CN102503276A - Porous perlite sound absorption material - Google Patents
Porous perlite sound absorption material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102503276A CN102503276A CN2011103478276A CN201110347827A CN102503276A CN 102503276 A CN102503276 A CN 102503276A CN 2011103478276 A CN2011103478276 A CN 2011103478276A CN 201110347827 A CN201110347827 A CN 201110347827A CN 102503276 A CN102503276 A CN 102503276A
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- perlite
- sound absorption
- emulsion
- sound
- cement
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003979 granulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N methyl cellulose Chemical compound COC1C(OC)C(OC)C(COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C(OC)C(OC)C(OC)OC1COC YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002742 anti-folding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 pearlstone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a porous perlite sound absorption material used for building a sound absorption wall, characterized in that the porous perlite sound absorption material is prepared by the following procedures: blending and pelletizing the materials, pouring a soleplate, pouring a sound absorption plate, pressing, demolding, curing and vapor curing at 40 DEG C, and the like; the material is composed of the following ingredients in mass ratio: 1 part of perlite, 6 parts of 425 cement, 0.3 parts of high early strength cement, 0.1 part of polymer emulsion, 0.1 part of pelletizing agent, 0.01 part of plasticizer and 0.1 part of other accessory ingredients. The sound absorption material using perlite as aggregate disclosed by the invention has the advantages of excellent sound absorption effect, large anti-bending and anti-pressing strength, high sound absorption coefficient and wide sound absorption frequency band, and the sound absorption material has such excellent functions as fire resistance, moisture resistance, durability and innocuity, and the like, so that the sound absorption material has an extensive application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to New Building Materials, especially relate to a kind of high-speed railway station platform, industrial building, road and rail of being used for pearlstone sound-absorbing material prescription and production technology separated, sound-absorbing wall.
Background technology
Sound-absorbing material (sound-absorbing material) is to have stronger absorption acoustic energy, the material of reducing noise performance.The material of borrowing porousness, membrane action or the resonance effect of self and incident acoustic energy being had sorption.Sound-absorbing material will with the acoustic characteristic impedance coupling of on every side sound bearing medium, make acoustic energy no reflection events ground get into sound-absorbing material, and the incident acoustic energy overwhelming majority be absorbed.
Early stage sound-absorbing material mainly is natural porous organic materials such as cotton, fiber crops, felt.The natural fiber material cost is low, acoustic frequency bandwidth, production are simple, but its fire prevention, protection against the tide and antiseptic property are poor.Subsequently, people replace natural fiber material with inorganic porous material, have developed granule type, foam type sound-absorbing porous material such as slag brick, multicellular glass, sound absorption ceramic and inorganic fibers etc.Material sound absorbing capabilities such as slag brick are relatively poor, and heavy inconvenience is used.Inorganic mineral fiber material such as glass wool etc., sound absorbing capabilities is good, and is fire-retardant, corrosion-resistant, but has problems such as contaminate environment health risk.So, be that the no fiber sound material of representative comes into one's own with resonance sound-absorbing material (structure).But the sound sucting band of resonance sound-absorbing material is narrower, and is very strong to the selectivity of frequency, in generally only being applicable to, the single-frequency sound of low frequency, and for a long time still can not alternative fiber property sound-absorbing material.Occurred porous metal sound-absorbing materials such as foamed metal, steel fiber subsequently, but there are problems such as cost is high, processing condition are wayward in porous metal.Foam polymer class sound-absorbing material acoustically effective is good, but has poor performance such as fire-resistant, ageing-resistant, limits it and is widely used.
Track traffic, automobile, industrial building etc. have constituted the overriding noise source of urban environment now; Select the sound-absorbing material of low cost, high-level efficiency, high-durability to become the problem that each city manager is concerned about; Frequency characteristics to the urban environment noise source of pollution; Research and develop the sound-absorbing material of novel low-cost, be used for separated, the sound-absorbing wall of railway, subway, highway, will have very vast market.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above deficiency of prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide with the inorganic perlite sound-absorbing material as base material such as pearlstone, cement, emulsion, it is good to make it the tool acoustically effective, the weather resistance height, environmentally safe, advantage.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following means.
A kind of many suctions of perlite sound material adopts and to construct the sound-absorbing body of wall, it is characterized in that, adopt mixing of materials granulation-bottom slab concreting-acoustic board build-suppress-operations such as the demoulding-maintenance-40 ℃ vapor cure make; Material adopts following quality than proportioning: perlite 1; 425 cement 6; Rapid hardening cement 0.3; Polymer emulsion 0.1; Granulating agent 0.1; Softening agent 0.01; Other auxiliary agent 0.1.
