CN102500133A - Application method of graphene sponge - Google Patents
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- CN102500133A CN102500133A CN2011103123936A CN201110312393A CN102500133A CN 102500133 A CN102500133 A CN 102500133A CN 2011103123936 A CN2011103123936 A CN 2011103123936A CN 201110312393 A CN201110312393 A CN 201110312393A CN 102500133 A CN102500133 A CN 102500133A
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- B01J20/28045—Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application method of a graphene sponge. The graphene sponge is applied to absorb organic solvents or oils due to the characteristics of strong organic solvent or oil adsorption capacity and high organic solvent or oil adsorption speed. The application method of the graphene sponge can be applied to the filed of sewage treatment or liquid-liquid separation. Furthermore, after the graphene sponge is applied to absorb the organic solvents or oils, the contamination is removed, namely, the organic solvents or oils are eliminated from the graphene sponge or recycled by adopting the low-pressure distillation and extraction or high-temperature distillation methods, thus the graphene sponge can be used repeatedly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application process of a kind of Graphene sponge.
Background technology
Because the leakage of crude oil and the pollution of industrial organic solvent, the water pollution problems in the whole world is just becoming more and more serious.In order to overcome environmental problem, seek and a kind ofly can realize effectively absorption grease and organic pollution, and finally reach they very important (J.Yuan with the adsorbent change of separated form water; X.Liu, O.Akbulut, J.Hu; S.L.Suib, J.Kong and F.Stellacci, Nat.Nanotechnol.; 2008,3,332.; M.A.Shannon, P.W.Bohn, M.Elimelech, J.G.Georgiadis, B.J.Marinas and A.M.Mayes, Nature, 2008,452,301.).There are a lot of shortcomings in traditional adsorbent such as active carbon, comprises that adsorption time is long, selects that then property is poor, adsorption capacity limited (D.Clifford, S.Subranmonian and T.J.Sorg, Environ.Sci.Technol., 1986,20,1072.; A.B.Fuertes, G.Marban and D.M.Nevskaia, Carbon, 2003,41,87.).Though it is expanded graphite has very strong adsorption capacity to oil, powerless to poisonous organic solvent.Recovery to expanded graphite is also very difficult.As for polymer, though the scope of absorption has had bigger increase, its adsorption capacity is not enough on the one hand, and high temperature is prone to decompose on the other hand, even can form secondary pollution.Based on these shortcomings, the hole dimension size is porous material (L.Feng, Z.Zhong, Z.Mai, B.Liu, L.Jiang and D.Zhu, Angew.Chem., Int.Ed., 2003,42,800. of nanometer or micron level; Y.Zhang, S.Wei, F.Liu, Y.Du, S.Liu; Y.Ji, T.Ji, T.Yokoib, T.Tatsumib and F.S.Xiao, Nano Today; 2009,4,135.) or nano wire film (A.Sayari, S.Hamoudi and Y.Yang; Chem.Mater., 2005,17,212.) caused people's attention.Because the porous material of nanometer, micron level and nano wire film have very strong hydrophobic ability and superpower oleophylic ability, can well realize organic pollution and water, the separating of grease and water.Simultaneously, it is short that these materials also have adsorption time, and selectivity is strong, the characteristic that adsorption capacity is big.But the porous material of nanometer, micron level and nano wire film exist adsorption capacity be not enough strong, cost is high, be difficult for the shortcoming of a large amount of bulks preparations.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: technical problem to be solved by this invention is, the application process of a kind of Graphene sponge is provided, and this Graphene sponge is used to absorb organic solvent or grease, has high adsorption capacity, the fast characteristics of adsorption rate.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
The application process of a kind of Graphene sponge, described Graphene sponge is used to absorb organic solvent or grease.
Further; Described Graphene sponge absorbs after organic solvent or the grease; Carry out abatement processes: abatement processes is to adopt low-pressure distillation, extraction, or pyrogenous method, with organic solvent or grease is removed from the Graphene sponge or recycling.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present technique scheme has following beneficial effect:
1. this application process is simple to operate, with low cost, can be applicable in the commercial production.Because the Graphene sponge has superpower hydrophobicity, organic solvent and grease had high adsorption capacity, the fast characteristics of adsorption rate, so the Graphene sponge is used to adsorb organic solvent and grease has the advantage on the performance.Especially, the Graphene sponge is applied to utilize Graphene sponge absorption organic solvent and grease in separation of liquid liquid and the sewage disposal.
2. can reuse the Graphene sponge, and can realize reclaiming organic solvent and grease.In the present technique scheme, utilize the method organic solvent and the grease that the Graphene sponge is adsorbed of low-pressure distillation, extraction or high temperature evaporation from the Graphene sponge, to separate, the Graphene sponge of having removed organic solvent and grease simultaneously can reuse.Organic solvent of separating and grease can be recycled.This Graphene sponge has application potential widely for being separated from each other with many-sides such as sewage disposals between the different liquids.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that Graphene sponge among the present invention is to the adsorption rate figure of organic solvent and grease.
