CN102508347A - Passive radial supporting mechanism for primary mirror of optical telescope based on kinetic equilibrium - Google Patents
Passive radial supporting mechanism for primary mirror of optical telescope based on kinetic equilibrium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102508347A CN102508347A CN2011103526570A CN201110352657A CN102508347A CN 102508347 A CN102508347 A CN 102508347A CN 2011103526570 A CN2011103526570 A CN 2011103526570A CN 201110352657 A CN201110352657 A CN 201110352657A CN 102508347 A CN102508347 A CN 102508347A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a passive radial supporting mechanism for a primary mirror of an optical telescope based on kinetic equilibrium. One end of a first-stage connecting rod of the mechanism is hinged with the rim of a primary mirror chamber, and the other end of the first-stage connecting rod is hinged with a second-stage connecting rod and a third-stage connecting rod at the same time; the other end of the second-stage connecting rod and the other end of the third-stage connecting rod are hinged with the rim of the primary mirror; and an included angle theta is formed between the second-stage connecting rod and the third-stage connecting rod. By a kinetic equilibrium system, the radial direction of the primary mirror is not restrained by an over-restraining characteristic, so that a stable equilibrium state is realized; when temperature is changed, the whole radial supporting system does micro motion in accord with a kinetic rule by using the change of the geometric size caused by thermal deformation of a connecting rod mechanism, so that stress caused by the thermal deformation among the primary mirror, the radial supporting mechanism and the primary mirror chamber is counteracted; therefore, the passive radial supporting mechanism is suitable for supporting primary mirrors made of materials with large thermal expansion coefficients and primary mirrors working under a relatively severe working environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical telescope primary mirror radial support mechanism, particularly a kind of radially passive supporting mechanism of 1～2 meter level optical telescope primary mirror based on the kinematics balance.
Background technology
The optical telescope primary mirror needs to keep down in working order primary mirror position and good face shape accurately.The minute surface supporting mechanism comprises axial support system and radial support system, design based on the rigid body Principles of Statics usually, through at the primary mirror back side and the side apply the anchorage force that the appropriate location applies size reasonable and realize.Supporting mechanism mainly is responsible for keeping minute surface face shape and positional precision, and wherein radial support structure also need be offset stress and the distortion because of telescope operating ambient temperature variation causing minute surface.
At present, 1～2 meter level optical telescope radial support mainly adopts the passive type radial support structure.Wherein, shown in Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c, adopt the passive mechanical float formula supporting mechanism application of " push away-drawing " structure the most extensive, this mode is offset primary mirror gravity through the lever balance balancing weight.Mechanical float formula radial support mode will make primary mirror be in dynamic balance state separately, thereby need to adopt detent mechanisms such as positioning core axle or hard spot to keep the accuracy and the stability of primary mirror position.
The introduction of detent mechanism makes that passive mechanical float formula supporting mechanism no longer is a dynamic support mechanism, and this moment, this kind radial support mechanism was generally constraint mechanism.Because detent mechanism has limited the primary mirror rigid body displacement; Especially when the environment occurrence temperature changes; This radial support mechanism will bring bigger stress and distortion to primary mirror; Thereby be not suitable for being applied to the bigger primary mirror radial support of self material thermal expansion coefficient, for example at present just at flourish New Si C material primary mirror; Simultaneously the retrieval of prior art document is found; Hans J.Kaercher etc. are at SPIE (Ground-based and Airborne Telescope III; 2010) " the Mechanical principles of large mirror supports " that delivers on the 7733rd volume; This article points out that the passive mechanical float formula supporting mechanism of the heavy formula of lever balance will make the equivalent mass of supported body amplify; If the lever scale-up factor is n (n is generally the constant greater than 5), then the amplification coefficient of equivalent mass be (n+1) times, and the natural frequency of its system has then reduced (n+1)
1/2Doubly, be unfavorable for improving the whole rigidity of telescope.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind of main mirror face and positional precision receives influence of temperature change little; Do not reduce system frequency, help improving the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance of telescope integral rigidity.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; Optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance of the present invention comprises the primary mirror cell; At least three first order connecting rods that are distributed in around the primary mirror are with first order connecting rod quantity corresponding second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod; One end of said first order connecting rod and the edge of primary mirror cell are hinged, and other end while and second level connecting rod and third level rod hinge connection, the other end and the primary mirror edge of second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod are hinged; And between second level connecting rod and the third level connecting rod angle theta is arranged; In the polygon that the pin joint that is centered close to each first order connecting rod and second level connecting rod, third level connecting rod of primary mirror constitutes.