Many suctions of gained perlite sound material of the present invention; Lean on the micropore in the perlite particle and pile up the hole that forms and reach acoustically effective; Its sound absorption coefficient is about 0.6; Have good, the anti-folding of acoustically effective, ultimate compression strength is big, sound absorption coefficient is high, acoustic frequency bandwidth and have fire prevention, protection against the tide, premium properties such as durable, nontoxic, is a kind of sound-absorbing material with wide application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is many suctions of perlite sound material preparation process schema of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment enforcement of the present invention is done further to describe, the embodiment agents useful for same is technical pure.
All granulating agents of the present invention can be CMC 99.5, polyacrylic ester, vinyl acetate, Z 150PH etc., adopt spraying to add water and turbine stirring agglomeration technique, make that uniform coarse particles is able to form, and make formation point contact between particle.All softening agent can be SEPIGEL 305, polyaminoester emulsion etc., to reduce the microfracture that the quick dehydration of pore causes.Used polymer emulsion comprises one of oleic series emulsion, vinyl acetate emulsion, aqueous epoxy resins.
Adopt 40 ℃ of steam-cured modes, accelerate the aquation and the sclerosis of cement, boost productivity.Expanded perlite aggregate makes the cohesive force of cement matrix and freeze-thaw-, antiscour and the wear resisting property of sound-absorbing material strengthen greatly under polymer-modified cement-based material-mix effect.Shown in Fig. 1 process flow sheet, adopt through the layering moulding process, promptly base plate adopts quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement to be aided with the perlite of low-dosage; Make its early strength higher; And having higher later strength, panel adopts Portland cement to be aided with the perlite of high volume, makes material surface and inner formation hole not of uniform size; Be aided with the loose and porous structure of pearlstone, thereby make material have the acoustical absorptivity of multiband.
Material is the general purity of building material industry among the embodiment, is not higher than technical grade.
Embodiment 1
Acoustic board:
The acoustic board material adopts following proportioning (mass ratio): perlite 1 weight part; Ordinary Portland cement 6 weight parts; Quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement 0.3 weight part; Polymer emulsion is cinnamic acid emulsion 0.1 weight part; Granulating agent is vinyl acetate emulsion 0.1 weight part; Softening agent is polyacrylamide emulsion 0.01 weight part; Hardening accelerator is sodium aluminate 0.1 weight part.
Base plate:
The base plate material adopts following proportioning (mass ratio): perlite 1 weight part; Ordinary Portland cement 8 weight parts; Quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement 1 weight part; River sand: 5 weight parts.And make by the technical process of Fig. 1.
Detailed process is that perlite is poured in the stirrer, adds entry and inorganic jointing compound stirs, and adds cement then and stirs; And spray and add water; Process the former slurry of a large amount of particulate, former slip has been pressed in mould, carried out steam curing after leaving standstill for some time.The perlite sound-absorbing material is carried out performance test, and the result is shown in following table one.
Table one perlite sound-absorbing material performance
Perlite sound-absorbing material of the present invention has better physical system ability and sound absorbing capabilities; The sound-absorbing material that with the perlite is aggregate has good, the anti-folding of acoustically effective, ultimate compression strength is big, sound absorption coefficient is high, acoustic frequency bandwidth and have fire prevention, protection against the tide, premium properties such as durable, nontoxic; Can be used for a lot of places, is a kind of sound-absorbing material with wide application prospect.
Claims (6)
1. many suctions of perlite sound material adopts and constructs the sound-absorbing body of wall, it is characterized in that, adopt mixing of materials granulation-bottom slab concreting-acoustic board build-suppress-operations such as the demoulding-maintenance-40 ℃ vapor cure make; Material adopts following quality than proportioning: perlite 1; 425 cement 6; Rapid hardening cement 0.3; Polymer emulsion 0.1; Granulating agent 0.1; Softening agent 0.01; Other auxiliary agent 0.1.
2. a kind of many suctions of perlite sound material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said granulating agent is one of vinyl acetate emulsion, methyl cellulose ether, Xylo-Mucine, Z 150PH.
3. a kind of many suctions of perlite sound material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said softening agent is one of polyacrylic ester, SEPIGEL 305, polyaminoester emulsion.
4. a kind of many suctions of perlite sound material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said polymer emulsion comprises one of oleic series emulsion, vinyl acetate emulsion, aqueous epoxy resins.
5. a kind of many suctions of perlite sound material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said auxiliary agent is according to the production temperature conditions, polycarboxylic acids dehydragent, sodium aluminate class hardening accelerator, lemon acids retardant that condense and the setting time of adjustment slurry used.