Fig. 2 is the thermogravimetric analysis curve map of the Graphene sponge among the present invention.
Fig. 3 be among the present invention embodiment 1 utilize the Graphene sponge to toluene adsorb, desorption circulation experiment figure.
Fig. 4 is that embodiment 2 utilizes the Graphene sponge that dodecane has been carried out absorption, desorption circulation experiment figure among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is 1,3, the porous polymer, 1 that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized, and the porous polymer that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized is to the adsorption rate figure of organic solvent and grease.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is carried out detailed explanation.
The application process of a kind of Graphene sponge of the present invention, described Graphene sponge is used to absorb organic solvent or grease.
The preparation method of Graphene sponge among the present invention is following:
The first step, measuring 35ml concentration is the graphene oxide dispersion liquid of 2mg/ml, and adds 1ml ammoniacal liquor, forms mixed liquor; The concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 30%, refers in each hectogram ammoniacal liquor, contains hydrogen peroxide 30 grams.
Second step, mixed liquor is poured in the agitated reactor, 180 ℃ of high temperature 24h, cooling is naturally turned on agitated reactor and can be obtained the Graphene gel then.
In the 3rd step,, can obtain the Graphene sponge of porous with the Graphene gel low-pressure refrigeration drying that obtains.
Said organic solvent or grease comprise vegetable oil, crude oil, pump oil, dodecane, decane, octane, hexane, phenol, nitrobenzene, chloroform, dichloro-benzenes, ethylo benzene, toluene, benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oxolane, dimethyl formamide, acetone, ethanol, methyl alcohol, kerosene, castor oil, heptane, diesel oil, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride.
In this application process, Graphene uses as adsorbent by sponge.The Graphene sponge can be applied to liquid liquid and separate, and perhaps the field of sewage separation is used as adsorbent to the Graphene sponge, draws organic solvent or grease.
The method of testing of Graphene sponge adsorption rate is: the Graphene sponge of preparation is cut into fritter, and take by weighing every quality, be designated as W
Do, then every Graphene sponge is put into solvent to be adsorbed, the Graphene sponge is fully adsorbed liquid to be measured, takes by weighing the weight of every Graphene sponge at last, is designated as W
Wet, then the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge is drawn by computes:
Utilize above-mentioned method of testing, test Graphene sponge is to the adsorption rate as methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, oxolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), toluene, ethylbenzene, dichloro-benzenes, chloroform, nitrobenzene, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, pump oil, kerosene, castor oil and the soya-bean oil of said solvent.Test result is as shown in Figure 1, and abscissa is represented the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge, and ordinate is represented organic solvent to be adsorbed or grease.For example, the Graphene sponge is 6854% to the adsorption rate of pump oil, and the Graphene sponge is 5050% to the adsorption rate of dodecane, and the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge p-nitrophenyl is 6382%, and the Graphene sponge is 8612% to the adsorption rate of chloroform.
With 1,3, the porous polymer, 1 that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized, the porous polymer that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized be to the adsorption rate of grease or organic solvent, contrasts with the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge.As shown in Figure 5, abscissa representes 1,3; Poromeric adsorption rate that poromeric adsorption rate and 1 that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized, 4-diethynylbenzene are polymerized, wherein; Ash colour specification 1,3, poromeric adsorption rate that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized; Black representes 1, poromeric adsorption rate that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized; Ordinate is represented organic solvent to be adsorbed or grease, wherein, and vegetable-oil: vegetable oil; Pump-oil: pump oil; Dodecane: dodecane; Decane: decane; Octane: octane; Hexane: hexane; Phenol: phenol; Nitrobenzene: nitrobenzene; Chloroform: chloroform; 1,2-dichlorobenzene: dichloro-benzenes; Ethylbenzene: ethylbenzene; Toluene: toluene; Benzene: benzene; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); THF: oxolane; DMF: dimethyl formamide; Acetone: acetone; Ethanol: ethanol; Methanol: methyl alcohol; Weight gain: adsorption rate; CMP-1:1,3, the porous polymer that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized; CMP-2:1, the porous polymer that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized.
