CN102497980A - 金属层隔膜 - Google Patents

金属层隔膜 Download PDF

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CN102497980A
CN102497980A CN2010800079827A CN201080007982A CN102497980A CN 102497980 A CN102497980 A CN 102497980A CN 2010800079827 A CN2010800079827 A CN 2010800079827A CN 201080007982 A CN201080007982 A CN 201080007982A CN 102497980 A CN102497980 A CN 102497980A
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CN102497980B (zh
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Y·霍贾特
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Gates Corp
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Abstract

一种隔膜,其包括第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层,当衬底弹性体层处于拉伸状态时在未受力状态下沉积于所述衬底弹性体层上的金属层,金属层的透气率为零,金属层和衬底弹性体层被置于第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层之间并与它们粘合,第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层分别包括用于在隔膜收缩时接收金属层和衬底弹性体层的空腔。

Description

金属层隔膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔膜,其具有沉积于衬底弹性体层上处于未受力状态下的金属层,该金属层的透气率为零。
背景技术
压力蓄积箱的工作原理非常简单。箱内部被分成两部分,它们通过柔性隔膜(囊状体)分开。在一侧(通常为位于囊状体上方的箱顶侧)上存在高压气体(通常为空气)。在下侧上存在液体。当液体(在诸如水井这样的开放回路系统中)被使用时,或者当液体在闭和回路系统(诸如加热水箱的空间或者液压系统)内循环时,来自隔膜后面的气体的压力在液体上形成压力。在任何一种情形中,囊状物均保持液体上的压力,直至控制系统向泵发出指令将更多的液体泵入箱中。
囊状物通常由弹性体制成,但是它也可以是热塑性聚合物。用于这种应用中的材料的透气率均大于零。这意味着加压气体将逐渐通过隔膜渗漏到液体中,箱将逐渐丧失维持需要压力的能力。这导致泵送操作之间的时间间隔越来越短,直至变成具有很小压力或压力为零的充满水的箱。在这种情况下,囊状物只是贴在箱壁上。
大多数箱具有空气阀,用于将更多气体(或空气)泵送到上腔室。然而,对于很多应用场合和用户来说,将空气泵送到箱中是不方便、困难或费钱的。对于非专业人士而言,使箱过压会是危险或致命的。
渗透性对于弹性体/聚合物而言是一种自然现象。由于弹性体/聚合物的材料结构,各种气体可以渗透和穿过它们。对于给定气体而言,通常是气压越高,渗透率越高。
另一方面,对于大多数气体而言,金属的渗透率为零。对于金属而言,唯一的例外是离子形式的氢能够渗透穿过金属。然而,由于其爆炸性和成本,在压力蓄积箱中从不使用氢气,并且如果关注其通过囊状物的渗透性,它也能够渗透穿过金属箱。
然而,对于空气和其它气体而言,金属是渗透率为零的完美材料。玻璃也具有零渗透率。这就是为什么碳酸软饮和/或啤酒在长时间之后还能将溶解的气体保留在铝罐或玻璃瓶中,但是在塑料瓶中通常会在一段时间之后损失气压。