The present invention utilizes the kinematics balanced system not have the characteristic of constraint, and promptly the degree of freedom in system equation is zero, and primary mirror is radially retrained, and makes it reach stable equilibrium state; When temperature changes; Self geometrical variations of utilizing linkage assembly to cause because of thermal deformation makes whole radial support system meet the trace movement of kinematics rule; Be that primary mirror is during because of temperature distortion; First order connecting rod, second level connecting rod, third level connecting rod also produce deformation because of being heated, and make between primary mirror and the primary mirror cell motion of rotate around optical axis that produces trace relatively, thus the stress that brings because of thermal deformation between counteracting primary mirror, radial support mechanism and the three of primary mirror cell.Adopt passive constraint structure (being the radial support mechanism that first connecting rod, second connecting rod and third connecting rod constitute); And the tripod structure that utilizes second, third cascade bar to form in the Support Position; Can significantly improve number of support points, reduce the stress influence at the glued strong point of primary mirror place.
Said first order connecting rod and second level connecting rod, third level rod hinge connection place adopt spherical hinge structure, and post hinge structure is adopted in first order connecting rod and hinged place, edge, primary mirror cell, second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod and hinged place, primary mirror edge.
Because first order connecting rod and second level connecting rod, third level rod hinge connection place employing spherical hinge structure, when helping offsetting the primary mirror temperature distortion because of the shear stress that axial microdisplacement brings radial support point place takes place.
First order connecting rod, second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod all adopt place, contiguous two ends to have the spring steel material of necking down, thereby all form flexible, hinged at first order connecting rod, second level connecting rod and third level rod hinge connection place, first order connecting rod and hinged place, edge, primary mirror cell, second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod and hinged place, primary mirror edge.
Link supports mechanism because the rigid hinge structure belongs to traditional frictional rotation pair, can't avoid more formidable inherent defect such as friction and gap and even sluggishness etc. in actual use, can overcome the above problems well this flexure hinge mechanism.
Said second level connecting rod, third level connecting rod are all radially tangent with primary mirror, can effectively reduce the coma that radial support mechanism brings.
The hinged place of first order connecting rod and second level connecting rod, third level connecting rod circumferentially evenly distributes along primary mirror.
The triangle hinge linkage that the said passive constraint mechanism that applies and second, third grade connecting rod constitute both can be through having expanded the stress influence that number of support points reduces the glued strong point of primary mirror place; Can offset the stress that does not match and cause because of thermal deformation between connecting rod and the primary mirror through trace movement when delta link mechanism self is heated simultaneously, can overcome the glued area of the strong point again and cause the influence of minute surface local heating to cause the weak contradiction of anti-shear ability for a short time with glued area greatly greatly.
The present invention can also comprise radially protection mechanism, and said radially protection mechanism is mandrel or the axle sleeve that an end is fixedly connected with the primary mirror cell, the other end is passed by the primary mirror central through hole; A bonding circle silicone rubber plate between mandrel or axle sleeve and the primary mirror central through hole; Radially protection mechanism and primary mirror isolation under the normal operating conditions; When the burst phenomenon in case its role is to occur impacting, coming unstuck etc. and the radial support failure mechanisms that causes, primary mirror is protected.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: said radial support structure belongs to passive type mechanism, and principle is clear, and is simple in structure, and actuator-approach sensor that cost is compared active support employing is cheap; Said radial support structure self can make primary mirror reach stable equilibrium state, need not to add detent mechanisms such as mandrel, hard spot; Said radial support structure is utilized the kinematics equilibrium principle, and the degree of freedom equation is zero, does not have interference; Said radial support structure is when environment temperature changes; Can offset stress and the influence of face shape that thermal deformation does not match and causes between primary mirror, supporting mechanism and the primary mirror cell through trace movement takes place self, be particularly useful for the big working environment that primary mirror supports and temperature conditions is the comparatively harsh primary mirror support down of self material thermal expansion coefficient.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c are that the floating type radial support primary mirror of traditional mechanical receives the force direction synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism for implementing example 1 structural representation based on the kinematics balance of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism for implementing example 2 structural representations based on the kinematics balance of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism for implementing example 2 structural front view based on the kinematics balance of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that on second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod basis, carries out three grades of expansions based on the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism of kinematics balance of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance of the present invention comprises primary mirror cell 2, three 3, three second level connecting rods 4 of first order connecting rod and three third level connecting rods 5 that are evenly distributed on around the primary mirror 1; One end of first order connecting rod 3 and the edge of primary mirror cell 2 are hinged, and the other end is hinged with second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 simultaneously, and the other end and primary mirror 1 edge of second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 are hinged; And between second level connecting rod 4 and the third level connecting rod 5 angle theta is arranged.