6. a kind of many suctions of perlite sound material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts following quality than proportioning: perlite 1; Ordinary Portland cement 6; Quick hardening sulphoaluminate cement 0.3; Cinnamic acid emulsion 0.1; Vinyl acetate emulsion 0.1; Polyacrylamide emulsion 0.01; Sodium aluminate 0.1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110347827 CN102503276B (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2011-11-07 | Porous perlite sound absorption material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110347827 CN102503276B (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2011-11-07 | Porous perlite sound absorption material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102503276A true CN102503276A (en) | 2012-06-20 |
| CN102503276B CN102503276B (en) | 2013-07-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110347827 Expired - Fee Related CN102503276B (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2011-11-07 | Porous perlite sound absorption material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102503276B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102815906A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-12 | 宁波荣山新型材料有限公司 | Dual organic modified cement-base expanded perlite fireproof thermal-insulation board and preparation method thereof |
| CN103937142A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-23 | 芜湖凯奥尔环保科技有限公司 | Corrosion preventing moistureproof safe compound acoustic panel material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103964749A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-08-06 | 安徽依采妮纤维材料科技有限公司 | Composite acoustic panel material added with clam shell powder and preparation method of composite acoustic panel material |
| CN104727138A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-06-24 | 芜湖众力部件有限公司 | Nano titanium silicalite molecular sieve-styrene-acrylic composite emulsion-coated polypropylene nonwoven sound-absorbing material for automotive interiors |
| CN105879848A (en) * | 2016-04-30 | 2016-08-24 | 信阳市上天梯怡和矿产资源开发有限公司 | VOC (volatile organic compounds) adsorbing microsphere carrier mainly made of expanded perlite tailings and method for preparing VOC adsorbing microsphere carrier |
| CN103787626B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市爱思宝科技发展有限公司 | Sound insulation binding agent |
| CN107492369A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-19 | 北京天润康隆科技股份有限公司 | A kind of micropore rock beam series silencer |
| CN108978504A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-11 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of compound acoustic barrier |
| CN112745059A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-04 | 广州声博士声学技术有限公司 | Perlite loaded graphene-based sound absorption mortar and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6391958B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-05-21 | Advanced Construction Materials Corp. | Strengthened, light weight wallboard and method and apparatus for making the same |
| US20030065082A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2003-04-03 | Blanken Thomas Carel | Compositions comprising solid particles and binder |
| CN102080424A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | 杭州正博新型建筑材料有限公司 | Light brick with moisturizing, heat-insulating and sound-proof performances |
-
2011
- 2011-11-07 CN CN 201110347827 patent/CN102503276B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6391958B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-05-21 | Advanced Construction Materials Corp. | Strengthened, light weight wallboard and method and apparatus for making the same |
| US20030065082A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2003-04-03 | Blanken Thomas Carel | Compositions comprising solid particles and binder |
| CN102080424A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | 杭州正博新型建筑材料有限公司 | Light brick with moisturizing, heat-insulating and sound-proof performances |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102815906A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-12 | 宁波荣山新型材料有限公司 | Dual organic modified cement-base expanded perlite fireproof thermal-insulation board and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787626B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市爱思宝科技发展有限公司 | Sound insulation binding agent |
| CN103937142A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-23 | 芜湖凯奥尔环保科技有限公司 | Corrosion preventing moistureproof safe compound acoustic panel material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103964749A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-08-06 | 安徽依采妮纤维材料科技有限公司 | Composite acoustic panel material added with clam shell powder and preparation method of composite acoustic panel material |
| CN104727138A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-06-24 | 芜湖众力部件有限公司 | Nano titanium silicalite molecular sieve-styrene-acrylic composite emulsion-coated polypropylene nonwoven sound-absorbing material for automotive interiors |
| CN105879848A (en) * | 2016-04-30 | 2016-08-24 | 信阳市上天梯怡和矿产资源开发有限公司 | VOC (volatile organic compounds) adsorbing microsphere carrier mainly made of expanded perlite tailings and method for preparing VOC adsorbing microsphere carrier |
| CN105879848B (en) * | 2016-04-30 | 2019-05-31 | 信阳市上天梯怡和矿产资源开发有限公司 | A kind of using expanded perlite tailing is the absorption VOC of primary raw material with microsphere supported and preparation method thereof |
| CN107492369A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-19 | 北京天润康隆科技股份有限公司 | A kind of micropore rock beam series silencer |
| CN108978504A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-11 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of compound acoustic barrier |
| CN112745059A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-04 | 广州声博士声学技术有限公司 | Perlite loaded graphene-based sound absorption mortar and preparation method thereof |
| CN112745059B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-15 | 广州声博士声学技术有限公司 | Perlite loaded graphene-based sound absorption mortar and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102503276B (en) | 2013-07-03 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180125 Address after: 637500 A, Nanchong, Nanchong, Sichuan, No. 7, seat No. 7 Patentee after: SICHUAN HAOLONG HIGH-TECH RAIL TRANSPORT NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: 610031 Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, No. two North Ring Road, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Patentee before: Southwest Jiaotong University |
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