对于不希望损失气体的应用场合而言,通过在混合配方中加入添加剂材料(诸如纳米粘土、云母或其它添加剂)来降低聚合物/弹性体的渗透性是行业中公知的解决方案。然而,这些添加剂只是降低渗透性,而不是完全阻止渗透。更重要的是,这些添加剂通常被添加到未发生显著拉伸和收缩的聚合物中。当在弹性体中发生显著拉伸和收缩时,由于纳米粘土、云母和其它类似的气体阻挡材料不发生拉伸,它们之间正在伸长的空间可允许气体渗透和通过。
现有技术的代表是待审未决的美国专利5,042,176(1991),该专利公开了一种缓冲设备形式的产品,其由含有结晶体材料的热塑性薄膜形成,所述缓冲设备在制造时被充气至相对高的压力并且被密封。通过采用自充气的扩散泵送现象的形式(其中运动气体为空气中的除氮气之外的气体成分),这种产品能够长时间维持内部充气压力。改进和新型缓冲设备为包封薄膜使用新型材料,其能够选择性地控制扩散泵送速度,因而允许在这种新型缓冲设备的设计上具有更大范围的灵活性和更大的精确度,从而改善这种设备的性能并且降低其成本,同时消除早期产品的一些缺陷。可以利用容易获取的气体(诸如氮气或者空气,其中空气中的氮气形成捕获气体)对某些新型设备进行永久性充气。
所需要的是这样一种隔膜,其具有沉积于衬底弹性体层上在未受力状态下的金属层,该金属层的透气率为零。本发明满足这一需求。
发明内容
本发明的主要方面是一种隔膜,其具有沉积于衬底弹性体层上处于未受力状态下的金属层,该金属层的透气率为零。
本发明的其它方面将通过下面对本发明和附图的描述被指出或者变得显而易见。
本发明包括一种隔膜,其包括第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层,当衬底弹性体层处于拉伸状态时沉积于所述衬底弹性体层上处于未受力状态下的金属层,金属层的透气率为零,金属层和衬底弹性体层被置于第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层之间并与它们结合,第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层分别包括用于在隔膜收缩时接收金属层和衬底弹性体层的空腔。
附图说明
结合到本说明书中并且成为其一部分的附图示出了本发明的优选实施例,并且与具体实施方式部分一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是金属层处于最大拉伸状态时隔膜的侧视图;
图2是金属层处于完全折叠状态时隔膜的侧视图;
图3A是弹性体层和金属层之间的触点的顶视图;
图3B是弹性体层和金属层之间的触点的侧视图;
图4是弹性体层和金属层之间的圆形触点的顶视图;
图5是弹性体层和金属层之间的方形触点的顶视图;
图6是弹性体层和金属层之间的环线触点的顶视图;
图7是弹性体层和金属层之间的直线形触点的顶视图;
图8是制作方法的示意图;
图9是制作方法的示意图;
图10是制作方法的示意图;
图11是制作方法的示意图;
图12是图1的横截面细节图。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,非常薄的铝或其它合适金属层被用于降低或消除弹性体中的透气性,同时使弹性体保持柔性。为防止例如铝或其它金属添加物被拉伸超出其屈服点以及引起金属层的塑性变形或破裂,在将囊状物例如在心轴工具上拉伸至或超出其最大拉伸点(即,使用期间将在该弹性体上形成的最大拉长或拉伸)时形成隔膜。
一旦放松囊状物,金属薄层及其弹性体聚合物衬背将起皱,其方式类似于拿起空的薯片袋并且将其挤压成球形。在挤压之后将其松开时,袋子可以类似的方式膨胀,而不会存在任何问题。这可以重复很多次。
在囊状物的零拉伸点上(扁平状态),金属层的形状为皱纹状,因为金属层是在完全膨胀状态下施加的。
这种几个埃厚的金属层可以通过很多不同的方式形成,其中包括:将金属薄层气相沉积在现有技术的弹性体上,并且/或者用弹性体片覆盖金属侧以保护金属。另外,将金属薄层(几个埃)沉积在弹性体或热塑性塑料或者其它合适材料(纺织品等)的薄片上,或者利用第二聚合物层将金属永久性地夹在中间。