1,3, the method for testing of the porous polymer adsorption rate that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized, and 1, the method for testing of the porous polymer adsorption rate that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized, all the method for testing with Graphene sponge adsorption rate is identical.Utilize 1 in this Comparative Examples; 3; The porous polymer, 1 that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized, the porous polymer that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized are tested the adsorption rate of vegetable oil, pump oil, dodecane, decane, octane, hexane, phenol, nitrobenzene, chloroform, dichloro-benzenes, ethylbenzene, toluene, benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oxolane, dimethyl formamide, acetone, ethanol, methyl alcohol respectively.For example 1,3, the porous polymer that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized is 950-1000% to the adsorption rate of vegetable oil, 1, and the porous polymer that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized is 1000-1100% to the adsorption rate of vegetable oil; 1,3, the porous polymer that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized is about 1000% to the adsorption rate of ethanol, 1, and the porous polymer that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized is 575-625% to the adsorption rate of ethanol.
Through contrast table 1 and table 5; Can find out for identical waiting and adsorb grease or organic solvent, the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge is far longer than 1,3; Poromeric adsorption rate that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized or 1, poromeric adsorption rate that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized.For example, for pump oil, 1,3, the porous polymer adsorption rate that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized is about 800%, 1, the porous polymer adsorption rate that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized is about 725%, and the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge is 5050%; For nitrobenzene, 1,3, the porous polymer adsorption rate that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized is about 1600%, 1, the porous polymer adsorption rate that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized is about 1650%, and the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge is 6382%; For ethanol, 1,3, the porous polymer adsorption rate that 5-three ethynylbenzenes are polymerized is about 1000%, 1, the porous polymer adsorption rate that the 4-diethynylbenzene is polymerized is about 575-625%, and the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge is 5103%.
In addition, for expanded graphite, noxious materials such as toluene are not inhaled in an expanded graphite oil suction, can adsorb toluene in order to make it; Shande Li (S.D.Li, S.H.Tian, C.M.Du, C.He; C.P.Cen, Y.Xiong.Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010; 162,546.), modify expanded graphite with vaseline.Through test, the adsorption rate of absorption toluene is: 21.3%, and well below 5477.4% of Graphene sponge.
Fig. 1 has listed the adsorption rate of Graphene sponge for organic solvent and grease.As can be seen from Figure 1, the Graphene sponge not only has very strong absorption affinity for organic solvent, and the grease class is also had very strong absorption affinity.But the Graphene sponge is different for the adsorption capacity of different organic solvents or grease.This just the Graphene sponge have the embodiment of selective absorption.In addition, the Graphene sponge is a hydrophobic, therefore can realize effective removing of organic pollution.
Further; Described Graphene sponge absorbs after organic solvent or the grease; Carry out abatement processes: abatement processes is to adopt low-pressure distillation, extraction, or pyrogenous method, with organic solvent or grease is removed from the Graphene sponge or recycling.
The method of low-pressure distillation is exactly the air pressure through reduction Graphene sponge place closed container, thereby reduces the boiling point of adsorbed material, makes that the material of absorption can be through the mode of evaporating, and desorption comes out from the Graphene sponge.For example, when air pressure was 101.325kPa, the boiling point of octane was 125.8 ℃.Having the Graphene sponge of octane to put into kieldahl flask suction, utilize the mechanical pump gas bleeding, reduce the air pressure in the kieldahl flask, is 10.13kPa until air pressure, and this moment, the boiling point of octane reduced.Octane evaporates in the environment under low pressure of 10.13kPa, can obtain clean octane.Low-pressure distillation comprises decompression distillation, vacuum distillation, high vacuum distillation, quasimolecular distillation or molecular clock.Decompression distillation is that to utilize the boiling point of liquid be that variation with ambient pressure changes; If reduce system's internal pressure by means of vavuum pump; Just can reduce the boiling point of liquid; This is the theoretical foundation of decompression distillation operation, so it is specially adapted to those and when air-distillation, does not reach the boiling point material of decomposes, oxidation or polymerization.Vacuum distillation is exactly under reduced pressure to carry out, and generally is used to be separated in the material that is easy to decompose when being heated to boiling point under the normal pressure, or combines to reduce vapo(u)rizing temperature and to improve separative efficiency with other distillating method (like steam distillation).High vacuum distillation is to the very high compound of those boiling points, or the easy oxidation of air-distillation.Generally vacuumize earlier, the equal vacuum degree settles out heating again.When temperature during near the boiling point under this vacuum, the speed of the heating of slowing down again.Quasi-molecule or molecular clock are a kind of distillating methods of under high vacuum, operating; At this moment the mean free path of vapour molecule is greater than the distance between evaporating surface and the condensing surface; Thereby the difference of each component evaporation rate is separated liquid mixture in the feed liquid capable of using.
Extraction mainly is to not allowing volatile material; Such as pump oil; Detailed process is to have suction not that the Graphene sponge of volatile substances places another kind to have more lower boiling organic solvent; And this not volatile material will be soluble in the more lower boiling organic solvent, displaces not volatile material with this organic solvent then, at last the Graphene sponge carried out low pressure or high temperature distillation.For example; There is the Graphene sponge of dodecane to put into the beaker that fills 250 milliliters of ethanol suction, treats that the dodecane in the Graphene sponge fully dissolves in the ethanol, promptly be equivalent to ethanol and substituted the dodecane in the Graphene sponge; Be heated to 80 ℃ to the Graphene sponge this moment again; Just can ethanol all be evaporated, thereby obtain clean Graphene sponge, make it reusable.
