individual grey scale change signal carries out Fourier transform, after obtaining its frequency spectrum, removes in frequency RPlace's amplitude spectrum value equals 0 or be approximately equal to 0 signal; At last remaining grey scale change signal is averaged, obtain the one-dimensional signal of an implicit cardiac cycle
Figure 715919DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
C, the signal of implicit cardiac cycle is carried out filtering:
Adopting centre frequency is the approximate value of average heart rate R, the passband interval is
Figure 251943DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Bandpass filter to the one-dimensional signal of implicit cardiac cycle Carry out filtering, remove by the random geometry of lumen of vessels itself, unsettled heart rate, and the signal content due to the factor such as respiratory movement, obtain implying the signal of cardiac cycle
Figure 844915DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
The signal of d, implicit cardiac cycle of basis
Figure 645381DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Choose the gate frame:
Detect the signal of implicit cardiac cycle
Figure 227672DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Local maximum or the corresponding frame number of minimal value, with the sampled point as each cardiac cycle, complete choosing the gate frame.
The present invention does not need each frame IVUS image is carried out cutting apart and feature extraction in advance, only need utilize the half-tone information of image just can complete choosing of gate frame, has reduced the complexity of calculating, and need not operator's manual participation, automatically completes.This method is by analyzing the frequency spectrum of grey scale change signal, removed the pixel that background etc. does not comprise heart movement information, and the factors such as picture noise and texture variations that reduced are on the impact of result of calculation.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the IVUS image sequence before gate;
Fig. 2 is the IVUS image sequence after employing the inventive method.
In figure or formula, each symbol is: ,
Figure 970686DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
, in the IVUS image sequence iFrame and jTwo field picture;
Figure 766604DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
, iTwo field picture
Figure 785375DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
With jTwo field picture
Figure 791377DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Between the difference value of average gray value; The normalized crosscorrelation of NCC, two frame IVUS image averaging gray-scale values; N, the IVUS image pixel total columns and total line number;
Figure 819376DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
, iTwo field picture
Figure 469800DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Average gray value;
Figure 518528DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
, jTwo field picture Average gray value; M, the IVUS image sequence totalframes; , be spaced apart kThe mean difference value of two frame IVUS images of frame; R, patient's average heart rate approximate value;
Figure 94586DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
, the IVUS image sequence one dimension grey scale change signal, wherein
Figure 720739DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Frame number,
Figure 311121DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The Normalized Grey Level value, footnote
Figure 274398DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Horizontal ordinate and the ordinate of pixel;
Figure 430572DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, implicit cardiac cycle one-dimensional signal;
Figure 696469DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
, the implicit cardiac cycle after filtering signal;
Figure 898780DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
, signal
Figure 275535DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
First order derivative.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the step of the inventive method comprises:
(1) estimate the approximate value of average heart rate:
At first, calculate the difference value of average gray value between each frame IVUS image
Figure 879691DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
:
Figure 909964DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(1)
Wherein,
Figure 474938DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(2)
In formula (1) and (2),
Figure 780017DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
With
Figure 645205DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Respectively in the IVUS image sequence iFrame and jTwo field picture (
Figure 252904DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
), its size is
Figure 429807DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Pixel, average gray value is respectively
Figure 945102DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
With
Figure 133638DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
MIt is the totalframes of image sequence; NCC is the normalized crosscorrelation of two frame IVUS image averaging gray-scale values.
Then, the counting period is kThe mean difference value of two frame IVUS images of frame
Figure 36872DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
:
Figure 107596DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 629844DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
(3)
Right
Figure 63100DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Carry out Fourier transform, the corresponding frequency of its amplitude spectrum peak of curve is the approximate value of average heart rate R(unit: beats/min, i.e. Hz).
(2) extract the signal of implicit cardiac cycle:
According to the characteristics of ultrasonoscopy, the gray-scale value of pixel and the density dependent that is imaged tissue.For the IVUS image sequence, that the fixed pixel position obtains, with the one dimension grey scale change signal reflection of time-independent be the situation of change of image sequence medium vessels tissue density.
At first the present invention carries out normalized to the gray-scale value of each frame IVUS image, is about to the gray-scale value of each pixel divided by 255.Then, for size be
Figure 543760DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Each pixel in the IVUS image of pixel, the Normalized Grey Level value of corresponding position on each two field picture in the statistical picture sequence produces an one dimension grey scale change signal
Figure 570622DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
, wherein
Figure 755615DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Frame number,
Figure 449902DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The Normalized Grey Level value, footnote
Figure 835884DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Horizontal ordinate and the ordinate of pixel.For whole image sequence, total Individual grey scale change signal.