另一种方法包括取非常薄的聚合物/弹性体或其它材料,并且在一侧或两侧上对其进行涂覆,然后将这种材料夹在两个弹性体或塑料层之间。
另外,利用多个非常薄的金属和弹性体/聚合物层来进行上述工作中的任何一项,以确保在需要保证不出故障的应用场合中(例如在一个金属层出现故障,则其它层也出现故障的非常罕见的情况下)具有非常长的耐用性。
在将一个或多个涂覆有金属的材料层夹在未经涂覆且较厚的材料之间时,理想情况是将夹置材料的表面形状模制成允许金属薄层轻易折叠,以及控制非膨胀状态下的起皱的金属层的形状。
一些用于与金属薄层发生接触的相对厚的夹置弹性体侧的形状包括具有薄线接触区域的环线、或者在尖端上具有小点的点形、或者具有覆盖整个表面的薄接触区域的小圆。其它形状包括在尖端具有小接触点的平行线或者任何其它形状,或者允许金属层起皱(但优选在小区域)以更好控制皱纹和防止金属被拉离具有较厚外层弹性体的接触区域的形状。
金属薄层被施加到弹性体/聚合物/纺织品衬底上,所述衬底然后被夹在两个较厚的弹性体/聚合物材料之间。较厚的弹性体/聚合物材料被永久性密封以防止在运输和组装过程中对金属层造成破坏。它还使得囊状物/隔膜的处理变得容易和方便。
本发明的隔膜能够膨胀至弹性体层的膨胀极限,同时保持零透气率。
图1是金属层处于最大拉伸状态时隔膜的侧视图。隔膜100包括弹性体层10和20,它们分别设于金属层30两侧。金属层30还包括其上施加有金属涂层的弹性衬底材料220。层220可以包括弹性体或塑料布或者其它合适的柔性材料。
例如,弹性体层10、20和220可分别包括丁基橡胶、天然橡胶或合成橡胶、EPDM、VAMAC、NBR、硅橡胶、SBR、和聚丙烯+EPDM、及其任意组合。弹性体层10、20、220不必包括相同的材料。
施加到衬底220上以形成金属层30的金属的厚度范围为约0+至50埃
Figure BDA0000083808050000051
图1示出了处于完全拉伸或膨胀状态的金属层30及隔膜(层10、20和220)。在此侧视图中,层30被示出近似是平坦的,以便更易于说明层30在膨胀状态下没有皱纹。然而,在衬底层220受到完全拉伸时,层30未受到拉伸以产生屈服,而是处于近似不受力的状态。
用于金属层30中的金属可包括铝、锌、锡或铅或者上述金属中的两种或多种的组合。
层10和层20分别在突出部11和21处接触层220和层20。此时在层30、220的侧面附近或其上限定出空腔40。
当隔膜收缩时,层30和衬底层220将呈现更起皱的形式,其在形状和体积上发生变化,从而部分占据各空腔40。
在替换实施例中,仅在层10或20之一上存在空腔40。例如,仅在层20上存在空腔40,而层10上不存在空腔,因此层10在与层220的接触点处是平的。作为替换,层10包括空腔40,层20在与层30的接触点处是平的。
图2是金属层处于完全塌缩状态时隔膜的侧视图。在此附图中,层30、220被示出部分占据各个空腔40。事实上,当弹性体隔膜从完全拉伸状态(图1)收缩至松弛或收缩状态时,层30、220塌缩到各个空腔40中。各个空腔40也略微发生塌缩,但也仍然容纳收缩的金属层30。为方便说明,各个空腔40被示出具有圆形横截面,然而在塌缩状态下,可以预期随着突出部11、21更靠近在一起,各个空腔40将呈现更接近椭圆的外观。
图3A是弹性体层和金属层之间的触点的顶视图。在该实施例中,突出部11和21按照所示图案分别接合层220和层30。
在层10和20分别与层220和层30接触的各个位置上使用已知的粘合剂,例如Saret633(化学名为ZDA)、Saret634(化学名为ZDMA)和Ricobond1756(化学名为PB-g-MA)。通过这种方式控制层30、220在层10和20之间的相对位置,从而防止层30、220相对突出部11、21移动。
图3B是弹性体层和金属层之间的触点的侧视图。突出部11与相应的突出部21协同地接合层220。层30设在它们之间。
图4是弹性体层和金属层之间的圆形触点的顶视图。在替换实施例中,突出部11和21分别在与层220和层30的接触点处形成圆形。
图5是弹性体层和金属层之间的方形触点的顶视图。在替换实施例中,突出部11和21分别在与层220和层30的接触点处形成交叉线。