Said first order connecting rod 3 adopts spherical hinge structure with second level connecting rod 4, third level connecting rod 5 hinged places, and first order connecting rod 3 adopts post hinge structure with hinged place, 2 edge, primary mirror cell, second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 and hinged place, primary mirror 1 edge.
Like Fig. 3, shown in 4, the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance of the present invention comprises primary mirror cell 2, six 3, six second level connecting rods 4 of first order connecting rod and six third level connecting rods 5 that are evenly distributed on around the primary mirror 1; One end of first order connecting rod 3 and the edge of primary mirror cell 2 are hinged, and the other end is hinged with second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 simultaneously, and the other end and primary mirror 1 edge of second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 are hinged; Second level connecting rod 4 is tangent with the edge of primary mirror 1 respectively with third level connecting rod 5.
First order connecting rod 3, second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 all adopt place, contiguous two ends to have the spring steel material of necking down, thereby in first order connecting rod 3, second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 hinged places, first order connecting rod 3 all forms flexible, hinged with hinged place, 2 edge, primary mirror cell, second level connecting rod 4 and third level connecting rod 5 with hinged place, primary mirror 1 edge.
The present invention can also comprise radially protection mechanism 7, said radially protection mechanism 7 is that an end is fixedly connected with primary mirror cell 2, the other end is passed by the central through hole of primary mirror 1 mandrel or axle sleeve.Do not contact under said radially protection mechanism 7 normal operating conditionss, during the radial support failure mechanisms that causes in case burst phenomenon such as its role is to occur impacting, coming unstuck, primary mirror 1 is protected with primary mirror 1.
The present invention can also comprise hold-down mechanism 6; Said hold-down mechanism 6 is a bar shaped steel disc that is bent into three sections, first section edge that compresses primary mirror 1 of steel disc, and the 3rd section is passed through screw and is fixedly connected with primary mirror cell 2.
Referring to Fig. 2, adopt the triangle hinge linkage in the Support Position, second level connecting rod 4 is tangent with third level connecting rod 5 and primary mirror 1 edge, and this moment, the mechanism freedom equation was F=3 * (11-1)-2 * 15=0, satisfied the degree of freedom requirement; With reference to figure 3, symmetry is added new identical rod member mechanism in the position of layout member structure shown in Figure 2, and original system is formed passive constraint, does not influence original degree of freedom equation.
The invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment; First order connecting rod, second level connecting rod and third level linkage assembly can be uniformly distributed in around the primary mirror; Also can uneven distribution (under the symmetrical distribution situation, corresponding two groups of linkage assemblys that wherein every interval is 180 ° play the identical degree of freedom of constraint).The present invention can also carry out three grades of expansions on second level connecting rod and third level connecting rod basis, as shown in Figure 5.Therefore every any simple deformation of on claim 1 technical scheme of the present invention basis, making all the invention is intended within the protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance; It is characterized in that comprising primary mirror cell (2); At least three first order connecting rods (3) that are distributed in around the primary mirror are with first order connecting rod (3) quantity corresponding second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5); The edge of one end of said first order connecting rod (3) and primary mirror cell (2) is hinged, and the other end is simultaneously hinged with second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5), and the other end and primary mirror (1) edge of second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5) are hinged; And between second level connecting rod (4) and the third level connecting rod (5) angle theta is arranged; In the polygon that the pin joint that is centered close to each first order connecting rod (3) and second level connecting rod (4), third level connecting rod (5) of primary mirror (1) constitutes.
2. the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said first order connecting rod (3) and second level connecting rod (4), third level connecting rod (5) hinged place employing spherical hinge structure, first order connecting rod (3) adopts post hinge structure with hinged place, edge, primary mirror cell (2), second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5) and primary mirror (1) hinged place, edge.