Pyrogenous method is to make organic solvent or grease evaporation through high temperature, through condensation organic solvent or grease is reclaimed again.For example, have the Graphene sponge of dodecane to put into conical flask suction, conical flask and condensing unit are connected, and then with conical flask heat temperature raising to 220 ℃, the dodecane steam of generation gets into condensing unit, becomes liquid dodecane again.
As shown in Figure 2, abscissa is represented temperature, unit ℃, and ordinate is represented the percentage by weight of Graphene sponge.As can be seen from Figure 3: when temperature was raised to 700 ℃, tangible chemistry and physical damage did not take place in the Graphene sponge, and the weight of Graphene sponge only reduced about 17%, and the Graphene sponge has extraordinary heat endurance.These characteristics also let high temperature separate the adsorbed grease of Graphene sponge or organic pollution becomes possibility (general organic boiling point is not high).That is to say that material desorption from the Graphene sponge that can the Graphene sponge is adsorbed through high temperature comes out, can not influence the structure of Graphene sponge simultaneously again.Because the Graphene sponge is high temperature resistant, promptly has high heat endurance, so just can use pyrogenous method.
Utilize the method for low-pressure distillation, to having adsorbed the Graphene sponge of toluene, adsorb, the desorption circulation experiment.Promptly same Graphene sponge experimentized.Detailed process promptly is: the Graphene sponge that will adsorb toluene places closed container, with mechanical pump the gas in the container is extracted out then, reduces the air pressure in the container; At this moment toluene will be through the mode of evaporation; From the Graphene sponge, escape, completion to be distilled places toluene with this Graphene sponge again; Again absorb, so circulation is gone down.As shown in Figure 3, experiment is carried out ten times altogether.Fig. 3 has shown adsorbance and the desorption rate of Graphene sponge in each experiment.Among Fig. 3, abscissa is represented the cycle-index of testing, totally ten times; Ordinate is represented the weight of the toluene that the Graphene sponge is adsorbed, the mg of unit; The curve that is positioned at the top is represented the weight of adsorbed toluene, and the curve that is arranged in the below is represented the toluene by weight that the Graphene sponge is residual.
As can be seen from Figure 3: can be reached more than 99% by the adsorbed toluene desorption rate of Graphene sponge, the adsorption capacity that the intact Graphene sponge of desorption is had there is not variation basically, can also reuse.
Utilize ethanol as extractant, to the Graphene sponge of having adsorbed dodecane adsorb, the desorption circulation experiment.Promptly same Graphene sponge experimentized.Detailed process is: the Graphene sponge that will adsorb dodecane is dipped in the abundant ethanol; Treat dodecane go up basically all be dissolved in the ethanol after, take out the Graphene sponge, and place 60 ℃ incubator 2 hours; Take out then and adsorb dodecane again, so circulate ten times.Fig. 4 has shown adsorbance and the residual quantity of Graphene sponge in each experiment.Among Fig. 4, abscissa is represented the cycle-index of testing, totally ten times; Ordinate is represented the weight of the adsorbed dodecane of Graphene sponge, the mg of unit.Be positioned at the curve weight of representing to adsorb dodecane of top, the Graphene sponge weight of the dodecane that the curve that is arranged in the below is represented the Graphene sponge after by low-pressure distillation.
As can be seen from Figure 4: can be reached more than 99% by the adsorbed dodecane desorption rate of Graphene sponge, the adsorption capacity that the intact Graphene sponge of desorption is had there is not variation basically, can also reuse.
Claims (4)
1. the application process of a Graphene sponge is characterized in that, described Graphene sponge is used to absorb organic solvent or grease.
2. the application process of Graphene sponge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said organic solvent or grease comprise vegetable oil, crude oil, pump oil, dodecane, decane, octane, hexane, phenol, nitrobenzene, chloroform, dichloro-benzenes, ethylo benzene, toluene, benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oxolane, dimethyl formamide, acetone, ethanol, methyl alcohol, kerosene, castor oil, heptane, diesel oil, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride.
3. the application process of Graphene sponge according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described Graphene sponge absorbs after organic solvent or the grease; Carry out abatement processes: abatement processes is to adopt low-pressure distillation, extraction, or pyrogenous method, with organic solvent or grease is removed from the Graphene sponge or recycling.
4. the application process of Graphene sponge according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described low-pressure distillation comprises decompression distillation, vacuum distillation, high vacuum distillation, quasimolecular distillation or molecular clock.
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