图6是弹性体层和金属层之间的环线触点的顶视图。在替换实施例中,突出部11和21分别在与层220和层30的接触点处形成同心圆。
图7是弹性体层和金属层之间的直线形触点的顶视图。在替换实施例中,突出部11和21分别在与层220和层30的接触点处形成平行线。
可以看到,在此描述的各个接触图案均在层10、20与层30、220之间形成开放空间或空腔40。通过这种方式,层30于是在收缩状态中具有缩回和膨胀的空间。
图8是制作方法的示意图。在第一步骤中,第一弹性体层10被拉伸在心轴1000上,并且借助夹具200保持在合适位置上。心轴1000使层10保持杯状。
在这个步骤中,使层10保持在最大拉伸状态下。接着,金属层30一旦被施加上,则从不承受拉伸负载或压力(其可能引起破裂)。
图9是制作方法的示意图。在该第二步骤中,厚度在约0.01mm至约1mm之间的弹性体薄层220受到拉伸,并且借助夹具200保持在层10上。借助与各个突出部11的接触点上的粘合剂将层220固定在合适位置上。
图10是制作方法的示意图。在该第三步骤中,通过将心轴和层220快速暴露在蒸发的金属中来施加金属层30。蒸发的金属是利用使金属熔化并且形成过热从而形成用于沉积的蒸汽的方法按照公知的方式产生的。
通过这种方式实现层30的沉积使得层30在不受力的状态下被施加到衬底220上,即使衬底220正处于最大拉伸状态。
通过这种方式实现层30的施加防止层30因施加的拉伸负载而出现故障或破裂,所述拉伸负载原本会在隔膜在压力蓄积器中受压和膨胀期间施加。
图11是制造方法的示意图。在该第四步骤中,弹性体层20被拉到层30上,并且借助施加到突出部21上的粘合剂被固定在层30上。所完成的隔膜100然后从心轴移离。
当隔膜因为离开心轴和因为使用期间的压力波动而收缩时,金属层30将起皱(衬底220处于非拉伸状态)和舒展(衬底220处于拉伸状态)。层30的起皱现象通过层10、20及空腔40的形状得到控制。由于其厚度,层30具有很大柔韧性,并且可以通过多次循环起皱和舒展,而不发生故障。层10、20还保护层30和衬底220不受冲击破坏。层30因此能够在与压力蓄积设备正常相关的压力下工作。
图12是图1的横截面细节图。金属层30通过气相沉积而沉积到衬底220上。组合层30、220被粘接在层20和层10之间。
尽管在此描述了本发明的一种形式,然而对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以在部件构造和关系上进行改动,同时不脱离在此描述的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种隔膜,其包括:
第一弹性体层(10)和第二弹性体层(20);
金属层(30),所述金属层在衬底弹性体层(220)处于拉伸状态时沉积于所述衬底弹性体层上处于未受力状态下,所述金属层的透气率为零;
所述金属层和衬底弹性体层被置于所述第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层之间并与它们结合;
所述第一弹性体层和第二弹性体层分别包括用于在所述隔膜收缩时接收所述金属层和衬底弹性体层的空腔。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔膜,其中所述第二弹性体层包括用于接触所述金属层的突出部。
3.如权利要求1所述的隔膜,其中所述第一弹性体层包括用于接触所述衬底弹性体层的突出部。
4.一种制造隔膜的方法,其包括:
将在拉伸状态下的第一弹性体层施加到心轴上;
将在拉伸状态下的衬底弹性体层结合到所述第一弹性体层上;
将蒸发的金属施加到所述衬底弹性体层上;
将在拉伸状态下的第二弹性体层结合到所述衬底弹性体层上;以及
从所述心轴上释放隔膜。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其还包括:
在所述第一弹性体层上邻近于所述衬底弹性体层地形成空腔;以及
在所述第二弹性体层上邻近于所述衬底弹性体层地形成空腔。
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