3. the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that first order connecting rod (3), second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5) all adopt place, contiguous two ends to have the spring steel material of necking down, in first order connecting rod (3), second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5) hinged place, first order connecting rod (3) all forms flexible, hinged with hinged place, edge, primary mirror cell (2), second level connecting rod (4) and third level connecting rod (5) and primary mirror (1) hinged place, edge.
4. the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said second level connecting rod (4), third level connecting rod (5) are all radially tangent with primary mirror.
5. the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance according to claim 1 is characterized in that the first order connecting rod (3) and the hinged place of second level connecting rod (4), third level connecting rod (5) circumferentially evenly distribute along primary mirror (1).
6. the optical telescope primary mirror passive type radial support mechanism based on the kinematics balance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that also comprising radially protection mechanism (7); Said radially protection mechanism (7) is that an end is fixedly connected with primary mirror cell (2), the other end is passed by the central through hole of primary mirror (1) mandrel or axle sleeve, a bonding circle silicone rubber plate between mandrel or axle sleeve and the primary mirror central through hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110352657.0A CN102508347B (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2011-11-09 | Passive radial supporting mechanism for primary mirror of optical telescope based on kinetic equilibrium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110352657.0A CN102508347B (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2011-11-09 | Passive radial supporting mechanism for primary mirror of optical telescope based on kinetic equilibrium |
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| CN102508347A true CN102508347A (en) | 2012-06-20 |
| CN102508347B CN102508347B (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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| CN201110352657.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102508347B (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2011-11-09 | Passive radial supporting mechanism for primary mirror of optical telescope based on kinetic equilibrium |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103412400A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-11-27 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Hot diaphragm adjustable segmentation supporting device for coaxial solar telescope |
| CN103984085A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-13 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Primary mirror safety protective device |
| CN104793315A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Suspension strip type supporting structure for reflector |
| CN104838302A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-08-12 | 通快激光有限责任公司 | Optical arrangement |
| CN111644822A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-11 | 德阳市瑞祥机械厂 | Method for processing box body of primary mirror chamber of 4m telescope |
| CN112377533A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Torque limiter with high axial rigidity |
| CN112936289A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-11 | 太原科技大学 | Method for judging virtual constraints and number thereof in mechanism based on continuity of over-constraints |
| CN113341532A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | High-precision, high-stability and compact telescope three-mirror pitching adjusting mechanism |
| US11313508B2 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2022-04-26 | Raytheon Company | Radial positioning device |
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| US20070206297A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2007-09-06 | Ulrich Weber | Positioning unit and alignment device for an optical element |
| US20090316281A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-24 | Lutz Reichmann | Laterally Adjustable Optical Mount with Bent Lever Manipulator Units |
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2011
- 2011-11-09 CN CN201110352657.0A patent/CN102508347B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070206297A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2007-09-06 | Ulrich Weber | Positioning unit and alignment device for an optical element |
| US20090316281A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-24 | Lutz Reichmann | Laterally Adjustable Optical Mount with Bent Lever Manipulator Units |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838302A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-08-12 | 通快激光有限责任公司 | Optical arrangement |
| US10466472B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2019-11-05 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Optical arrangement for deflecting a laser beam |
| CN103412400A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-11-27 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Hot diaphragm adjustable segmentation supporting device for coaxial solar telescope |
| CN103412400B (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2015-12-02 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of door screen of the thermo-optical for coaxial-type helioscope adjustable segment bracing or strutting arrangement |
| CN103984085A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-13 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Primary mirror safety protective device |
| CN104793315A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Suspension strip type supporting structure for reflector |
| US11313508B2 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2022-04-26 | Raytheon Company | Radial positioning device |
| CN111644822A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-11 | 德阳市瑞祥机械厂 | Method for processing box body of primary mirror chamber of 4m telescope |
| CN112377533A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Torque limiter with high axial rigidity |
| CN112936289A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-11 | 太原科技大学 | Method for judging virtual constraints and number thereof in mechanism based on continuity of over-constraints |
| CN112936289B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-11-04 | 太原科技大学 | Method for judging virtual constraints and number of virtual constraints in mechanism based on continuity of overconstrained |
| CN113341532A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | High-precision, high-stability and compact telescope three-mirror pitching adjusting mechanism |
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| CN102508347B (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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