Because the pixel in non-angiosomes does not comprise heart movement information, to the not contribution of signal of extracting implicit cardiac cycle, thereby the grey scale change signal that is produced by this class pixel should be removed, thereby the ground unrest in the minimizing image and texture variations etc. are on the impact of result of calculation.Consider that the grey scale change signal approximation that is produced by non-angiosomes pixel is direct current signal, thereby the peak value of its amplitude spectrum should be positioned near zero frequency point in theory, in the average heart rate approximate value RThe spectral magnitude at place equals 0.Therefore the present invention is to whole
Figure 604306DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Individual grey scale change signal carries out Fourier transform, after obtaining its frequency spectrum, removes those in frequency RThe amplitude spectrum value at place equals 0 or be approximately equal to 0 signal, thereby completes the rejecting to the grey scale change signal that is produced by non-angiosomes pixel.
At last remaining grey scale change signal is averaged, obtain the one-dimensional signal of an implicit cardiac cycle
Figure 887519DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, wherein
Figure 303457DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Frame number,
Figure 570490DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
It is the Normalized Grey Level value.
(3) signal of implicit cardiac cycle carried out filtering:
Obtain in step (2) implicit cardiac cycle information the grey scale change signal mainly caused by the factor of motion and how much two aspects: the former is external factor, and the ultrasound catheter that refers to be caused by the blood flow that periodicity heart movement and Endovascular are beaten is with respect to the motion of tube chamber and the variation of vascular morphology; The latter is internal factor, refers to the irregular geometric configuration of lumen of vessels itself.The frequency of the variation of image grayscale that is caused by exercise factor should equal heart rate, by the speed of grey scale change between the caused consecutive frame of the random geometry of blood vessel itself, and should be much smaller than by the pace of change due to the periodicity heart movement.
The grey scale change signal of the present invention to implicit cardiac cycle Carry out bandpass filtering, the centre frequency of filter transmission band is set as the approximate value of average heart rate R, the passband interval is
Figure 907111DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
, obtain the filtering signal of implicit cardiac cycle afterwards
(4) according to the signal electing gate frame of filtered implicit cardiac cycle:
Detection signal The corresponding frame number of local extremum (maximum value or minimum value) m, namely calculate
Figure 454133DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
The zero crossing of first order derivative:
Figure 570993DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
(4)
Corresponding those mValue as the sampled point of each cardiac cycle, is completed choosing the gate frame.

Claims (1)

1. the retrospective off line gate control method of an ivus image sequence, is characterized in that, at first it estimate the approximate value of average heart rate from intravascular ultrasound IVUS image sequence; Then by analyzing the cyclical variation of each two field picture gray-scale value, extract the signal of implicit cardiac cycle; Again this signal is carried out bandpass filtering, remove by the composition due to non-heart movement factor; Choose at last with filtering after the local maximum of signal or frame number corresponding to minimal value, as the sampled point of each cardiac cycle, complete the choosing of gate frame, concrete steps are as follows:
The approximate value of a, estimation average heart rate:
At first calculate the difference value of average gray value between each frame of IVUS image sequence IVUS image
Figure 2011103502330100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
:
Figure 2011103502330100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Wherein,
Figure 2011103502330100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
In formula,
Figure 2011103502330100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
With
Figure 2011103502330100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Respectively in the IVUS image sequence iFrame and jTwo field picture,
Figure 2011103502330100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, MBe the totalframes of image sequence, its size is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Pixel,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
With Be respectively With Average gray value; NCC is the normalized crosscorrelation of two frame IVUS image averaging gray-scale values;
Then the counting period is kThe mean difference value of two frame IVUS images of frame
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Right at last
Figure 946798DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Carry out Fourier transform, the corresponding frequency of its amplitude spectrum peak of curve is the approximate value of average heart rate R
The signal of b, implicit cardiac cycle of extraction:
At first, for each pixel, the gray-scale value of corresponding position on each two field picture in the statistical picture sequence produces an one dimension grey scale change signal , wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Frame number,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The Normalized Grey Level value, footnote
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Horizontal ordinate and the ordinate of pixel, for whole image sequence, total
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Individual grey scale change signal; Secondly, to whole Individual grey scale change signal carries out Fourier transform, after obtaining its frequency spectrum, removes in frequency RThe signal that place's amplitude spectrum value equals 0; At last remaining grey scale change signal is averaged, obtain the one-dimensional signal of an implicit cardiac cycle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
C, the signal of implicit cardiac cycle is carried out filtering:
Adopting centre frequency is the approximate value of average heart rate R, the passband interval is Bandpass filter to the one-dimensional signal of implicit cardiac cycle
Figure 281013DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Carry out filtering, remove by the signal content due to the random geometry factor of lumen of vessels itself, obtain the signal of implicit cardiac cycle
The signal of d, implicit cardiac cycle of basis
Figure 492025DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Choose the gate frame:
Detect the signal of implicit cardiac cycle Local maximum or the corresponding frame number of minimal value, with the sampled point as each cardiac cycle, complete choosing the gate frame.
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